UNIT 1

A. INTRODUCTION
What is Mean by Infrastructure ? Infrastructure involves various civil engineering amenities, electricity, telephone, internet facilities, educational and healthcare facilities. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Civil Engineering Amenities A good town planning and development sites Providing suitable roads and networks of roads Railway connections to important place Airports of national and international standards Assured water supply to cities, towns and villages A good drainage and waste disposal system Pollution free environment

RUTURAJ A. JADHAV

M. TECH. (T & CP)

E-mail ID - ruturajadhav@gmail.com

UNIT 1
Role Of Civil Engineer In Infrastructure Development

A civil engineer has to conceive, plans, estimate, get approval, create and maintain all civil engineering infrastructure activities. He has to carried out research and training programmers to improve the technology. Civil engineer has a very important role in the development of following infrastructure, 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Town and country planning Best suitable structures for the rural and urban areas for various utilities Built irrigation and water supply structures to exploit water resources Purify water and supply for urban and rural area Provide good drainage system and solid waste disposal system Provide and maintain communication system like roads, railways, airports and harbors 7. Monitor land, water and air pollution and take measures to control them

RUTURAJ A. JADHAV

M. TECH. (T & CP)

E-mail ID - ruturajadhav@gmail.com

UNIT 1
Advantages Of Railways

Railway have brought about many political, social and economic changes in the life of Indian people : a) Political Advantages i. Railways have united the people of different castes, religious customs and traditions. ii. With the adequate network of railways, the central administration has become more easy and effective iii. Railways have contributed towards development of national mentality in the mind of people. iv. The role of railways during emergencies in mobilizing troops and war equipment has been very significant. v. Railways have helped in the mass migration of the population.

RUTURAJ A. JADHAV

M. TECH. (T & CP)

E-mail ID - ruturajadhav@gmail.com

UNIT 1
b) Social Advantages
i. The feeling of isolation has been removed from the inhabitants of the Indian villages. ii. By travelling together into the compartments without any restriction of the cast, the feeling of caste differences has disappeared considerably. iii. The social outlook of the masses has been broadened through railway journeys. iv. Railways has made it easier to reach places of religious importance. v. Railways provide a convenient and safe mode of transport for the country. c) Economic Advantages i. Mobility of people has increased, thereby the congested areas can be relived of congestion and the sparsely populated areas can be developed. ii. Mobility of labour has contributed to industrial development. iii. During famines, railways have played the vital role in transporting food and clothing to the affected areas. iv. Growth of industries has been promoted due to transportation of raw materials through railways v. Speedy distribution of finished product is achieved through railways. RUTURAJ A. JADHAV

M. TECH. (T & CP)

E-mail ID - ruturajadhav@gmail.com

UNIT 1
c) Economic Advantages vi. Railways provide employment to million of people and thus help in solving the unemployment problems of the country. vii. Trade development due to railways thereby has increased the earnings and standard of living of Indian people. viii. Land values have increased due to industrial development which ultimately result in the increase of national wealth. ix. Due to the mobility of products through railways, the price stabilization of commodities could be possible. x. Commercial farming is a very much helped by the railways network throughout the country. d) Techno-economic Advantages i. ii. iii. iv. v. Cost saving in the transportation of long haul bulk traffic. Energy-Efficiency (railway consumes one- seventh of fuel used by the road sectore). Environment friendliness. Higher safety. ( fatal accident one-tenth of road sector in India) Efficient land use and ease in capacity expansion.
M. TECH. (T & CP)

RUTURAJ A. JADHAV

E-mail ID - ruturajadhav@gmail.com