Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns.

This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Willis faber & dumas office, UK. foster

Architect

: sir norman

The structural system, consists of slabs -horizontal structural members and posts - vertical stuctural members.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can The load of only be constructed itrself and other live load transfer withthe slab site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spacedslab. both the the dead load and to the post by the as possible. addition, column spacing liveas load Inwhich the post gets form the slab transfer to cannot be great as the column and beam system. the ground by the post.

L/4

L/2
L/4

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column strip

Middle strip

slab

post

G.L. footing

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

flat plate

flat plate post slab

flat plate flat slab : with capital with drop with capital & drop

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems.

Villa savoy. le corbusier

flat slab

flat slab with capital

flat slab with drop

flat slab with capital & drop

Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells.

Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Courtesy of portland cement can only be constructed with site cast concrete. assoc.

Column and slab systems

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

The portion of the slab around the columns behave some what like an umbrella & the tendency of feilure due to punching share. Cause : Exceed Load Bearing Capacity of slab Displacement of Centroid
Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells.

Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells.

de

Angle of the inclination crack varies between 20 & 45 Column and slab systems
de+d s

can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

ds

Punching Share Effect can be redused by using Capital & Drop Pannel

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems.

Minimum thickness of drop panels is 1.25 times the slab thickness.

Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design.

Capital dia = Column dia (de) + Actual loaded area of slab (ds)

de+d s d e Lp

Lp/3

Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Reference: Design of concrete structures -george winter & arthur h. Nilson

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells.

Causes when columns are too selender or too fragile to carry loads comes from the slabs.
Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

buckling

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells.

breaking

Hingend column

Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Fixed against rotation at both end column

Partially restrained column against rotation by abutting member.

An elastic column fixed at both ends will carry 4times as much load as when hinged. Design of concrete Reference:
structures -george winter & arthur h. Nilson

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

effective span horizontal distance between center points of two vertical support. clear span horizontal distance between internal faces of two vertical support.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral effective span stiffening

clear span

is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

flat slab construction is economical for live load of 100 psf or more and for spans up to about 30 ft. for spans longer than about 30 ft, beams girders are desirable because of improved stiffness. short span capability 15-25 or upto 35 if pottensioned.
High-rise building structures -wolfgang schueller Design of concrete structures [9th edition] -george winter & arthur h. Nilson

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells.

A A min. depth of drop panel = span/85 of 12

B min. depth of slab = span/36 of 12 or 4 (6 to 12 typically)

Ccan only be constructed with site cast concrete.

Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems

C min. width of drop panel = 0.4 of span D min. depth of slab = span/33 or, 5 (5 to 14 typ)
[without drop panel]

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Reference : building construction illustrated -francis d.k. ching

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

name

category
amories & drill rooms

psf

maximum capability (psf)

160 200 200 200

span

slab thickness
6 in. 8 in. 10 in. 12 in.

apartments

150

8 ft. 10 ft. 12 ft. 14 ft.

hospital
Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

operating room

60

80
100 100 125

10 ft.
12 ft. 14 ft. 16 ft. 10 ft. 12 ft. 14 ft. 16 ft.

6 in.
8 in. 10 in. 12 in. 6 in. 8 in. 10 in. 12 in.

private room & wards

40

80 100 100 125

Reference : Design of concrete structures [9th edition] -george winter & arthur h. Nilson Builders estimating databook -robert l. Taylor & s. Blackwell duncan

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

name

category

psf

maximum capability (psf)

span

slab thickness

libraries

reading room

60

80 100 100

10 ft. 12 ft. 14 ft. 16 ft. 10 ft. 12 ft. 14 ft. 16 ft.

6 in. 8 in. 10 in. 12 in. 6 in. 8 in. 10 in. 12 in.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

125 stack rooms 150 160 200 200 200

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

name

category

psf

maximum capability (psf)

span

slab thickness

office building

offices

80

80 100 100 125

10 ft. 12 ft. 14 ft. 16 ft. 8 ft. 12 ft. 14 ft. 16 ft.

6 in. 8 in. 10 in. 12 in. 6 in. 8 in. 10 in. 12 in.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design.

lobbies

100

160 200 200 200

residential multifamily houses private apartments 40 80 100 100 125 10 ft. 12 ft. 14 ft. 16 ft. 6 in. 8 in. 10 in. 12 in.

Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

name

category

psf

maximum capability (psf)

span

slab thickness

public rooms

100

160 200 200 200

8 ft. 12 ft. 14 ft. 16 ft. 10 ft. 12 ft. 14 ft. 16 ft.

6 in. 8 in. 10 in. 12 in. 6 in. 8 in. 10 in. 12 in.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

corridors

60

80 100 100 125

residential dwellings first floor 40 80 10 ft. 6 in.

100
100 125

12 ft.
14 ft. 16 ft.

8 in.
10 in. 12 in.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

name

category

psf

maximum capability (psf)

span

slab thickness

second floor and habitable attics

30

80 100 100

10 ft. 12 ft. 14 ft. 16 ft.

6 in. 8 in. 10 in. 12 in.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

125 uninhabitable attics

20

80
100 100 125

10 ft.
12 ft. 14 ft. 16 ft. 10 ft. 12 ft. 14 ft. 16 ft.

6 in.
8 in. 10 in. 12 in. 6 in. 8 in. 10 in. 12 in.

hotels

guest rooms

40

80 100 100 125

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

name

category

psf

maximum capability (psf)

span

slab thickness
6 in. 8 in. 10 in. 12 in. 6 in.

public rooms

100

160 200 200 200

8 ft. 12 ft. 14 ft. 16 ft. 8 ft.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

corridors serving public rooms

100

160

200
200 200

12 ft.
14 ft. 16 ft.

8 in.
10 in. 12 in.

public corridors

60

80
100 100 125

10 ft.
12 ft. 14 ft. 16 ft.

6 in.
8 in. 10 in. 12 in.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

name

category

psf

maximum capability (psf)

span

slab thickness

private corridors

40

80
100 100 125

10 ft.
12 ft. 14 ft. 16 ft. 10 ft. 10 ft. 10 ft. 10 ft. 8 ft. 12 ft. 14 ft. 16 ft.

6 in.
8 in. 10 in. 12 in. 10 ft. 10 ft. 10 ft. 10 ft. 6 in. 8 in. 10 in. 12 in.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems.

schools

class rooms

40

80 100 100 125

Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

corridors

100

160 200 200 200

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

name

category

psf

maximum capability (psf)

span

slab thickness

theaters

Aisles, corridors & lobbies

100

160 200 200 200

8 ft. 12 ft. 14 ft. 16 ft. 10 ft. 12 ft. 14 ft. 16 ft. 10 ft. 12 ft.

6 in. 8 in. 10 in. 12 in. 6 in. 8 in. 10 in. 12 in. 6 in. 8 in.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Orchestra floors/balconies

60

80 100 100 125

Stage floors

150

160 200

200
200

14 ft.
16 ft.

10 in.
12 in.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells.

Squre Grid and slab systems Column

Irregular pattern

can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

ECIL office the lateral forces are diverted correa) complex (charles

Cottbus university li8brary, ( herzog & de meuron )

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells.

Cantilever must systemsprovided be Column and slab can only be constructed Generally with site cast concrete. 50% of the can be Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. span columns should be as equally spaced
as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Cantilever A/B

10 % of span ECIL office complex (charles correa)

30 % of span institute of fine arts (M. Islam)

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells.

in the area common to the slab middle strips.

Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

in the area common to two column strips, not more than one-eighth the width of the strip in either span should be interrupted by openings. in the area common to one column strip and one middle strip, not more than one fourth of the re-inforcement in either strip should be interrupted by the opening.
Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems.

Reference: Design of concrete structures -george winter & arthur h. Nilson

Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

C.S. 1/8C.S. 1/4C.S.

C.S.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design.

Willis faber & dumas office, UK Typically, Architect :tosir norman foster in mid-rise high-rise construction,
the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells.

Student dormitory at clemson college, south carolina.

Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Dr. Currtchets House, Argentina, Le Corbusier

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Wall can be built freely as desired in different floors. but it is recommended to built walls on the column strips and avoid the middle strips from first floor.

Villa savoy , le corbusier

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

continuous openings can be used in every facade of the build form. ribbon window can be used to ensure proper light penetration & ventilation.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Cottbus university li8brary, herzog & de meuron

House at weissenhof, germany; le corbusire

Mrf headquarter, charles correa

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells.

cantilever simply Column and slab systems stair supported

can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

the standerd dom-ino model has a concrete floor slab withn the columns set back and a cantilevered stair at on end. the slab consists of joist, like beams with steel re-inforcement and hollow pots.
Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells.

Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Museum at Ahmedabad le corbusier

Mrf headquarter, charles correa

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Mrf headquarter, charles correa

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

express composition of strong vertical lines and horizontal plane. extensive use and expression of lines, planes and solid-void is possible. gives a floating effect. nature can be in corporated in to the built form. free flowing space can be achived.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells.

FINE ARTS institute [JAINUL GALLERY] ARCHITECT : MAZHARUL ISLAM

Museum at Ahmedabad le corbusier

Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Johnson wax administration building,

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

the total height can be reduced due to absense of beam. different plans can be possible in different floor by builting frequent walls as desired.
Column and slab systems are composed any types ofcolumns and like curve plan can be possible. plan of vertical horizontal slabs spanning between the columns.

strong solid-void relationship can be achived because This system gives more in of theflexibilityand columnof continuous opening. scope locations than beam column systems.
is difficult with or opening can be used to ensure light and continuouswithout beams to create a rigid frame, ventilation. therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, columnshigh-rise construction,vehicular circulation in the case help in mid-rise to the lateral forces are diverted the ground floor parking. basementtooffoundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Lateral stiffening

Column and slab systems it is economical for high-rise buildings. can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Villa savoy , le corbusier

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

large dead load is undesireable when diffcult foundation conditions are encountered. small depth to span ratios can cause the appearance off excessive deflection of slabs. the relatively short span capability. cost of the construction increases if capital and drop panels are to be ommited. thus the system is less economical for the low-rise structure. each slab should have cantilever. not show adequate stability against lateral forces such as wind, earth quack. then its in shear walls to get stable.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

in lobby

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and core insulation horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems.

main room

Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Car port

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

70 % of span

cantilever

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems.

effective span

Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells.

Express composition of strong Column and slabcolumns & verticle systems can only be constructed with site cast their capitals span ofconcrete. Column spacing is equal to the with umbrella the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as like drops. possible.
In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Roof lighting achived

Column and slab systems are composed

of vertical columns and Continuous opening used horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Site plan

plan

plan

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Load slab column ground

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

plan

south elevation

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells.

Effective span : 146 Clear and slab systems : 12 Column height can only be constructed withthickness: Slab thesite cast concrete. 10 Column spacing is equal to span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced Column as possible. 14 dia : In addition, column spacing Cantilever : 4 cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

146

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

146

south elevation

plan

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

plan

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

first floor plan

ground floor plan

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Floating effect

Incorporating with the nature

Composition of vertical line & horizontal plane

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. can only constructed Load slab be concrete. column/ wall/ lift core ground with site cast Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system. Column and slab systems

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

1st floor plan

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can Squre grid only be constructed withpattern site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

1st floor plan

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. can only Span 16 be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system. Column and slab systems

Almost 50% at south side and 30% at north side No cantilever at east-west side
50% 30%

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

50%

30%

Span 16

Span 16

1st floor plan

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Advantage of making different plan in different floor in post-slab system is successfully taken.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. st Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

1 floor plan

2nd floor plan

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells.

with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Out side of the building supported by Column and wall.can only beslab systems supported bu beam constructed Into the building from columns

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

2nd floor plan

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems

as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

At the can only be constructed a regular column position of with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. supportedequally spaced core. columns should be as by lift Irreglar shape by giving proper set back from the column.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

2nd floor plan

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems

Almost 100% opening in north & south facade

can only be constructed No opening at east & west facade. with site cast concrete.

Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and nature Incorporate slab systems into the can only be constructed with built form. site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Composition of horizontal & vertical planes at north & south facade.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems.

Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

ground floor plan

1st floor plan

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Fluid shape planning Free flowing space.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems.

Continuous opening.

Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Reinforced concrete [6th edition] s.k. Mallick & a.p. gupta Design of concrete structures [9th edition] george winter & arthur h. Nilson Builders estimating databook robert l. Taylor & s. Blackwell duncan High-rise building structures wolfgang schueller The architecture of Frank lloyed wright [2nd edition] william allin storrer Sir norman foster philip jodidio Charles correa kenneth frampton Architecture form, space & order francis d.k. Ching Building construction illustrated francis d.k. Ching An analysis of form le corbusire The master builders peter black Internet

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

Column and slab systems are composed of vertical columns and horizontal slabs spanning between the columns. This system gives more flexibility in column locations than beam and column systems. Lateral stiffening is difficult with or without beams to create a rigid frame, therefore, either braced frames or shear walls must be incorporated into the design. Typically, in mid-rise to high-rise construction, the lateral forces are diverted to the foundation through solid elevator shafts and/or stairwells. Column and slab systems can only be constructed with site cast concrete. Column spacing is equal to the span of the slab. Although column spacing is more variable, the columns should be as equally spaced as possible. In addition, column spacing cannot be as great as the column and beam system.

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