HIGH ALTITUDE AERONAUTICAL PLATFORMS (HAAPS)

Abstract

High Altitude Aeronautical Platform Stations (HAAPS) is the name of a technology for providing wireless narrowband and broadband telecommunication services as well as broadcasting services with either airships or aircrafts. The HAAPS are operating at altitudes between 3 to 22 km. A HAAPS shall be able to cover a service area of up to 1'000 km diameter, depending on the minimum elevation angle accepted from the user's location. The platforms may be airplanes or airships (essentially balloons) and may be manned or un-manned with autonomous operation coupled with remote control from the ground. HAAPS mean a solarpowered and unmanned airplane or airship, capable of long endurance on-station possibly several years. A high altitude telecommunication system comprises an airborne platform typically at high atmospheric or stratospheric altitudes with a telecommunications payload, and associated ground station telecommunications equipment. The combination of altitude, payload capability, and power supply capability makes it ideal to serve new and metropolitan areas with advanced telecommunications services such as broadband access and regional broadcasting. The opportunities for applications are virtually unlimited. The possibilities range from narrowband services such as paging and mobile voice to interactive broadband services such as multimedia and video conferencing. For future telecommunications operators such a platform could provide blanket coverage from day one with the added advantage of not being limited to a single service. Where little or unreliable infrastructure exists, traffic could be switched through air via the HAAPS platform. Technically, the concept offers a solution to the propagation and rollout problems of terrestrial infrastructure and capacity and cost problems of satellite networks. Recent developments in digital array antenna technology make it possible to construct 100+ cells from one platform. Linking and switching of traffic between multiple high altitude platforms, satellite networks and terrestrial gateways are also possible. Economically it provides the opportunity for developing countries to have satellite-like infrastructure without the funds flowing out of the country due to gateways and control stations located outside of these countries.

SURFACE CONDUCTION ELECTRON EMITTER DISPLAY

ABSTRACT The SED technology has been developing since 1987. The flat panel display technology that employs surface conduction electron emitters for every individual display pixel can be referred to as the Surface-conduction Electron-emitter Display (SED). Though the technology differs, the basic theory that the emitted electrons can excite a phosphor coating on the display panel seems to be the bottom line for both the SED display technology and the traditional cathode ray tube (CRT) televisions. The main advantage of SEDs compared with LCDs and CRTs is that it can provide with a best mix of both the technologies. The SED can combine the slim form factor of LCDs with the superior contrast ratios, exceptional response time and can give the better picture quality of the CRTs. The SEDs also provides with more brightness, color performance, viewing angles and also consumes very less power. Canon and Toshiba are the two major companies working on SEDs. The technology is still developing and we can expect further breakthrough on the research.

OPTICAL SWITCHING
ABSTRACT Explosive information demand in the internet world is creating enormous needs for capacity expansion in next generation telecommunication networks. Optical networks are widely regarded as the ultimate solution to the bandwidth needs of future communication systems. Optical fibre links deployed between nodes are capable to carry terabits of information but the electronic switching at the nodes limit the bandwidth of a network. Optical switches at the nodes will overcome this limitation. With their improved efficiency and lower costs, Optical switches provide the key to both manage the new capacity Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) links as well as gain a competitive advantage for provision of new band width hungry services. Optical switches will switch a wavelength or an entire fibre form one pathway to another, leaving the data-carrying packets in a signal untouched. There are several methods by which optical switching can be implemented (like MEMS, Bubble switch etc.). A brief look into the different methods of implementing an optical switch and its advantages over electronic switches is taken into account.

MEMS TECHNOLOGY
ABSTRACT The technology, Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS), emerged in the late1980s which enables us to fabricate mechanical parts on the order of microns. Micromachining technology is suitable for developing new transducers or improving existing transducer designs. Due to the dramatic reduction in size, micro transducers can outperform traditional ones by orders of magnitude. Furthermore, MEMS is a fundamental technology which has the potential to influence advancements in many fields. In the automobile, electronics, bio-medical and television industries, MEMS products have already made appreciable impacts.

TRACKING AND POSITIONING OF MOBILE SYSTEMS IN TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS

ABSTRACT Mobile positioning technology has become an important area of research, for emergency as well as for commercial services. Mobile positioning in cellular networks will provide several services such as, locating stolen mobiles, emergency calls, different billing tariffs depending on where the call is originated, and methods to predict the user movement inside a region. The evolution to location-dependent services and applications in wireless systems continues to require the development of more accurate and reliable mobile positioning technologies. The major challenge to accurate location estimation is in creating techniques that yield acceptable performance when the direct path from the transmitter to the receiver is intermittently blocked. This is the NonLine-Of-Sight (NLOS) problem, and it is known to be a major source of error since it systematically causes mobile to appear farther away from the base station (BS) than it actually is, thereby increasing the positioning error. In this paper, we present a simple method for mobile telephone tracking and positioning with high accuracy. Through this we will discuss some technology used for mobile positioning and tracking

HELIODISPLAY
ABSTRACT Heliodisplay is a hi-tech projector that displays pictures in the air. The Heliodisplay is a freespace display developed by I02 Technology. A projector is focused onto a layer of mist in midair, resulting in a two-dimensional display that appears to float. As dark areas of the image may appear invisible, the image may be more realistic than on a projection screen. Heliodisplay can work as a free-space touch screen when connected to a PC by a USB cable. A PC sees the Heliodisplay as a pointing device, like a mouse. With the supplied software installed, one can use a finger, pen, or another object as cursor control and navigate or interact with simple content. No special programming is required as this works like a standard mouse driver. Heliodisplay does not affect the environment as it works using the existing air that is already in the room to create the image. Heliodisplay images hovers 5 cm beside the unit. Heliodisplay is an eco-friendly device, in the sense it uses only plain tap water as a source for erecting a screen for the image to be projected in it. Its a low power consuming device and also compatible with various operating systems available. Heliodisplay works in any controlled indoor lighting, such as the lighting in stores, museums, offices, and lobbies.