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11140-01a-1
Lecture 1 Overview
Administrivia
Course Layout Grading Syllabus
Introduction
Why Optics? A bit of history Our Approach
July 2003+
Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University
11140-01a-2
Why Optics?
Absorption Spectrum of the Atmosphere
Index of Refraction
from Jackson
1nm
1m 1mm 1m
1km
1km 1m 1mm 1m1nm
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Earthlight
July 2003+
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A Bit of History
...and the foot of it of brass, of the lookingglasses of the women assembling, (Exodus 38:8)
Empirical Law of Refraction (Snell) Light as Pressure Wave (Descartes) Law of Least Time (Fermat) v<c, & Two Kinds of Light (Huygens)
Wave Theory (Longitudinal) (Fresnel) Transverse Wave, Polarization Interference (Young) Light & Magnetism (Faraday) EM Theory (Maxwell)
Rejectionof Ether, Early QM (Poincare, Einstein)
-1000
July 2003+
1000
1600
1700
1800
1900
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2000
Hubble Telescope
SM Fiber (Hicks)
HeNe (Javan)
GaAs (4 Groups)
FEL (Madey)
Commercial Fiber Link (Chicago)
Holography (Gabor)
CO2 (Patel)
Many New Lasers
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
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2000
July 2003+
?
Malibu, 1960
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July 2003+
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My Research Interests
Biological and Medical Imaging
Multi-Modal Microscopy Acousto-Photonic Imaging (DOT and Ultrasound) Optical Quadrature Microscopy
Landmine Detection
Laser-Induced Acoustic Mine Detection Microwave-Enhanced Infrared Thermography
Environmental Sensing
Optical Magnetic Field Sensor Underwater Imaging with a Laser Line Scanner Hyperspectral Imaging Laboratory Experiments
July 2003+
Jul 2007 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University
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Medical Treatment
Delivery Dosimetry
July 2003+
Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University
11140-01a-12
July 2003+
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Diffuse
Retro
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Example Interactions
Slab Transmission Slab Absorption and Scattering
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Imaging
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High-School Optics
Image
Object F
July 2003+
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Stopped Here 4 Jan 05
Our Approach
Maxwells Equations Wave Equation Scalar Wave Equation Geometric Optics Polarization Interference Diffraction Radiometry
July 2003+
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stopped 12 Sep 03
Maxwells Equations
July 2003+
Jul 2007
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Maxwells Equations
Source-Free Region
No or J
Isotropic Medium
E Parallel to D
Harmonic Functions
No Nonlinear Effects
July 2003+
Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University
11140-01a-21
H
July 2003+
Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University
B
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Approaches
Special Cases (eg. Plane, Spherical, etc.) Approximations
Circuit Theory (>>D) Wave Theory ( D) Geometric Optics (<<D)
July 2003+
Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University
11140-01a-24
July 2003+
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E
4
H
July 2003+ Jan 2005
Sep 2007
B
Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University
11140-01a-26
E
Linear, Isotropic Medium 4
H
July 2003+
Sep 2007
B
(Two States of Polarization)
Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University
11140-01a-27
July 2003+
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July 2003+
11140-01a-29
L= ni
n1
July 2003+
n2
n3
n4
n5
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Plane Waves
Scalar Wave Equation
General Solution
Plane-Wave Solution
E=E 0 e
E=E 0 e
i nk r t
Plane-Wave in z Direction
i nkz t
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Fermats Principle
Where Does Ray Go?
Minimize Optical Path
Imaging:
Many Minimal Paths
July 2003+
11140-01a-33
=E 0 e
i 2 nz/ 2 t /T
Wavenumber in Vacuum
cm-1
Frequency Period fs
f=
n
T= 1/ f
Angular Frequency
2 k= 2 = T
Index of Refraction
Typically 1<n<2 for Visible, but some over 2 and up to about 4 for IR. 8
= 2 f
c=f = / k
11140-01a-34
E Z= = 300 H
Photons!
Poynting Vector
Irradiance
Power
S= E H 2 E I=S= W/m2 Z
P= Id A
2
Energy
W= Pdt
P nt = h W n= h
Quantum of Energy
W1 =h =hc/
Fractional aJ
11140-01a-35
Stopped Here Thu 6 Jan 05