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Difference between Dynamic Viscosity Kinematic Viscosity Pressure and Temperature Dependence of Viscosity Problem on above topic Summary of Topics we have covered today Assignment

 Dynamic viscosity is the quantitative expression of fluids resistance to flow, while Kinematic viscosity is the ratio of the fluids viscous force to the inertial force. Dynamic viscosity is symbolized by either or , while Kinematic viscosity is mathematically symbolized by . In a cgs unit system, dynamic viscosity is in a unit called poise, which is taken from the name of Jean Louis Marie Poiseuille, while Kinematic viscosity is expressed in stokes (St) or centistokes (ctsk or cSt), which are named after George Gabriel Stokes. Dynamic viscosity is sometimes referred to as absolute viscosity, or just viscosity, while Kinematic viscosity is sometimes called the diffusivity of momentum.
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Pressure and Temperature Dependence of Viscosity Importance of Viscosity in Fluid Mechanics How to get Data on Viscosity Viscosity Data for pure gases and liquids Viscous Science and Engineering Books Estimation by empirical methods Corresponding-states correlation used for estimation of viscosity and show the general trends of viscosity with Temperature and Pressure for ordinary fluids. Figure-1 gives a global view of the pressure and temperature dependence of viscosity.

Figure-1. Reduced viscosity r = / c as a function of reduced temperature for several values of the reduced Pressure (pr)

A "reduced quantity is one that has been made dimensionless by dividing by the corresponding quantity at the critical point.

Pressure and Temperature Dependence of Viscosity Experimental values of the critical viscosity c are seldom available. However, c may be estimated in one of the following ways: (1) if a value of viscosity is known at a given reduced pressure and temperature, preferably at conditions near to those of interest, then c can be calculated from c = /r; or (2) if critical p-V-T data are available, then c, may be estimated from these empirical relations
(1)
Here c is in micropoises, pc in atm, Tc in K, and in Vc cm3/g-mole

Pressure and Temperature Dependence of Viscosity Figure-1 can also be used for rough estimation of viscosities of mixtures. For N-component fluids with mole fractions xa the "pseudocritical" properties are:
(2)

That is, one uses the chart exactly as for pure fluids, but with the pseudocritical properties instead of the critical properties. This empirical procedure works reasonably well unless there are chemically dissimilar substances in the mixture or the critical properties of the components differ greatly.
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Pressure and Temperature Dependence of Viscosity Problem: Estimate the viscosity of N2 at 50C and 854 atm, given M = 28.0 g/g-mole, pc = 33.5 atm, and Tc = 126.2 K. Solution: Using Eq. (1), we get

c 7.70 (28 .0)1/ 2 (33 .5) 2 / 3 (126 .2) 1/ 6 = 189 micropoises =189 10-6 poise Reduced temperature and pressure are
273.2 50 Tr 2.56 126.2 854 Pr 25.5 33.5

Pressure and Temperature Dependence of Viscosity From Fig.1, we obtain r = /c= 2.39.

Hence, the predicted value of the viscosity is

= c (/c)=(18910-6)(2.39)=45210-6 poise

The measured value6 is 455l0-6 poise.

This is unusually good agreement

What we have done till today? General introduction to Transport Phenomena Transport Coefficients and their estimation methods Brief study of Newtons law of viscosity, Fourier Law of Thermal Conductivity and Ficks Law of Diffusivity. Introduction to Momentum Transport Convective and Molecular Momentum (class assignment) Equation of Continuity Equation of Motion and its applications Pressure and Temperature Dependence of Viscosity The rest of topics you have to done yourself? Generalization of Newtons law of viscosity Molecular theory of the viscosity of gases at low density Molecular theory of the viscosity of liquids
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Assignment Marks = 04 [=05 for those who have taken Zero marks out of 1 in Surprise Class Test OR absent on that day] Mode: Group assignment (Maximum 05 students in each group) Activity: Pick any research paper from www.sciencedirct.com regarding the above mentioned topics. Make the presentation on the work conducted in research paper. Present your findings with equal contribution of all the students Date of Presentation: Decide yourself and communicate to me on coming Monday
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