Foreword ixAcknowledgments xi
Introduction:
Recycling Organics at the Community Scale 1
Community-Scale Composting, 2 • What is Compost?, 4 • Defining This Book’s Focus, 5 • Making Waste Management Compatible with Our Food System, 7 • How To Use This Book, 8 • Whose Book Is This?, 10
Chapter One:
Common Models in Community-Scale Composting 11
Model Components, 12 • 10 Common Models, 16
Chapter Two:
Composting Methods and Technologies 35
Turned Windrows, 36 • Bin and Bay Systems, 37 • Aerated Static Pile Composting, 38 • Passively Aerated Static Pile, 39 • In-Vessel Composting, 39 • Vermicomposting, 41 •  Static Pile, 42 • Food Scraps as Animal Feed, and Composting with Animals, 42 •  Compost Heat Recovery, 44 • Anaerobic Digestion, 45 • Food Scrap Dehydrators, 45 •  Pulping and Flushing Equipment, 46 • Community-Scale Food Scrap Collection, 47 • System Compatibility and Comparison, 50
Chapter Three:
The Composting Process 51
Managed versus Non-Managed Systems, 51 • Decomposers’ Basic Needs: Food, Air, Water, and Warmth, 52 • Air, 53 • Temperature, 56 • The Phases of Composting, 58
Chapter Four:
Compost Recipe and Feedstocks 65
Compost Recipe and Feedstock Characteristics, 65 • Moisture Content, 68 • Bulk Density, 73 • Porosity, 77 • Other Key Factors in Compost Recipes and Feedstocks, 79 • Compost Recipe Development, 83 • Feedstocks, 90 • Avoiding and Managing Contamination, 103
Chapter Five:
Processing Capacity and Site Assessment 113
Compost Site Processing Capacity and System Scale, 114 • Compost Site Budgeting and Business Planning, 120 • Finding and Evaluating a Location, 126 • Choosing a Composting Method, 127 • Regulatory Assessment and Compliance, 127
Chapter Six:
Compost Site Infrastructure and Equipment 131
Compost Site Infrastructure Components, 131 • Food Scrap Receiving and Blending Areas, and Equipment, 132 • Drop-Off Areas for Leaves and Yard Debris, 144 • Feedstock Storage and Management, 144 • Active Composting Areas (Primary and Secondary), 149 • Finishing, Curing, and Storing Compost, 155 • Finalizing Site Scale, 159 • Additional Infrastructure, 159 • Compost Site Equipment, 159 • Hacking Equipment, Infrastructure, and Functionality, 164
CONTENTS
 
Chapter Seven:
Bin and Bay Composting Systems 165
Common Applications for Small Bin Composting Systems, 165 • Common Applications for Larger Bay Composting Systems, 167 • Standard Bin and Bay System Design, 167
Chapter Eight:
Turned Windrow Composting Systems 185
Common Applications for Turned Windrow Compost Systems, 185 • Meeting Temperature Requirements, 187 • Pile Turning Methods and Equipment, 187 • Windrows in Space and Time (Planning Your Turned Windrow Operation), 196
Chapter Nine:
Aerated Static Pile Composting Systems 203
Common Applications for ASP, 204 • ASP Benefits and Drawbacks, 204 • ASP System Strategy and Design, 209 • Designing Biofilters, 251 • Building the ASP and Biofilter Manifold, 259 • Testing ASP Design Performance, 261 • ASP Compost Pile Construction, 263 • Managing ASP Composting, 268
Chapter Ten:
In-Vessel Composting Systems 273
Common Applications for In-Vessel Composters, 273 • Benefits, Challenges, and Considerations with In-Vessel, 275 • Common Styles of In-Vessel Composters, 277 • Self-Made In-Vessel Systems, 281 • Commercially Available In-Vessel Systems, 286
Chapter Eleven:
Composting with Animals 287
Common Applications for Composting with Animals, 288 • Safety and Regulation, 291 •  Animal Feed as Highest Use, 292 • Nutritional Value of Food Scraps as Animal Feed, 293 • Systems for Composting with Animals, 294 • Sizing a System for Composting with Chickens, 308
Chapter Twelve:
Food Scrap Generation and Collection 315
 Vertical Integration: Collection and Composting, 315 • Collection Service Area and Scale, 316 • Estimating Generation, Capture, Participation, and Diversion Rates, 318 •  The Act of Collection, 324 • Other Collection Fundamentals, 329 • Collection Equipment, 337 • Generator Training and Education, 347
Chapter Thirteen:
Compost Site Management 349
Compost Operator Training, 349 • Institutionalizing Composting and Compost Best Management Practices, 350 • Sourcing and Capturing Raw Materials, 351 • Compost Recipe Development, 354 • Food Scrap Receiving and Blending, 354 • Pile Formation, 359 •  Compost Pile Monitoring and Management, 360 • Quality Control Standards, 374
Chapter Fourteen:
Compost End Uses and Markets 381
Compost Applications and Benefits, 382 • Compost Marketing and Sales, 391
Appendix A: Compost Systems Overview, Capacity, and Requirement Tables 401Appendix B: Compost Pile Monitoring Logs 414Resources 417Notes 419Index 429
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