Answer the following questions: 1. What is process control?

Process Control is the active changing of the process based on the results of process monitoring. Once the process monitoring tools have detected an out-of-control situation, the person responsible for the process makes a change to bring the process back in control. 2. Give some advantages and industrial applications of process control. Advantages commonly attributed to automation include higher production rates and increased productivity, more efficient use of materials, better product quality, improved safety, shorter workweeks for labour, and reduced factory lead times. Some Industrial applications of Process Control include Water Treatment, Industrial Odor Removal, Shale Gas Industry and Industrial Fumigation. 3. What are the functions of the following elements: Sensor, Controller, Actuator, Transducer, Servo & Solenoid valves? Sensor - a transducer that converts a physical stimulus from one form into a more useful form to measure the stimulus Controller is a device that receives data from a measurement instrument, compares that data to a programmed set point, and, if necessary, signals a control element to take corrective action Actuator part of a final control device that causes a physical change in the final control device when signaled to do so; this converts a controller command signal into a change in a physical parameter Transducer is a device that translates a mechanical signal into an electrical signal Servo also called as servomechanism; a device used to provide mechanical control at a distance Solenoid valves - an electromechanical device used for controlling liquid or gas flow 4. Discuss and give the schematic diagrams of the different types of control systems (e.g. feedback, feedforward). In feedback control, the variable being controlled is measured and compared with a target value. This difference between the actual and desired value is called the error. Feedback control manipulates an input to the system to minimize this error.

Feedforward is a control scheme to take advantage of disturbance signals. If a process has a significant measurable disturbance, a feedforward controller can be uses to reduce its effect

before the feedback loop takes corrective action. A good feedforward controller can economically improve the control system performance.

5. What is a Process Flow Diagram (PFD) and Block Flow Diagram (BFD)? A Process Flow Diagram (PFD) shows the relationships between the major components in the system. PFD also tabulate process design values for the components in different operating modes, typical minimum, normal and maximum. A PFD does not show minor components, piping systems, piping ratings and designations. On the other hand, Block Flow Diagram (BFD) is used as a schematic illustration of the major processes. The block or rectangles used represent a unit operation. The blocks are connected by straight lines which represent the process flow streams which flow between the units. These process flow streams may be mixtures of liquids, gases and solids flowing in pipes or ducts, or solids being carried on a conveyor belt. 6. Give the different elements and symbols used in a Piping/Process and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID).

7. Enumerate the steps in creating an Instrument Flow Sheet. These are the steps in creating an Instrument Flow Sheet 1. Identify the process 2. Define the control objectives 3. Create a process flow diagram 4. Identify the equipment and process lines 5. Determine the instrument and connecting lines 6. Use of standard symbols like ISA codes to identify instrument and functions Sources: E-Handbook of Statistical Methods. Retrieved June 14, 2012, from http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook Process Control Fundamentals. Retrieved June 14, 2012, from http://www.pacontrol.com/download/Process%20Control%20Fundamentals.pdf Designing a Process Flowsheet. Retrieved June 14, 2012, from http://coade.typepad.com/coadeinsider/2009/06/CEP-May-09-Piping-and-InstrumentDiagrams-COADE.pdf Process Diagram Instrumentation. Retrieved June 14, 2012, from http://www.scribd.com/doc/27620252/PID-Lecture http://www.tigg.com/industrial-process-solutions.html http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/pfd-process-flow-diagram-d_465.html http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/bfd-block-flow-diagram-d_467.html http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/44912/automation/24865/Advantagesand disadvantages-of-automation