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Survey, otherwise known as normative survey, is a fact-finding study with adequate and accurate interpretation. It is used to collect demographic data about peoples behavior, practices, intentions, beliefs, attitudes, opinions, judgments, interests, perceptions, and the like and then such data are analyzed, organized, and interpreted. Case study is a comprehensive, complete, detailed, and in-depth study and analysis of an individual, institution, group, or community.
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The group surveyed is usually large. The number of aspects or variables in the life of the group surveyed is limited. Cause-effect relationships are not given emphasis. Aim of a study may only be to determine status. Representativeness is important and is given emphasis. Curiosity, interest, or just to determine norm or status may initiate a survey. Only conditions or practices present during the survey are considered.
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Case study may involve and usually involves one person, family, small group, or small community. Usually all aspects or variables in the life cycle of the case under study are included. Finding the causes of certain phenomena is always a part of a case study. Representativeness is not important. The result of a single case study do not provide certainty that the case is truly representative. Abnormalities or undesirable traits or conditions usually initiate a case study.
1. it reveals what is typical, average or normal 2. results may be used for prediction 3. it makes possible the formulation of generalizations 4. reveals problems 5. easy to get respondents 6. instruments for gathering data are easy to determine, construct, validate and administer
Lack of manipulation over independent variables. One cannot progressively investigate one aspect after another of the independent variable to get closer to the real world. Statistical devices are not always able to separate the effects of several independent variables when there is multivariable causation, especially when two independent variable are themselves highly associated.
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Total population survey. The entire population is involved in the survey. Sample survey. Only a sample or portion of the population is involved in the survey. Social survey. The investigator researches on the attitudes and behaviors of different groups of people. School survey. This is used to gather data for and about schools and to assess educational achievement and educational itself. Public opinion survey. This is used to gauge the reactions of people towards certain issues or persons.
Case work refers especially to the developmental, adjustment, remedial, or corrective procedures that appropriately follow diagnosis of the causes of maladjustment or of favorable development.
Case Study
Case method has been employed to describe a plan of organizing and presenting instructional materials in law, medicine, social work, and even in education, psychology, and sociology, where as a rule, the case materials used are the product of case study investigation. Case history is a biography obtained by interview and other means, sometimes collected over the years to enable us to understand the problems of an individual and to suggest ways of solving them. Clinical method is defined as a process by which we collect all available evidence -social, psychological, biological, and medical, that promises to help us understand an individual child.
Generally, children with some forms of abnormalities are the subject of case studies. These are children with exceptional abilities, very high IQ or children with problems or deficiencies.
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Identifying data Identification and statement of the problem Health and development history Educational history Social history Economic history Psychological history
Data-gathering instruments
The interview 2. Observation 3. The questionnaire 4. Psychological test 5. Checklist, score cards and rating scales
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CONTENT ANALYSIS
Content analysis as a research technique deals with documentary materials that are already existing and available. It has been defined as follows: Content analysis is a research technique for the objective, systematic and quantitative description of the manifest content of communication.
Recognizing the problem Forming the hypotheses Doing library search Designing the study Developing the instrument