INTRODUCTION TO GEOSYNTHETICS

Geosynthetics a planar product manufactured

from polymeric materials used with rock, earth, or other geotechnical engineering related material as an integral part of a human-made project, structure, or system.

FUNCTIONS OF GEOSYNTHETICS

Separation Filtration Reinforcement Drainage Containment

OUR KEY SECTORS

GEOSYNTHETICS DIVN.

ENV.PROTECTION

INFRASTRUCTURE ROADS RAILWAYS GROUND IMPROVEMENT

LANDFILL ENGINEERING COASTAL PROTECTION ROCKFALL PROTECTION CANAL LINING

FLOOD CONTROL

OUR PRODUCT RANGE

Geogrids
(Uniaxial &Biaxial)

Geotextiles
Nonwoven Woven

Geonet

Geosynthetic Clay Liners

Geomembranes

OUR PRODUCT RANGE

Gabions
Steel Wire Polymer Rope PVD

Anco Drain
GARMAT Boulder Net

PRODUCTS & THEIR APPLICATIONS

Steel Wire Gabions and Mattresses Form a variety of Monolithic Structures when filled with boulders. Find application as Retaining walls, Erosion and scour protection works, Hydraulic / Coastal structures for River and Channel Protection like Weirs, Check Dams, Groynes, etc

STEEL GABIONS

GarmatTM Reinforced Soil

Gabion Facia
Reinforced Soil System with Gabion Facia, MRPL, Mangalore Gabion Retaining Wall Lavasa

Slope Retention works at Sakleshpur Subhramanya Road Section, South Western Railways, Mysore Division

STEEL GABIONS

GarmatTM Reinforced Soil

Gabion Facia
Reinforced Soil System with Gabion Facia, MRPL, Mangalore Gabion Retaining Wall Lavasa

Slope Retention works at Sakleshpur Subhramanya Road Section, South Western Railways, Mysore Division

STEEL GABIONS

Abutment Protection Works, JJKR Section & DKB Line, East Coast Railways Bridge Abutment, Central Railways, Mumbai Division Toe Protection Works Central Railways

STEEL GABIONS

Flood Protection Works, Mula River, Pune Tapi River Bank Protection under Construction using Steel Gabions, Barimata, Surat, Gujarat) Bank Protection, Gujarat

STEEL GABIONS

Jetty, Gujarat Gabion Mattresses in Revetments, HCC Teesta

PP Rope Gabions and Mattresses

Collapsible Sausages used in Underwater Applications to form structures like breakwaters, seawalls, groynes, and aprons.

POLYMER ROPE GABIONS

Shore Erosion - Swaminarayan Temple, Gujarat, India Groynes - Varsoli Creek, Alibaug, Maharashtra

POLYMER ROPE GABIONS

Revetment - Anti Erosion Sea Bund Morbhagwa, Gujarat, India Narmada Bank Protection Works, Madhi, Gujarat

Woven Multifilament Geotextiles

Used as Separator and filter in roads and railways. Used as reinforcement in Ground Improvement and Reinforced Slopes. Made into Geotextile Tubes, Containers and Bags for use in shore and bank protection works as groynes, breakwaters, sea walls, etc.

WOVEN GEOTEXTILES

Filter - Woven geotextiles Woven Geotextile - Separator (Thane, Mumbai) Geogrid Wraparound Wall at CH. 48 KM & CH. 50 KM, Lucknow - Muzaffarpur National Highway Project

WOVEN GEOTEXTILES

Separator - Approach Embankment for Bridge across Vasista, Godavari at Chinchinada, A.P. (N H 5A)3 Reinforcement, Vishakapatnam Airport, Andhra Pradesh

WOVEN GEOTEXTILES
Shore Protection Works :
Geotextile Tube
HWL Woven Geotextile Bags Geotextile Geotextile Bags GEOTEXTILE TUBE - SHORE PROTECTION Shankarpur to Halda, West Bengal, India

Filter Material

Geotextile Tube

Geotextile Bags Toe Protection Geotextile Tube After installation - During High Tide

Nonwoven Geotextiles
Used as drainage layer, geomembrane protection layer and filter.

NONWOVEN GEOTEXTILES

Protection Layer, Doodhganga Canal Project, Kolhapur, Maharashtra

Lining of Dry Gypsum Pond, Coromandal Fertilizers Ltd., Vishakapatnam

NONWOVEN GEOTEXTILES

Protection Layer in Landfills, HZL, Visakhapatnam, A.P

Geomat (Mulch mat)

Promotes micro-reinforced vegetation and effectively controls erosion of top soil.

GARMATTM

GarmatTM Erosion Control Mat (HZL, Vishakapatnam, Andhra Pradesh) Before After

GarmatTM Erosion Control Mat (Mahanadi Coal Fields, Talcher, Orissa)

Uniaxial Geogrids
Characterized by High Strength at low strain along the principal direction; Used in Reinforced soil structures.

UNIAXIAL GEOGRIDS

Tensar Geogrid Reinforced Soil Wall System at CSEB, Inner Side View, towards deck slab (Korba, India) RS Wall with Gabion Facia and Geogrid as reinforcement at Bellary, Karnataka)

UNIAXIAL GEOGRIDS

Geogrid Wraparound Wall at CH. 48 KM & CH. 50 KM, Lucknow - Muzaffarpur National Highway Project

Biaxial Geogrids
Structural performance by interlocking mechanism; Possess high aperture stability and junction strength; Used in ground stabilization, pavements and trackbed stabilization

BIAXIAL GEOGRIDS

Installation of Tensar SSLA30 Biaxial Geogrid at ballast level (Kazipet-Ballarshah section,, South Central Railway) Subgrade Stabilization using Tensar Biaxial Geogrids Talasari - Udhava Major Dist. Road, PWD, Maharashtra

BIAXIAL GEOGRIDS

Ground Improvement for Tank Foundation, HPCL, Mundra, Gujarat

HDPE Geomembranes
Impermeable sheets used as barriers to liquid and vapors; Finds application in landfills, canal lining, reservoir lining, gypsum pond lining, etc.

HDPE GEOMEMBRANE

Reservoir Lining, Finolex Industries, Doodhganga Canal Project Maharashtra (Kolhapur, Maharashtra) Lining of Dry Gypsum Pond, Coromandal Fertilizers Ltd., Vishakapatnam

HDPE GEOMEMBRANE

Reservoir Lining, Finolex Industries, Doodhganga Canal Project Maharashtra (Kolhapur, Maharashtra) Lining of Dry Gypsum Pond, Coromandal Fertilizers Ltd., Vishakapatnam

HDPE GEOMEMBRANE

Landfill, HZL Visakhapatnam, A.P

PCMC Landfill, Pune

Geosynthetic Clay Liners

Consists of a continuous layer of natural sodium bentonite powder, sandwiched between geotextiles; Acts as hydraulic barrier.

Pond lining

Geonets
Net like structure exclusively used for their in-plane drainage function.

Geonets Geonets are formed by a continuous extrusion of polymeric ribs at acute angles to one another to create a three dimensional net-like configuration. The flow capacity of the net is determined primarily by the thickness of the ribs. Geonets comprised of two ribs are commonly referred to as Bi-Planar Geonets.

ANCO DRAIN
Anco drain consists of hollow pipe like section or tubular section with specially designed fleets at the bottom & perforations all along the length of the pipe. They have adequate treatment to corrosion Anco drains are provided for drainage & as soil anchors. These can be used in combination with boulder net and geomat (mulch mat) provided for prevention of surface erosion.

ANCO DRAIN

Anco Drain

Anco Drain MRPL, Mangalore

Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD, wick drain, plastic board drain)

Land reclamation projects Mitigation of liquefaction Ports and harbour construction Development of industrial sites Construction of highways, railways, airfields and dykes

Steel Wire Gabions and Mattresses

Form a variety of Monolithic Structures when filled with boulders. Find application as Retaining walls, Erosion and scour protection works, Hydraulic / Coastal structures for River and Channel Protection like Weirs, Check Dams, Groynes, etc. Collapsible Sausages used in Underwater Applications to form structures like breakwaters, seawalls, groynes, and aprons.

PP Rope Gabions and Mattresses

Steel Wire Rope Nets

Rockfall Protection System used on high cuttings.

Woven Multifilament Geotextiles

Used as Separator and filter in roads and railways. Used as reinforcement in Ground Improvement and

Reinforced Slopes. Made into Geotextile Tubes, Containers and Bags for use in shore and bank protection works as groynes, breakwaters, sea walls, etc.

Geomat (Mulch mat)

Promotes micro-reinforced vegetation and effectively

controls erosion of top soil.

PRODUCT & APPLICATION

Uniaxial Geogrids
Characterized by High Strength at low strain along the

principal direction; Used in Reinforced soil structures.

Biaxial Geogrids
Structural performance by interlocking mechanism;

Possess high aperture stability and junction strength; Used in ground stabilization, pavements and trackbed stabilization.

Nonwoven Geotextiles
Used as drainage layer, geomembrane protection layer

and filter.

PRODUCT & APPLICATION

HDPE Geomembranes
Impermeable sheets used as barriers to liquid and

vapors; Finds application in landfills, canal lining, reservoir lining, gypsum pond lining, etc.

Geosynthetic Clay Liners

Consists of a continuous layer of natural sodium

bentonite powder, sandwiched between geotextiles; Acts as hydraulic barrier.

Geonets
Net like structure exclusively used for their in-plane

drainage function.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Properties :
Polymer Composition,

Structure & Physical

Properties
Mechanical Hydraulic

Properties

Properties Practices

Survivability
Installation

UV Resistance

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Present Scenario: For any application, the technical specification includes all the properties irrespective of the function to be satisfied is significant to specify the properties essential for the function

It

Eg:

For Reinforcement application It is more relevant to specify long-term strength and strength at 2% and 5% strain rather than Ultimate Strength

Dictates the exact materials and processes to be used in a project No guarantee that the best available product is delivered

They focus on the Process and not on the Final

Output (Performance)

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Properties Influencing Effective Performance of the Product
FUNCTIONS Separation PROPERTIES AOS

Filtration
Drainage Reinforcement

AOS & Permittivity

AOS & In-Plane Permeability Tensile Strength, Secant Modulus

GEOGRIDS IN PAVEMENTS

Mechanism of Working Lateral Restraint thro Better Confinement and Interlocking

GEOGRIDS IN PAVEMENTS

Properties Influencing Effective Performance of the Product

Rib Thickness & Shape

Aperture Size & Shape

GEOGRIDS IN PAVEMENTS

Properties Influencing Effective Performance of the Product

Junction Strength & Rigidity

Junction Efficiency

Aperture Rigidity
Radial Stiffness Secant Modulus

PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS (PRS)

Performance

specifications describe how the finished product should perform over time is the bridge between design, construction quality, and long-term product performance that use quantified quality characteristics and life cycle cost relationships correlated to product performance.

It

Specifications

PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS (PRS)

Performance Parameters

Depends on the Product and the application

Governing Factors End Result Elements:

- Bearing capacity, stability, settlements, cracking, etc., Functional Requirements: - Smoothness, friction, etc.,

PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS

Fundamental Requirements:

Critical Quality Characteristics Measurable and tied to product performance

Prediction Tools (modelling and databases) Verified, calibrated, validated, and made appropriate for local conditions Life Cycle Cost Analyses (LCCA) To compare the as-designed product section to the as-built section

PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS

Benefits
Improved link between Design and Construction
Improved

and focused testing on characteristics related to performance

Promoting best practices to improve quality Improving

Flexibility, Efficiency and Value of the

system

PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS

Benefits
Adding private sector innovation
Allow contractors more freedom to implement their

own procedures, choose their own equipment, and conduct site-specific process control programs
Transferring risk away from the owner

REFERENCES
Performance Specifications Strategic Road Map, 2004

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/construction/pssr04tc.cfm

Developing

Performance

Specifications

Consultation response analysis report, January 2004 http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/3060.aspx

REFERENCES
INF02 Adopt Performance and Warranty

Specifications to Improve the Quality of Highway

Construction http://cpr.ca.gov/CPR_Report/Issues_and_Recommend ations/Chapter_4_Infrastructure/INF02.html

M.Venkataraman Advisor, Geosynthetics Division, Garware-Wall Ropes Ltd.

Plot No. 11, Block D-1, M.I.D.C. Chinchwad, Pune- 411019, India. Phone: + 91-20-30780000, 30780150 Fax: + 91-20-30780350.

Email : geo@garwareropes.com mvenkatraman@garwareropes.c om Website : www.garwareropes.com