KPI

An Introduction to Key Performance Indicators

Objectives
KPI Background Type of KPI in BSS Understanding SBS Counters How to Improve BSS KPI

Contents
1. KPI Background 2. General Key Performance Indicators 3. Introduction to SBS NP Counters & Message Flow 4. How to Improve BSS KPI 5. Worst Performing Cell based on BSS KPI 6. Worst Performing Cell based on MSC Internal cell KPI

KPI Background
KPI are established by the operator as a benchmark against which to assess and judge the performance of the network. Which KPI the operator decides to use will depend on:
The nature of the Network Operator assessment of priorities for their business Counters implemented by vendors

KPI are generally based on three sets of data:

Network statistic from OMC Drive test statistic using test mobile equipment (TEMS, etc.) Protocol Analyzer statistics

General Key Performance Indicators

Accessibility
Accessibility is the ability of the user to obtain a service within specified tolerances and under other given conditions. (SDSR, IMMAS SR, ASS SR)

Retainability
Retainability is the ability of the user & network system to keep a service, once it has been accessed, under given conditions for a requested period of time.
(EMD)

Integrity
Integrity indicates the degree to which a service is maintained without major disturbances once it has been accessed. (HOSR)

 SSS - Key Performance Indicators:

Call Completion Rate (CCR) Call Success Rate (CSR) Success Call Rate (SCR) Dropped Call Rate (DCR) Setup Failure Rate (SFR) TCH Assignment Failure Rate Paging Success Rate

detail explained on the other session

 Setup Failure Rate (SFR)

 Dropped Call Rate (DCR)

 Call Success Rate (CSR)

 Call Completion Rate (CCR)

RUMUS BARU CCR : ANSWR / (ANSWR+DROP)

 BSS - Key Performance Indicators:

Immediate Assignment Success Rate Assignment Success Rate Call Success Rate (CSR) Call Completion Rate (CCR) TCH Blocking Rate SDCCH Blocking Rate SDCCH Success Rate Handover Success Rate (BWHCI) Handover Success Rate (HOCMD) TCH Drop Rate Erlang Minute per Drop (EMD)

 Immediate Assignment Success Rate

 Assignment Success Rate

 Call Success Rate (CSR)

 TCH Blocking Rate

Description: This indicator will give you ratio of TCH seizure meeting blocked state over total attempt TCH seizure.

TCH Blocking Rate = AttTchSeizureMeetingBlocked / AttTchSeizure

 SDCCH Blocking Rate

Description: This indicator will give you ratio of SDCCH seizure meeting blocked state over Total attempt SDCCH seizure.

SDCCH Blocking Rate = AttSdcchSeizureMeetingBlocked / AttSdcchSeizure

 SDCCH Success Rate

Description: This indicator will give you figure of successful SDCCH usage including its drop event

SDCCH Success Rate = (NumOfSuccessSDCCHSeizure NumOfLostRadioLinkSDCCH)/

NumOfAttemptSDCCHSeizure

X
Attemp t

Y
IMASS/ESTI N
Blocked+NoSeizur e Succes s

USE D
Droppe d

SDSR = (Y-Z) /X

 Handover Success Rate (BWHCI)

X
Attempt (bwhci)

Y
succes s

HOSR = Y/X

failed: no tch on target, radio reason, etc

 Handover Success Rate (HOCMD)

Description: This indicator will give you figure of successful Handover intercell (intra+inter BSC), start from Handover Command.

SDCCH Success Rate = (SOUINIRH+SUINBHDO) / (AOUINIRH+ATINBHDO)

X
attempt (hocmd)

Y
succes s

HOSR = Y/X

failed: radio reason, etc

 TCH Drop Rate

 Erlang Minute per Drop (EMD)

Description: This indicator will give you figure of average accumulated conversation time in minutes between dropped calls.

EMD = (TCH Traffic * 60) / (TCH Drop + Intercell HO Loss + Intracell HO Loss)
average time

traffic

traffic

traffic

loss connection
EMD = 100 means, every 100 minute in average there is 1 connection get loss.

 Drive test - Key Performance Indicators:

Blocked Call Rate Call Setup Success Rate (CSSR) Dropped Call Rate (DCR) Handover Success Rate (HOSR) Handover per Call Received Level Full (RXLEV FULL, idle mode) Received Quality (RXQUAL) Frame Erasure Rate (FER) Speech Quality Index (SQI)

 Call Setup Success Rate (CSSR)

Call Setup Successful Rate (%) = ((Total number of successful setup)/(Total number of calls attempt))*100 Total number of successful setup = Total number of mobile originating calls that are successfully assigned a traffic channel (TCH). Total number of calls attempt = Total number of times the test mobile attempts to make a mobile originating call.

 Dropped Call Rate (DCR)

Dropped Call Rate, also known as TCH drop rate Dropped Call Rate (%) = ((Call set-up Success) (number of completed calls)) / (Call set-up Success)*100

 Handover Success Rate (HOSR)

Handover Success Rate (%) = ((Total number of successful handovers) / (Total number of handover attempts))*100

Handover per Call

Handover per call = (Total number of Handover success / total number of call setup success)

Introduction to SBS NP Counters & Message Flow

Logical channel Layer3 MSG
Network Element

Counter

 Successful MOC Full Rate (1)

 Successful MOC Full Rate (2)

 Successful MOC Full Rate (3)

 Successful MTC Full Rate (1)

 Successful MTC Full Rate (2)

 Successful MTC Full Rate (3)

 Inter-Cell Intra-BSC Handover Success Rate(1)

 Inter-Cell Intra-BSC Handover Success Rate(2)

EMD = (TCH Traffic * 60) / (TCH Drop + Intercell HO Loss + Intracell HO Loss)

How to Improve BSS KPI

EMD = (TCH Traffic * 60) / (TCH Drop + Intercell HO Loss + Intracell HO Loss)

EMD = (TCH Traffic * 60) / (TCH Drop + Intercell HO Loss + Intracell HO Loss)

Dominant Factor in general radio condition. If excessive indicates bad radio interface quality.

Too many Remote Transcoder Failure, ideally zero. Possible TRAC or CU problem.

SDCCH Success Rate = (NumOfSuccessSDCCHSeizureNumOfLostRadioLinkSDCCH)/NumOfAttemptSDCCHSeizure

SDCCH Success Rate = (NumOfSuccessSDCCHSeizureNumOfLostRadioLinkSDCCH)/NumOfAttemptSDCCHSeizure

1. 2. 3. 4.

Cells on the LAC border will execute many Location Update. It leads to High SDCCH Blocking Rate or event AGCH Over Load. Better cell coverage will improve overlap on the border area. Increasing CELLRESH between BTSs on different LAC area may reduce excessive LUP. 5. Addition of SDCCH must consider TCH Load.

SDCCH Success Rate = (NumOfSuccessSDCCHSeizureNumOfLostRadioLinkSDCCH)/NumOfAttemptSDCCHSeizure

SDCCH Success Rate = (NumOfSuccessSDCCHSeizureNumOfLostRadioLinkSDCCH)/NumOfAttemptSDCCHSeizure

Bad LAC Bordering design causes excessive LUP

Cell-1: LAC=1

Cell-2: LAC=2

Road

SDCCH Success Rate = (NumOfSuccessSDCCHSeizureNumOfLostRadioLinkSDCCH)/NumOfAttemptSDCCHSeizure

Bad cell overlap causes ping-pong in idle mode leads to excessive LUP

Cell-1: LAC=1

Cell-2: LAC=2

Improve cell bordering by means antenna modification!

HOSR = Intercell HO Success / Intercell HO Attempt

HOSR = Intercell HO Success / Intercell HO Attempt

Generally, mobile station flow management in handover can be designed as scenario based on certain target using available handover threshold and other related parameter. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Common HO Problem reason: UQ External interference, adjacent frequency, defective CU, cell dragging DQ Internal/external interference, inter-modulation, defective CU, no dominant server, etc US Cell to MS distance, antenna/connector problem, LNA problem, missing neighbor, etc DS Cell to MS distance, CU power problem, antenna/combiner/connector problem, shadowing, etc DIST Cell to MS distance, reflection, etc BC Bad coverage, wrong margin/layer, etc DIR TCH blocking

HOSR = Intercell HO Success / Intercell HO Attempt

Handover Attempt Distribution

Worst Performing Cell based on BSS KPI

Purpose of Defining WPC is to localize and rectify the common problem of
network into most worst performing cell level so that optimization activity can be done more focus and effective, directly affecting to the overall area performance.
Define a target cluster to be optimized, it can be a certain area with the same clutter, geographic, etc. in roughly. A cluster may be contain some cells in the same BSC area or some BSCs area, etc. For each defined area, derive some important KPI as agreed to Customer into Absolute Value (SDSR, HOSR, TCH Drop Rate) and Ratio Value (SDCCH Loss, HO Loss, TCH Loss, etc) down to cell level. Sort all agreed KPIs in descending (from bad performance to better one) for all cells within defined cluster based on Absolute Value. Choose top-10 WPC list, and start to identify the problem, check related measurement/alarm/drivetest, etc. more detail. Compose Database Change Request and send it to OMC-B Siemens engineer, let them execute the changing. Do continuously Network Monitoring & Evaluation for related cell & cluster.

WPC List Sample Cluster : Surabaya Outer

Worst Performing Cell based on MSC Internal cell KPI

Optimizing network based using WPC list of SSS counter has an advantage since the KPI closed reflecting customer perceived. Main KPI derived from MSC internal cell measurement (USIM) are:
Drop Call Rate (DCR) Setup Failure Rate (SFR) Call Success Rate (CSR) Call Completion Rate (CCR)

Sample of Internal Cell Report:

Thank You