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Popliteal Fossa
a diamond shaped intermuscular space situated at the back of the knee the fossa is most prominent when the knee joint is flexed. Contains: Popliteal vessels small saphenous veins common peroneal and tibial nerves posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh genicular branch of the obturator nerve connective tissue and lymph nodes
Popliteal Fossa
BOUNDARIES Laterally: biceps femoris and lateral head of gastrocnemius and plantaris Medially: semimembranosus and semitendinosus above and medial head of gastrocnemius below Anterior wall or floor: popliteal surface of femur, posterior ligament of knee joint and politeus muscle roof: skin, superficial fascia and deep fascia of thigh
Popliteus Muscle
ORIGIN Lateral surface of the lateral condyle of femur Attached to posterior surface of tibia, above the soleal line
INSERTION
NERVE SUPPLY
Tibial nerve
on femur lateral rotation of femur on tibia (if foot is on the ground) flexion of the knee
Popliteal Artery
deeply placed and enters the popliteal fossa through the opening of adductor magnus as a continuation of adductor magnus it ends at the level of the lower border of popliteus muscle by dividing into anteror and posterior tibial arteries Anteriorly: popliteal surface of femur, knee joint and popliteus muscle Posteriorly: popliteal vein, tibial nerve, fascia and skin Branches muscular branches and articular branches of knee
Popliteal Vein
formed by the junction of the venae comitantes of the anterior and posteror tibial arteries at the lower border of politeus muscle on the medial side of politeal artery As it ascends through the fossa, it crosses behind the politeal artery so that it comes to lie on its lateral side. it passes through the opening in the adductor magnus to become femoral vein
Popliteal Vein
TRIBUTARIES
Veins that correspond to branches given off by the popliteal artery Small Saphenous vein
To compensate for the narrowing of the popliteal artery, which occurs during extreme flexion of knee, around the knee joint is a profuse anastomosis of small branches of femoral artery with muscular and articular branches of popliteal artery and with branches of anterior and posterior tibial arteries
Tibial Nerve
larger terminal branch of sciatic nerve that enters the popliteal fossa
Tibial Nerve
BRANCHES
Cutaneous: sural nerve Muscular branches supply both heads of gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus and popliteus Articular branches supply the knee joint
A branch of sacral plexus terminates by supplying the skin over the popliteal fossa
Obturator Nerve
leaves the subsartorial canal with the femoral artery by passing through the opening in the adductor magnus
thickenings of deep fascia that keep the long tendons around the ankle joint in position and act as pulleys
Inferior Peroneal Retinaculum binds the tendons of the peroneus longus and brevis muscles to lateral side of calacaneum
Skin
Superficial Veins
numerous small veins curve around the medial aspect of leg and ultimately drain into the great saphenous vein
Muscles: tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus tertius and extensor extensor hallucis longus Blood Supply: Anterior tibial artery Nerve Supply: Deep peroneal nerve
Tibialis anterior
Medial cuneiform and base Deep peroneal of 1st metatarsal bone nerve
L4, 5
L5, S1
Peroneus tertius
L5, S1
L5, S1
Calcaneum
by four tendons into the proximal phalanx of big toe and long extensor tendons to 2nd, 3rd and 4th toes
L5, S1