Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Physics and Arts Summer Institute 2010 Derek Robins August 4, 2010
Table of Contents
Introduction Unification of Forces Size and Scale Standard Model Summary Standard Model Particles and Force Carriers About Mass and Energy Standard Model Fermions: Generations and Masses Summary of Fundamental Forces Standard Model Interactions Summary of Standard Model Particles and Force Interactions (Illustration) The Higgs Boson in Context How the Higgs Mechanism WorksEinstein Analogy How the Higgs Mechanism Works (continued) Why Do We Need the Higgs? Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking Analogies The Higgs and the Big Bang Big Bang Timeline Predicted Mass of the Higgs Boson Will the Higgs Boson be Detected? Will the Higgs Boson be Detected? (continued)
Introduction
The Higgs Boson is a theoretical elementary, subatomic particle predicted to exist by the Standard Model of particle physics. It is the only Standard Model (SM) particle that has not yet been observed. Dubbed the God particle by Nobel Prize winning physicist Leon Lederman, the Higgs is thought to impart mass to all other particles in the universe. The Higgs particle is named after the British theorist Peter Higgs who along with Robert Brout and Franois Englert theorized its existence in 1964. The search for the Higgs remains one of the most important objectives of research in elementary particle physics today. Since the current way to test particle physics theories is experiments in particle accelerators (colliders), one of the main goals of the worlds newest and most powerful particle accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN on the Franco-Swiss Border, is to detect the Higgs particle. At the same time, the Tevatron at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) in Batavia, Illinois wants to discover the Higgs first.
Source:CERN
1 eV = 1.610-19 J 1 eV = kinetic energy gained by an electron when it accelerates through an electrostatic potential of 1 volt Typical measures of mass and energy in particle physics are expressed in MeV, GeV, and TeV Mega electron volt =106eV =1 MeV Giga electron volt =109eV=1 GeV Tera electron volt =1012eV =1 TeV
1.
2.
3. Followers cluster and 3. surround Einstein as this group of people forms a Source: David Miller massive object. (University College London)
Source: CERN
Source: CERN