TYPES OF DC MOTOR STARTERS

Presented By C.GOKUL AP Velalar College of Engg&Tech

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3 point starter

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Schematic diagram
The three terminals L, F , A of the starter are connected respectively to the positive line terminal, shunt field terminal & armature terminal. The other terminals of the armature and shunt field windings are connected to the negative terminal of the supply. The no-volt release coil(NVR) is connected in the shunt field circuit.
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 one end of the handle is connected to the terminal L through the over-load release coil. The handle moves over the starting resistance against the spring as it passes over each stud in clockwise direction.

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OPERATION
DC supply is switched ON. The handle is now moved clockwise.The handle touches stud 1 the whole starting resistance is inserted in series with the armature circuit When the handle is gradually moved over to the final stud, the starting resistance is cut out. The handle is now held magnetically by the no-volt release coil (NVL)which is energized by shunt field current.
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No-volt release coil (NVR)

If the supply voltage is suddenly interrupted or if the field excitation is accidentally cut, the no-volt release coil is demagnetized and the handle goes back to the OFF position under the pull of the spring. If no-volt release coil were not used, then in case of failure of supply, the handle would remain on the final stud which resulting in an excessive armature current.

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Over Load Release(OLR)

If the motor is over-loaded (or a fault occurs), beyond a certain predetermined value, it will draw excessive current from the supply. The no-volt coil is demagnetized and the handle is pulled to the OFF position by the spring. Thus, the motor is automatically disconnected from the supply.

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Drawbacks of 3 point starter

In a three-point starter, the no-volt release coil is connected in series with the shunt field circuit so that it carries the shunt field current. While exercising speed control through field regulator, the field current may be weakened to such an extent that the novolt release coil may not be able to keep the starter arm in the ON position. This may disconnect the motor from the supply when it is not desired. This drawback is overcome in the four point starter.

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4 point starter

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 Now the no-volt release coil circuit is independent of the shunt field circuit. Therefore, proper speed control can be exercised without affecting the operation of no-volt release coil. The three-point starter also provides protection against an open-field circuit. This protection is not provided by the four-point starter.
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SPEED CONTROL OF DC SHUNT MOTORS

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1. WARD LEONARD CONTROL SYSTEM

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This system is used where an unusually wide and very sensitive speed control is required as for colliery winders, electric excavators, elevators and the main drives in steel mills and blooming and paper mills. M1 is the main motor whose speed control is required. The field of this motor is permanently connected across the dc supply lines. By applying a variable voltage across its armature, any desired speed can be obtained.
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 This variable voltage is supplied by a motor-generator set which consists of either a dc or an ac motor M2 directly coupled to generator G. The motor M2 runs at an approximately constant speed. The output voltage of G is directly fed to the main motor M1. The voltage of the generator can be varied from zero up to its maximum value by means of its field regulator. By reversing the direction of the field current of G by means of the reversing switch RS, generated voltage can be reversed and hence the direction of rotation of M1. It should be remembered that motor generator set always runs in the same direction.

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ADVANTAGES
Wide range of speed control Short time overload capacity is large Full forward and reverse speed is achieved

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DISADVANTAGES
High initial cost It require regular maintenance Large space Overall efficiency is low(less than 80%)

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