Assignment #2

Group Vs. Team

Team A group of people with a full set of

complementary skills required to complete a task, job, or project.

Group - A collection of individuals who

have regular contact and frequent interaction, mutual influence, common feelin g of camaraderie, and who work together to achieve a common set of goals.

What is a GROUP?

What is a Group?
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A cluster, crowd, or throng; an assemblage, either of persons or things, collected without any regular form or arrangement; as, a group of men or of trees; a group of isles.

An assemblage of objects in a certain order or relation, or having some resemblance or common characteristic; as, groups of strata.

Other definitions of Group

- Groups are a fundamental part of social life. As we will see they can be very small - just two people - or very large. They can be highly rewarding to their members and to society as a whole, but there are also significant problems and dangers with them.

Other definitions of Group

- All this makes them an essential focus for research, exploration and action. In this piece I want to examine some of the key definitions of groups that have appeared, review central ways of categorizing groups, explore important dimensions of groups, and look briefly at the group in time.

Other definitions of Group

Kurt Lewin (1948) It is not similarity or dissimilarity of individuals that constitutes a group, but interdependence of fate. Donelson R. Forsyth A group is defined as two or more individuals who are connected to one another by social relationships.

Other definitions of Group

George Homans A number of persons who communicate with one another often over a span of time, and who are few enough so that each person is able to communicate with all the others, not at second-hand, through other people, but face-toface.

Other definitions of Group

Theodore M. Mills They are units composed of two or more persons who come into contact for a purpose and who consider the contact meaningful.

Other definitions of Group

Dorwin Cartwright and Alvin Zander - A collection of individuals who have relations to one another that make them interdependent to some significant degree.

Other definitions of Group

Rupert Brown A group exists when two or more people define themselves as members of it and when its existence is recognized by at least one other.

List of attributes:

A set of people engage in frequent interactions They identify with one another. They are defined by others as a group. They share beliefs, values, and norms about areas of common interest. They define themselves as a group. They come together to work on common tasks and for agreed purposes

Types of groups
1. primary and secondary groups 2. planned and emergent groups

Types of groups
1. Primary and secondary groups Charles Horton Cooley (1909) established the 'primary groups' and 'nucleated groups' (now better known as secondary groups):

Primary groups - are clusters of people like families or close friendship circles where there is close, face-to-face and intimate interaction. There is also often a high level of interdependence between members. Primary groups are also the key means of socialization in society, the main place where attitudes, values and orientations are developed and sustained.

Types of groups

Secondary groups - are those in which members are rarely, if ever, all in direct contact. They are often large and usually formally organized. Trades unions and membership organizations such as the National Trust are examples of these. They are an important place for socialization, but secondary to primary groups.

Types of groups
2. Planned and emergent groups

Planned groups - Planned groups are specifically formed for some purpose either by their members, or by some external individual, group or organization.

Types of groups

Emergent groups - Emergent groups come into being relatively spontaneously where people find themselves together in the same place, or where the same collection of people gradually come to know each other through conversation and interaction over a period of time. (Cartwright and Zander 1968).

Some benefits and dangers of groups

significant sites of socialization and education enabling people to develop a sense of identity and belonging, and to deepen knowledge, skills, and values and attitudes. places where relationships can form and grow, and where people can find help and support. settings where wisdom flourishes. As James Suriwiecki (2004) has argued, it is often the case that 'the many are smarter than the few'.

Some key dimensions of groups

Those engaged in the systematic exploration of group processes and dynamics have used different ways of observing group behaviour and gaining insight into the experience of being part of groups. The forces impacting upon group processes and dynamics are as follows:

Group Group Group Group Group

interdependence structure goals cohesion interaction

Group interaction
Those involved with researching and working with groups have often come at interaction the way in which people engage with and influence each other - from contrasting perspectives.

Task interaction - can be seen as including all group behaviour that is focussed principally on the groups work, projects, plans and goals (Forsyth 2006). Relationship interaction - (or socio-emotional interaction) is centred around the social and interpersonal aspects of group life.

Group Interdependence

As Robert S Baron (2003) have argued it is a basic feature of groups that group members outcomes often depend not only on their own actions, but also on the actions of others in the group. One members feelings, experiences and actions can come to be influenced in whole or in part by others.

Group Structure
1. Group size - An obvious but crucial consideration is the size of the group. Large groups function differently in a number of important respects to smaller groups. Size impacts on group communication, for example. In smaller groups a higher proportion of people are likely to participate there is potential more time for each, and the smaller number of people involved means that speaking may not be as anxiety-making as in a large group.

Group Structure
- Large groups are more likely to include people with a range of skills and this can allow for more specialization of labour. In addition, larger groups can also allow us to feel more anonymous. It will often lead to less task involvement and lower morale on the part of many group members as size increases (Baron 2003).

Group Structure
2. Group norms - Norms are basically rules of conduct that indicate what attitudes and behaviour might be expected or demanded in particular social situations and contexts. They are shared expectations of behaviour that set up what is desirable and appropriate in a particular setting or group.

Group Structure
3. Roles
- The bundle of expectations and attributes linked to a social position can be seen as a role. In groups, people expect certain sorts of behaviour from those they see as the leader, for example. As Johnson and Johnson (2003) have put it, Roles define the formal structure of the group and differentiate one position from another.

Group goals
(Johnson and Johnson 2003) - Group goals are ideals they are the ends (the aims or the outcomes) sought by the group and its members. (Benson 2001) - They entail some sort of joint vision Without some commitment to the pursuit of common goals the group will not survive or be effective.

Group cohesion
- The forces or bonds that bind individuals collectively is fundamental to an appreciation of groups. Forsyth (2006) - Groups are not merely sets of aggregated, independent individuals; instead they are unified social entities. Groups cannot be reduced down to the level of the individual without losing information about the group unit, as a whole.

Group Cohesion

Common fate the extent to which individuals in the aggregate seem to experience the same, or interrelated outcomes.

Similarity the extent to which the individuals display the same behaviours or resemble one another. Proximity the distance among individuals in the aggregate (or group). (described in Forsyth 2006)

Group Development
- Groups change over time. There is a real
sense in which they are living things. They emerge, they exist, and they die. This phenomenon has led to the formulation of a wide range of theoretical models concerning developmental processes.

Group Development

The most influential model of the developmental process - certainly in terms of its impact upon texts aimed at practitioners - has been that of Bruce W. Tuckman (1965). While there are various differences concerning the number of stages and their names - many have adopted a version of Tuckman's model forming, storming, norming and performing.

What is a TEAM?

What is a Team?

Teams differ from other type of groups in that members are focused on a joint goal or product, such as a presentation, completing inclass exercises, taking notes, discussing a topic, writing a report, or creating a new design or prototype.

Etymology
From French groupe (cluster, group), from Italian gruppo, groppo (a knot, heap, group, bag (of money)), of Germanic origin, from Proto-Germanic *kruppaz (lump, round mass, body, crop), from Proto-Indo-European *greub(to crumple, bend, crawl). Cognate with German Kropf (crop, craw, bunch), Old English cropp, croppa (cluster, bunch, sprout, flower, berry, ear of corn, crop), Dutch krop (craw), Old Norse kroppr (hump, bunch). More at crop, croup.

Other definitions of a Team:

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A team is any group of people organized to work together interdependently and cooperatively to meet the needs of their customers by accomplishing a purpose and goals. Teams are created for both long term and short term interaction. A product development team, an executive leadership team, and a departmental team are long lasting planning and operational groups.

Short term teams might include a team to develop an employee on boarding process, a team to plan the annual company party, or a team to respond to a specific customer problem or complaint.

Other definitions of a Team:

(Katzenbach and Smith, 1993) - "A team is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they are mutually accountable."
(MIT Information Services and Technology) - "People working together in a committed way to achieve a common goal or mission. The work is interdependent and team members share responsibility and hold themselves accountable for attaining the results.

Other definitions of a Team:

(Team Technology, 1995-2006) - "A team is a group of people working together towards a common goal.

(Lewis-McClear & Taylor 1998) - "A group in which members work together intensively to achieve a common group goal.

Types Of Teams
1.
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Independent and interdependent teams

Of particular importance is the concept of different types of teams. A distinction is usually drawn between "independent" and "interdependent" teams.

To continue the sports team example, a rugby team is clearly an interdependent team:

no significant task can be accomplished without the help and cooperation of any of the members; within that team members typically specialize in different tasks (running the ball, goal kicking & scrum feeding), and the success of every individual is inextricably bound to the success of the whole team. No rugby player, no matter how talented, has ever won a game by playing alone.

On the other hand, a chess or bowling team is a classic example of an independent team:

matches are played and won, or points are scored, by individuals or partners;
every person performs basically the same actions; how one player performs has no direct effect on the performance of the next player.

Types Of Teams
2. Project teams
- A team used only for a defined period of time and for a separate, concretely definable purpose, often becomes known as a project team. Managers commonly label groups of people as a "team" based on having a common function. Members of these teams might belong to different groups, but receive assignment to activities for the same project, thereby allowing outsiders to view them as a single unit.

Types Of Teams
3. Sports teams - A sports team is a group of people which play a sport together. - Members include all players (even those who are waiting their turn to play) as well as support members such as a team manager or coach.

Types Of Teams
4. Virtual teams
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Developments in communications technologies have seen the emergence of the virtual work team.
A virtual team is a group of people who work interdependently and with shared purpose across space, time, and organization boundaries using technology to communicate and collaborate. Virtual team members can be located across a country or across the world, rarely meet face-to-face, and include members from different cultures

Types Of Teams
5. Interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary teams - Multidisciplinary teams involve several professionals who independently treat various issues a patient may have, focusing on the issues in which they specialize.
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The problems that are being treated may or may not relate to other issues being addressed by individual team members .

Not all groups are teams

Some people also use the word "team" when they mean "employees." A "sales team" is a common example of this loose or perhaps euphemistic usage, though inter dependencies exist in organizations, and a sales team can be let down by poor performance on other parts of the organization upon which sales depend, like delivery, after-sales service, etc.. However "sales staff" is a more precise description of the typical arrangement.

From groups to teams

Groups develop into teams in four stages. The four stages are:
1.

2.
3. 4.

dependency and inclusion counter dependency and fighting trust and structure work

From groups to teams

1. Dependency and Inclusion - In the first stage, group development is characterized by members' dependency on the designated leader.

From groups to teams

2. Counter dependency and fighting - In the second stage, the group seeks to free itself from its dependence on the leader and groups have conflicts about goals and procedures.

From groups to teams

3. Trust and Structure - In the third stage, the group manages to work through the conflicts.
4. Work - And in the last stage, groups focus on team productivity.

Common Types Of Teams

Three common types of teams include: functional or departmental cross-functional self-managing.

1. 2. 3.

Common Types Of Teams

1. Functional or departmental teams - Groups of people from the same work area or department who meet on a regular basis to analyze customer needs, solve problems, provide members with support, promote continuous improvement, and share information.

Common Types Of Teams

2. Cross-functional teams - Groups of people who are pulled together from across departments or job functions to deal with a specific product, issue, customer, problem, or to improve a particular process.

Common Types Of Teams

3. Self-managing teams - Groups of people who gradually assume responsibility for self-direction in all aspects of work.

References

http://www.businessdictionary.com/ definition/team.html#ixzz20MPy2de w http://www.businessdictionary.com/ definition/group.html#ixzz20MQ175 pz

Thats all folks, thank you!

Prepared By: Mendez, Meagan Rose R. BSBA - IIB