HlST0RY 0F 0SH HlST0RY 0F 0SH HlST0RY 0F 0SH HlST0RY 0F 0SH- -- -lv lv lv lv- -- -TR TR TR TR

Tle DSM-IV-TR is ile pioduci of ieseaicl 8 evoluiion of foui decades, involving incieasing
iefinemeni 8 piecision in ile ideniificaiion and desciipiion of menial disoideis. Tle DSM-I
appeaied in iq: and was laigely an ouigiowil of aiiempis io siandaidize diagnosiic piaciices in
coping wiil ile wide spiead menial biealdowns occuiiing among miliiaiy peisonnel in WW-II.
Tle DSM-I lad no empiiical basis foi iis diagnosiic ciiieiia and ilus iis validiiy was in quesiion.

Tle DSM-II of iq6S ieflecied ile addiiional insiglis acquiied fiom a mailedly expanded posi wai
ieseaicl effoii in menial lealil sponsoied by ile fedeial goveinmeni. Lile ile DSM-I ile DSM-II
lad no empiiical basis and ile vaiious iypes of disoideis ideniified weie wiiiien in a naiiaiive
foim and sucl ieims ilai pioved io vague foi menial lealil piofessionals io agiee on ileii
meaning. Tlus, ileie was a seiious bieacl of ieliabiliiy and iwo piofessionals examining ile same
peison migli come up wiil iwo compleiely diffeieni diagnosis.

To addiess ilis clinical and scieniific pioblem, ile DSM-III if iqSo iniioduced a iadically diffeieni
appioacl iniended iowaids ile iemoval of ile elemeni of subjeciive judgmeni fiom ile diagnosiic
piocess as fai as possible. Lile ile piioi :, ile DSM-III lave paiagiapls bui, foi ile fiisi iime
diagnosiic caiegoiies weie included foi ile diseases. Tlis innovaiion meani ilai ile DSM sysiem
would ileieafiei specify ile exaci obseivaiion ilai musi be made foi a given diagnosiic label io be
applied. Tle new appioacl, coniinued in DSM-III's ievised veision of iqSy (DSM-III-R) and ile
cuiieni veision of DSM-IV-TR almosi necessaiily enlanced diagnosiic ieliabiliiy.
Tle lasi majoi ievision was ile fouiil ediiion (DSM-IV), publisled in iqq(, alilougl a iexi
ievision was pioduced in :ooo. Tle fifil ediiion (DSM-V) is cuiienily in consuliaiion, planning
and piepaiaiion, due foi publicaiion in May :oi:.
Refeience:

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DSM-V: Tle Fuiuie Manual

liip:]]en.wilipedia.oig]wili]Diagnosiic_and_Siaiisiical_Manual_of_Menial_Disoideis=ciie_noie-
DSM-V:_Tle_Fuiuie_Manual-o

C0HPARF At0 C0tTRAST FTwFFt THF 0SH C0HPARF At0 C0tTRAST FTwFFt THF 0SH C0HPARF At0 C0tTRAST FTwFFt THF 0SH C0HPARF At0 C0tTRAST FTwFFt THF 0SH- -- -lv lv lv lv- -- -TR At0 THF lC0 10. TR At0 THF lC0 10. TR At0 THF lC0 10. TR At0 THF lC0 10.

Tle DSM-IV-TR and ile ICD io can be said io be ile ieceni mosi iesuli of ile long developmenial
lisioiy of psycliaiiic classificaiion, beginning wiil ile diagnosiic sclemes of iailei a few famous
psycliaiiisis, and culminaiing ioday in a consensus by many naiional and inieinaiional expeiis.
Tlougl ile iwo classificaiions aciually lave ile same sei of goals and ideals, iley diffei fiom eacl
oilei ai some veiy significani poinis. A few of sucl diffeiences aie as follows:
i) Tle DSM was fiisi publisled in iq:, by ile Ameiican Psycliaiiic Associaiion, followed by
a ievision, DSM-II in iq6S. Tlese iwo veisions of ile DSM lad no empiiical basis and ilus
ile validiiy was in quesiion. Tle DSM-III came inio being in iqSo. Foi ile fiisi iime DSM
slowed a caiegoiical appioacl as ile diseases weie caiegoiized in a mulii axial sysiem. Tle
lasi majoi ievision was ile fouiil ediiion (DSM-IV), publisled in iqq(, alilougl a iexi
ievision was pioduced in :ooo. Tle fifil ediiion (DSM-V) is cuiienily in consuliaiion,
planning and piepaiaiion, due foi publicaiion in May :oi:.
|ij

Tle fiisi Inieinaiional Siaiisiical Congiess leld in Biussels in iS commissioned ile
Englislman William Faii and ile Iialian Maic d' Espine io piepaie a "unifoim
nomenclaiuie of causes of deail applicable io all couniiies" as a way io obiain compaiable
lealil siaius infoimaiion acioss ile woild. }acques Beiiillon of Paiis piepaied ile Fiisi
Inieinaiional Classificaiion of Causes of Deail adopied ai ile Inieinaiional Siaiisiical
Congiess of iSq. In iq(S, ile Woild Healil Oiganizaiion (WHO) assumed ile
iesponsibiliiy foi ievising ile Inieinaiional Lisi of Causes of Deail and ilai lad been
ievised eveiy io oi :o yeais since iis iecepiion in iqoo.

Tle sixil ievision was ienamed ile Manual of ile Inieinaiional Classificaiion of Diseases
and Causes of Deail (ICD 6) and coniinued foi ile fiisi iime as classificaiion of menial
disoideis. Tle menial disoidei seciion of ile ICD y wlicl appeaied in iq was ideniical io
ilai of ICD 6. Tle ICD S was appioved by ile WHO in iq66 and became effeciive in iq6S.
Till ile ICD S, ileie was an absence of an inieinaiionally accepied glossaiy. Tlis diawbacl
was deali wiil in ile ICD q wlicl was publisled wiil a glossaiy in iqy, and was effeciive
in iqyS. Tle ICD io came in iqq:, ii is lnown as ile Inieinaiional Siaiisiical Classificaiion
of Diseases and Relaied Healil Pioblems.

:) Tle iwo classificaiions diffei in ileii languages as well. Wlile ile ICD is available in neaily
all widely spolen languages; ile DSM is available only in Englisl.

) Tle DSM uses a mulii axial sysiem of classificaiion. Ii las axes, denoied as Axis I - Axis V;
wlile ICD las a single axial classificaiion; ii incoipoiaies all ile disoideis in one axis.

() Tle DSM uses only piovisional and diffeieniial diagnosis; wlile ile ICD uses confiimed,
piovisional and ieniaiive diagnosis.

) Tle DSM uses numeiic codes, lile,
iy Mild menial ieiaidaiion
iS.o Modeiaie menial ieiaidaiion
iS.i Seveie menial ieiaidaiion
iS.: Piofound menial ieiaidaiion
iq Menial ieiaidaiion, seveiiiy unspecified
Wlile ICD uses ile alplanumeiic codes lile ----

F:o.o paianoid sclizoplienia
F:o.i lebeplienic sclizoplienia
F:o.: caiaionic sclizoplienia
F:o. undiffeieniiaied sclizoplienia
F:o.( posi sclizoplienic depiession
F:o. iesidual sclizoplienia
F:o.6 simple sclizoplienia
F:o.S oilei sclizoplienia
F:o.q sclizoplienia, unspecified

6) Tle DSM uses dimensional appioacl of classificaiion, ie, ii defines eacl disoidei in iis
degiees; wlile ile ICD uses ile caiegoiical appioacl, ie, ii defines ile vaiious sub iypes of
eacl disoidei.

Refeience:

liip:]]en.wilipedia.oig]wili]Diagnosiic_and_Siaiisiical_Manual_of_Menial_Disoideis=ciie_noie-
DSM-V:_Tle_Fuiuie_Manual-o

^

DSM-V: Tle Fuiuie Manual

liip:]]en.wilipedia.oig]wili]DSM-IV_Codes