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Finite extensions of Q are called algebraic number fields, and the algebraic closure of Q is the field of algebraic numbers.In mathematical analysis, the rational numbers form a dense subset of the real numbers. The real numbers can be constructed from the rational numbers by completion, using Cauchy sequences, Dedekind cuts, or infinite decimals. Terminology:-The term rational in reference to the set Q refers to the fact that a rational number represents a ratio of two integers. In mathematics, the adjective rational often means that the underlying field considered is the field Q of rational numbers. Rational polynomial usually, and most correctly, means a polynomial with rational coefficients, also called a polynomial over the rationals. However, rational function does not mean the underlying field is the rational numbers, and a rational algebraic curve is not an algebraic curve with rational coefficients. Formal construction:-a diagram showing a representation of the equivalent classes of pairs of integers Mathematically we may construct the rational numbers as equivalence classes of ordered pairs of integers (m,n), with n 0. This space of equivalence classes is the quotient space (Z (Z {0})) / , where (m1,n1) (m2,n2) if, and only if, m1n2 m2n1 = 0. We can define addition and multiplication of these pairs with the following rules.and, if m2 0, The equivalence relation (m1,n1) ~ (m2,n2) if, and only if, m1n2 m2n1 = 0 is a congruence relation, i.e. it is compatible with the addition and multiplication defined above, and we may define Q to be the quotient set (Z (Z {0})) / , i.e. we identify two pairs (m1,n1) and (m2,n2) if they are equivalent in the above sense. (This construction can be carried out in any integral domain: see field of fractions.) We denote by [(m1,n1)] the equivalence class containing (m1,n1). If (m1,n1) ~ (m2,n2) then, by definition, (m1,n1) belongs to [(m2,n2)] and (m2,n2) belongs to [(m1,n1)]; in this case we can write [(m1,n1)] = [(m2,n2)]. Given any equivalence class [(m,n)] there are a countably infinite number of representation,The canonical choice for [(m,n)] is chosen so that gcd(m,n) = 1, i.e. m and n share no common factors, i.e. m and n are coprime. For example, we would write [(1,2)] instead of [(2,4)] or [(12,24)], even though [(1,2)] = [(2,4)] = [(12,24)].We can also define a total order on Q. Let be the and-symbol and be the or-symbol. We say that [(m1,n1)] [(m2,n2)]. The integers may be considered to be rational numbers by the embedding that maps m to [(m, 1)].The algebraic closure of Q, i.e. the field of roots of rational polynomials, is the algebraic numbers. Read More About :- Quadrilateral Shapes
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