Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Fall 2005
Social Institutions
Definition Basic Considerations The Law and Politics Markets and Economics Education and Mobility Religion and Belief
Social Institutions
Definition:
Structures in society, manifested as groups of social positions and associated social relations, invested with legitimate authority, that serve to maintain and carry out essential social functions and perpetuate the social order.
Social Institutions
Basic Considerations
All institutions are structures composed of social groups. A condition of social groups is the interrelationship of statuses. All statuses are reflected in role behavior Role behaviors are cognitively mediated by their occupants. Hence, institutions are cognitively mediated structures.
Social Institutions
Social Institutions
(Law and Politics)
Approaches to Deviance
Structural (e.g. Mertons Structural Strain)
Social Institutions
Court System
Federal:
The Supreme Court (1 @ 9) Court of Appeals (11 @ 3) District Courts (94 @ 1) Bankruptcy Courts (94 @ 1)
State:
- Superior (58 @ 1) merged with municipal in 2001
Social Institutions
State Court System
Superior Court (58 @ 1)
Municipal Court
Social Institutions
(Law and Politics)
The Criminal Process
Arrest Preliminary Hearing Arraignment Pre-Trial Hearings Trial Verdict Sentencing Incarceration Parole
Social Institutions
(Law and Politics)
Sentencing Practices
Labeling / Status Characteristics and Expectation states
Social Institutions
Social Institutions
(Markets and Economics )
Approaches to Markets
Structure (Adam Smith - Supply/Demand)
Social Institutions
(Markets and Economics)
Social Institutions
(Markets and Economics)
Risk Preference
Opportunity Costs / Comparison Level
GNP
Generalized Exchange
Social Institutions
(Markets and Economics)
Risk Preference
Salience Reward Value
CL
Risk
Social Institutions
(Markets and Economics)
Taxes
To 40% To 77% To 28%
Wages, Salaries
Dividends, Interest Real & Personal Property
Unearned Income
Capital Gains
Social Institutions
Social Institutions
(Education and Mobility)
Family SES
Ambition Education
Ability
Grades
Social Institutions
(Education and Mobility)
Role Modeling
Social Institutions
(Education and Mobility)
Self Attribution
Social Institutions
Social Institutions
(Religion and Belief)
Structure
Hierarchically Organized (Bureaucracies) Bound by Symbols, Belief and Ritual
Symbols Organizations Beliefs Ritual
However, cognitive mediation => disassociation from task => rise of denominations and ultimately cults and sects, where the membership is based more on the beliefs, symbols and ritual than on the organizational membership.
Social Institutions
(Religion and Belief)
Belief
Dissonance Reduction
Symbols
Significant Symbols
Ritual
Intermittent Reinforcement / Reward
Social Institutions
(Religion and Belief)
Process (Soc Psych Model)
S-Is Significance Intermittent Rewards Symbols Ritual Beliefs Organization
Dissonance Reduction