THEORIES OF PERSONALITY

Personality (gum,
• Totality of a person pencils)
• Distinctive, stable pattern • Tend to be
• Characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, verbally
behaviors aggressive
• Makes a person unique ,
Characteristics of Personality argumenta
• Organized and consistent tive,
sarcastic
Sigmund Freud Toilet Training
• Founder of psychoanalysis Parents at • Beg Anal • Sloppy
the child’s • Sweet Expulsive • Disorganiz
• 2 techniques in conducting psychoanalysis:
mercy talk ed
o Free Association
o Dream Analysis • Praise • Generous
2 Types of Dream Content to a fault
• Manifest – consciously remembered Very strict • Punish Anal • Cruel
parents • Humiliat retentive • Destructive
• Latent
Mechanism Involved in Dream Work e • Super
• Condensation clean
• Displacement • Perfectioni
• Symbolism st
• Secondary revision • Dictatorial
• Very
A. TOPOGRAPHICAL MODEL OF THE MIND stubborn
1. Conscious – aware • Stingy
2. Preconscious – readily available for consciousness
if the person concentrates Oedipal Crisis
3. Unconscious – hidden BOY Rejected by Poor sense • Act macho
MOM of self worth • Act as a
B. INSTINT OF DRIVE THEORY Threatened (in terms of ladies’
• Drives or instinct  BEHAVIOR by a very sexuality) man
o Referred to as life instincts masculine
• Instincts or drive: motivational forces Dad
o Libido – sexual component (“I desire”) GIRL Rejected by Poor sense • Wall-
o Ego – non-sexual component DAD of self worth flower
Threatened (in terms of • HYPER
o Aggressin – aim: destruction
by a very sexuality) feminine
o Life and death instincts – Eros vs.
feminine BELLE
Thanatos mom
BOY Not rejected Develop • Effeminate
C. STRUCTURAL MODEL
by MOM opinion of • No cause
1. Id – primitive; for pleasure; unconscious
himself to identify
2. Ego – reality
3. Superego – after the phallic stage; moral and with the
idealistic; conscience rules father
GIRL Not rejected Daddy’s • Vain
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES by DAD little • Self-
Mom princess centered
AREA OF THE PLEASURE relegated to • Masculine
SKIN a servant
Infant Mouth Sucking
1-3 y/o Anus Holding/letting go EGO AND MASTERY DEVELOPMENT
3-4 y/o Genitalia Touching/rubbing Personal Identity
Puberty, Genitalia Sexual intercourse Failure to resolve adolescent issues  id diffusion or
Adolescence, role confusion
Young Adult • No sense of self
• Confusion about their place in the
world
Weaning
1st 8 Early Oral-passive • Dependent DEFENSE MECHANISM - cope with anxiety
months weaning  • Retain • Denial – blocking external events from awareness
frustrated in interest in • Distortion - grossly reshaping external reality to
sucking ORAL suit inner needs
gratificatio
• Projection – “displacement outward”
n
o Tendency to seek your own unacceptable
5-8 “Teething” Oral- • Life long
desires to other people
months  bite on aggressive desire to
anything bite on
things
Immature Trust vs. Mistrust
• Acting Out – expressing an unconscious Parents Infants
wish/impulse into action Reliable, Trust Maladaptation
• Blocking – temporarily inhibiting thinking adequate
• Hypochondriasis – preoccupation with the fear of Unreliable, Mistrust Apprehensiv Malignancy:
contracting or the belief of having a serious inadequat e and • Depressio
disease e suspicious n
• Introjection – “identification personality” • Paranoia
o Taking into your own the characteristics • Psychosis
of someone else
• Passive-Aggressive – expressing aggression Autonomy vs. Shame
towards other indirectly Parents Child
o Eg. Abused wives Allow child to Autonomy Develop Maladaptation
• Progression – reversion to immature patterns of explore and self- Impulsiveness
behavior manipulate control
• Schizoid Fantasy – autistic retreat to resolve environment and self-
conflict or obtain gratification esteem
• Somatization – manifest emotional and anxiety Does NOT Shame and Thinks Malignancy
into physical symptoms allow child Doubt can’t Compulsivenes
stand s
Neurotic alone Perfectionist
• Controlling – manage or regulate events to Laugh at Follow rules
minimize conflicts mistakes regularly
• Displacement – redirection of an impulse over a • Willpower and Determination
sub target
• Externalization – perceiving in the external world
elements of one’s own personality
• Inhibition – consciously renounce some ego
functions Initiative vs. Guilt
• Intellectualization – excessively using intellectual Parents Child
process to avoid affective expressional experience Encourage Initiative Take Maladaptation
• Isolation – involves stripping the emotion from a child to try responsibilitie Ruthlessness
difficult memory or threatening impulse out new s May step on
ideas to Learn new others shoes
• Rationalization – cognitive distortion of “the facts”
grow up things in order to
to make an event/impulse less threatening
reach goal
• Dissociation – temporarily but not drastically
Harsh and Guilt Capacity for Malignancy
modifying a person’s character abrupt moral Inhibition
• Reaction Formation – behave in a way that is process judgement Will not try
opposite of one’s true feelings things
• Repression – expel/withhold painful or conflictual • Courage
thought, impulse, or memory from awareness
• Sexualization – endowing an object/function with Industry vs. Inferiority
sexual significance Parent/Commun Child
ity
Mature Parents Industry Pleasure in Maladaptatio
• Altruism – fulfill own needs vicariously through encourage planning n
other people Teachers care and carrying Narrow
• Anticipation – realistically planning for future inner Peers must out the plan virtuosity
discomfort accept Children not
• Ascetism – renunciation of needs allowed to
o Ex: monks be children
• Humor – use of comedy Harsh teachers Inferiorit Sense of Malignancy
• Sublimation – transforming an unacceptable Rejecting peers y incompeten
impulse to socially acceptable and productive ce
form • Competency
• Suppression – conscious process of putting
thoughts into the preconscious Identity vs. Role Confusion
Parent/Society Child
ERIKSON Ego Know who Maladaptation
• Epigenetic Principle – develop through a Id you are Fanaticism
predetermined unfolding of our personalities in 8 and how
staegs you’ll fit
• Stages: into
o Task - balamce society
o Time – optimal Role Identity Malignancy
confusion crisis Repudiation
o Management – well: virtue
• Fidelity
 Not so well: maladpations
malignancies (+/-)
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Clear sense of Intimacy Clear Maladaptation
who you are sense of Promiscuity
who you
are (?)
Modern life Isolation Malignancy
Prevent
development
of intimate
relationships
• Love

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Generativity Concern for Maladaptation
next Over extension
generation
Raising
children
Stagnation Self- Malignancy
absorption Rejectivity
Caring for no
one
• Care

Integrity vs. Despair

Sense of Ego Detach from Maladaptation
usefulness integrity society
Retire from
work
Biological Despair Preoccupation Malignancy
uselessness with past Disdain