TURKISH STATE METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE

TURKISH WIND ATLAS

TURKISH WIND ATLAS

Cihan DUNDAR & Nezihe AKGUN, State Meteorological Service Mustafa CANBAZ & Gurkan URAL, General Directorate of Electrical Power Resources Survey and Development Administration

There have been several methods for the estimation of wind potentials. Turkish Wind Atlas was prepared by using WAsP (Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program) model used for European Wind Atlas. In this study, onsite surveys have been done for 96 meteorological stations, distributed homogeneously over Turkey, and 45 of these stations were used for the preparation of the Atlas. Turkish Wind Atlas was prepared and published by State Meteorological Services and Electrical Power Resources Survey and Development Administration in 2002.

Calculation of Wind Potentials with WAsP

WAsP model requires 4 different parameters for the calculation of wind resources. These parameters are; i. ii. hourly wind data, roughness of the terrain, iii. obstacle information, iv. topography of the region.

This model has some sub-models for the calculation of the environmental effects on observed wind data such as the effects of obstacles, roughness and orography.

Data
Wind data used in this study were measured hourly at the State Meteorological Observation Stations between the years 1989 and 1998. These measurements have been obtained at 10 m above ground level. The data measured at different height are extrapolated to 10 m by WAsP. The obstacles around the measurement point were defined by onsite surveys for all stations. The orography and the roughness information for the selected regions were obtained by using topographical maps.

Meteorological stations used in Turkish Wind Atlas

Afyon Ar Akaabat Akakoca Amasra Ardahan Bandrma Bergama Bozcaada Bursa Cihanbeyli anakkale orum Dalaman Diyarbakr Elaz Erzincan Erzurum Etimesgut Gnen Gney Idr psala Kangal Karapnar Karata Kayseri Kozan Kuadas Malatya Mardin Mu Ordu Pazar Pnarba Polatl Samsun Seydiehir Siirt Silifke Sinop Siverek Suehri ile Van

CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS

Calculations were made by using WAsP program and also by the appropriate computer programs. The results of the calculations consist of three pages for each station. In this brochure, some results of Gnen station is shown as a sample. The station description and the raw data summary are shown at the first page of the results. Name of the station, geographical and UTM coordinates and altitude of the station are defined at the upper part of page. Raw wind data description, daily and annual variation of wind speed and the variation of wind speed in the measurement period are illustrated in the tables in that page. The second page of the results consists of the estimated wind atlas tables. The wind atlas tables show the calculated Weibull A and k parameters for 12 sectors, 5 heights and 4 roughness classes. In addition, the sectorwise distribution of wind speed is given in per cent for each roughness class. The Weibull A parameter is given in m/s. The last table in the bottom of this page includes the estimated mean wind speed and mean power. This table illustrates the calculated mean wind speed (m/s) and the mean power of the wind (W/m2) for each of the five standard heights and four roughness classes. These results are calculated by using the Weibull parameters of the wind atlas tables. The third page of the statistics includes the graphical presentation of wind data. The first part states the name of the meteorological station, height of anemograf from ground level, the mean wind speed, standard deviation and the mean value of the cubes of the measured wind speeds. The mean year, the mean days, the time series graphs and the wind rose are showed at that page.

CONCLUSION
According to the classification done by European Wind Energy Association (EWEA), the wind categories are indicated below (Garrad, 1991): fairly good good very good (6.5 m/s, 300 400 W/m2) (7.5 m/s, 500 600 W/m2) (8.5 m/s, 700 800 W/m2)

Another classification done based on the wind energy densities is as (Ambrosini et al., 1992); fair (P, W/m2 < 100) good (300 P, W/m2 < 700) fairly good very good (100 P, W/m2 < 300) (P, W/m2 700)

Since the hub heights of wind turbines are generally between 45-50 m, there are many suitable sites especially in coastal areas of Turkey for electricity production from wind energy.

TURKISH WIND ATLAS

Gnen
40 06' 53'' N 27 38' 35'' E UTM E 554805 m N 4440760 m h : 37 m

Table 1. Sectorwise distribution of the raw wind data. Height of anemograf Sect. Freq. 0 12.3 30 24.1 6.8 60 2.2 90 3.5 120 3.4 150 6.5 180 210 17.6 4.4 240 1.9 270 7.6 300 9.7 330 Total 100.0 <1
169 158 222 339 496 568 507 465 528 665 512 234

: 10 m 3
179 159 167 145 111 62 75 79 89 62 110 177

Period : 01011989 31121998 5 6 7 8 9 11 13 15 17 >17

1 1 2 0 0 2 3 10 2 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2
191 191 236 317 319 259 236 207 171 139 189 234

4
168 151 134 75 47 35 61 65 75 59 78 142

A
3.4 3.7 3.0 1.9 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.0 1.6 2.9

k
1.81 1.85 1.52 1.14 1.28 0.86 0.90 0.88 0.95 0.77 1.03 1.54

134 92 43 139 111 61 104 79 39 55 42 20 20 7 1 28 20 13 44 37 23 59 49 32 61 35 23 29 22 15 56 34 15 110 62 28

16 5 23 5 12 4 8 0 0 0 8 5 9 6 18 11 12 4 3 4 5 1 9 3

330 211 130 110 91 67 36

14

0 2.6 1.27

Table 2. Monthly mean wind speeds in the measurement period. Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. 2.9 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.5 1989 2.3 3.0 2.3 1.6 2.0 1.9 1990 1.9 2.3 2.0 2.2 1.6 1.7 1991 2.7 2.0 2.2 2.9 2.2 2.5 2.1 1992 3.1 2.4 2.7 1.7 2.2 1993 2.9 2.7 3.2 2.5 1.9 2.3 1994 2.2 3.3 2.9 3.1 2.0 2.8 1.8 1995 2.9 2.9 1.9 1.8 2.6 1996 2.3 2.3 2.8 2.8 2.4 1.9 1997 2.3 1.6 2.0 2.8 2.4 1.8 2.0 1998 Mean 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.2 2.1 2.0 Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean 3.2 2.6 2.0 2.3 1.8 2.1 2.3 3.2 3.4 1.7 2.1 2.3 1.6 2.3 2.5 3.0 2.0 1.7 2.0 3.2 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.1 2.8 2.5 2.5 3.0 2.1 1.9 2.4 2.5 2.5 3.2 2.6 2.2 1.8 2.4 2.1 2.4 3.2 2.6 1.9 2.6 2.3 3.1 2.6 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.8 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.6 1.3 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.8 2.1 1.7 2.1 3.1 2.2 2.8 2.8 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.6 2.4

Table 3. Estimated mean wind speed (m/s) and the mean power of the wind (W/m2) for the five standard heights.
z (m) 10 25 50 100 200 Class 0 m/s W/m2 5.9 381 6.4 481 6.8 567 7.4 723 8.0 972 Class 1 m/s W/m2 4.2 163 4.9 250 5.6 330 6.5 461 7.7 816 Class 2 m/s W/m2 3.6 108 4.4 183 5.1 257 6.0 361 7.2 631 Class 3 m/s W/m2 2.8 52 3.7 109 4.4 170 5.3 252 6.3 428

Gnen

References
Ambrosini, G., Benato, B., Garavaso, C., Botta, G., Cenerini, M., Comand, D. and Stork, C. 1992. Wind energy potential in Emilia Romagna, Italy, J. of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 39, 211-220. Dundar C., Canbaz M., Akgun N., Ural G., 2002. Turkish Wind Atlas, State Meteorological Services and Electrical Power Resources Survey and Development Administration, June 2002, Ankara. Garrad, A. 1991. Wind Energy in Europe: A plan of Action, Summary report of Wind Energy in Europe - Time for Action, The European Wind Energy Association. Mortensen, N. G., Landberg, L., Troen, I. and Petersen, E. L. 1993. Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP), Vol. 1: Getting Started, Riso National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark. Troen, I. and Petersen, E. L. 1989. European Wind Atlas, Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General for Science, Brussels, Belgium. << http://www.ewea.org>> << http://www.neg-micon.dk>>

TURKISH STATE METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE P.O. Box 401 Ankara - TURKEY Tel : + 90.312.359 75 45 Fax : + 90.312.359 34 30 www.meteor.gov.tr