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Definition
A metabolic disorder characterized by
an absence of insulin production and secretion from autoimmune destruction of beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas;
Risk Factors
Family History Genetics Geography
Autoimmune
polyphagia Fatigue & weakness Sudden vision changes Tingling or numbness in hands or feet,
Recurrent infections
Pathophysiology
Management
Collaborative management Pharmacologic management Nursing Management
Supportive care
Education and Health Maintenance
Collaborative management
The diet plan eliminates concentrated sweets and
Exercise therapy
Pharmacologic Management
Insulin therapy
Nursing Management
Monitor I/O, BP, serum electrolytes & daily weights. Monitor urine for ketones if the patient is ill or if
of insulin.
Monitor insulin injection sites. Watch for lipodystrophy (localized tissue buildup
from giving injections in the same site). Observe for signs of irritation; avoid injection site for several weeks if theses occur. Observe for signs of hypersensitivity reaction to insulin and notify doctor immediately.
Supportive care
Administer intravenous fluids as ordered during
periods of dehydration.
Provide an adequate diet plan for the patient.
(insulin still administered during illness). Be alert for signs of infection and dehydration.
monitoring.
Blood glucose measurements are usually made four
times a day, before meals and at bedtime. May be more frequent during hypoglycaemic episodes or other problem situations.
occurs.
precedes hypoglycaemic reactions, and work with the family to alter behaviour to prevent reactions.
If prescribed, teach the patient and the family how to
Instruct patient regarding prevention of infection. Attend to regular hygiene with special attention to
foot care.
Report any breaks in the skin; treat promptly.
every 6 months.
bracelet.
Do not expose vials of insulin to extreme