In this episode Laszlo examines remarks made by distinguished UCLA Professor of Public Policy Mark Kleiman who had commented on Britain's participation in the Opium War.  The main point was that the cause of the Opium War was due more to protecting imperial tax revenues and the domestic market than trying to stamp out the opium problem. Opium's history in China began centuries before, at least during the Tang and maybe as far back as the Eastern Jin.  The focus of this episode is on opium's history in China prior to the Opium War.   TERMS FROM THIS EPISODE lao pengyou  老朋友   Old friends. Xia Dynasty  夏朝 Shang Dynasty  商朝 Eastern Zhou  东周 Eastern Jin   东晋 Nanfang Caomu Zhuang  南方草木装  Western Jin Scholar Ji Han (嵇含) A Fu Rong 阿芙蓉  Ancient name for opium A Fei Rong 阿肥蓉   Another name for opium He Fu Rong 合甫融  Another name for opium Yapian   鸦片Opium from the Arabic / Persian work afyun Jiu Tang Shu  旧唐书  The Old Book of Tang Chen Cangqi’s Bencao Shiyi  陈藏器，本草拾遗   the Supplement to the Materia Medica Tang Xuanzong  唐玄宗  Tang emperor on duty when the dynasty peaked a second time. Southern Song  南宋  Ying Su 罂粟poppy Su Dongpo    苏东坡  a.k.a. Su Shi  苏轼 Xu Boling  徐伯龄 Wrote in 1483 about opium’s use in China as an aphrodisiac Siku Quanshu  四库全书  The Complete Library of the Four Treasures Qianlong 乾隆帝  The long reigning Qianlong emperor Yongle Emperor   永乐大典  Yongle Encyclopedia Xie Zhaozhe  谢肇淛 lived in late 16th – early 17th century Ming Dynasty China was a prolific writer of books Ming Chenghua  明成化  Ming emperor chunyao  春药  aphrodisiac Li Shízhēn 李時珍 Compendium of Materia Medica, the Bencao Gangmu 本草纲目 - 1578 Tainan  台南  City on south coast of Taiwan Madak  玛达克  Mixture of opium and tobacco Ming Chongzhen  明崇祯  Final Ming emperor, committed suicide when the dynasty fell Wan Li Emperor 明万历  Ming emperor Shisan Ling   十三陵  the Thirteen Ming Tombs just north of Beijing Dingling  定陵  The Wanli Emperor's Tomb, excavated in 1956 Lady Zheng  郑贵妃  Wanli Emperor’s favorite consort Kangxi emperor  康熙  Great and long reigning Qing emperor Yongzheng Emperor   雍正  Successor to the Kangxi emperor Jiajing Emperor  嘉靖  Qing emperor who followed the Qianlong emperor Daoguang emperor  道光   Qing emperor who was on duty when the roof caved in on China da Tu   大土  Patna opium (big soil) xiao tu   小土  Malwa opium (马尔瓦鸦片) (small soil) gong tu   公土   Another name for Malwa opium common soil. Lin Zexu  林则徐  Chinese hero who stood up to Britain Zhang Changjia  张昌甲 wrote a book in 1878 called “Opium Talk”, Yan Hua.  Pu Yi  溥仪  The last Qing emperor Empress Wanrong  婉容皇后  Empress of China’s last emperor Pu Yi Chen Chong  陈冲  Joan Chen Du Yuesheng   杜月笙  Big-Ears Tu Yapian Guan   鸦片馆  An opium house Yan Guan   烟馆  An opium house Ying chou   迎抽 A welcome smoke offered a gues upon arriving at your house Shen Nong  神农   Lu Yu   陆羽     ChineseSkill: Find it at http://www.chinese-skill.com/cs.html Download the free APP and start learning to speak Mandarin like the Pro's!   For more on opium and eroticism in Chinese literature: Keith McMahon http://kmcmahon.faculty.ku.edu// Professor, Chinese Language and Literature East Asian Languages and Cultures University of Kansas  Peter Lee's Opium Culture amazon link Narcotic Culture - A History of Drugs in China