1. An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis of a Hydrilla sp. Sprig.

The following steps were carried out. Step 1 : 50ml of 2% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was placed in a boiling tube. Step 2 ; A Hydrilla sp. Sprig was immersed in the sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. Step 3 : A light source from a 60W bulb was placed at a distance of 60 cm from the light source. Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up used in this experiment.

Diagram 1

(a) List all the materials and apparatus labeled in Diagram 1. Materials Apparatus 1. 2% sodium hydrogen carbonate 1. 60 W bulb solution 2. Ruler 2. Hydrilla sp. 3. Boiling tube 4. Paper clip 5. Retort stand [3m] * Very important mat & app. Materials & Apparatus 2M + 5A 2M + 3-4A 1M + 1-2A Score 3 2 1

(b) Record the total number of bubbles released in 5 minutes in the boxes provided.

Table 1 Distance (cm) 60 50 40 30 Total no. of bubbles in 5 min 10 12 15 20 [3m]

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(c) (i) State two different observations made from Table 2. Ob 1 : At a distance of 60 cm, the total number of bubbles released is 10. Ob 2 : At a distance of 30 cm, the total number of bubbles released is 20. (ii) State the inferences which corresponds to the observations in (c) (i). In 1 : At a distance of 60 cm, the rate of photosynthesis is low/less. In 2 : At a distance of 30 cm, the rate of photosynthesis is high/more. (d) Variables Variable Manipulated : Distance between light source and Hydrilla sp. Responding : i) Total number of bubbles released in 5 minutes or ii) Rate of photosynthesis Method to handle Carry out experiment at various distance of 60 cm, 50 cm, 40 cm and 30 cm [3m]

Count and record the total number of bubbles released in 5 minutes using a stopwatch. Use formula to calculate the rate of photosynthesis . Rate of photosyn = No. of bubbles per min Time taken

Constant : i) Time taken to count total number of bubbles released ii) Type of plant iii) Size of Hydrilla sp. iv) Concentration of sodium hydrogen carbonate solution

Fix time at 5 minutes

Use Hydrilla plant Use the same piece of Hydrilla sp. Use 2% of sodium hydrogen carbonate solution

[3m] (e) Hypothesis (relate MV and RV)

As the light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases. As the distance between the light source and Hydrilla sp. Decreases, the total number of bubbles released increases. [3m] (f) (i) Construct a table and record data. 3 titles with unit - 1m Record all data correctly - 1m Calculate and record light intensity correctly - 1m

Distance between light source and Hydrilla sp. (cm) 60 50 40 30

Number of bubbles released in 5 minutes 10 12 15 20

Light intensity (cm-1) 0.017 0.020 0.025 0.033 [3m]

(ii) Draw graph of the total number of bubbles against the light intensity. A : Correct title with unit on x-axis and y-axis and uniform scale P : All points plotted correctly S : Able to join all points to form a smooth graph - 1m - 1m - 1m

(g) Explain relationship between total number of bubbles and the light intensity. P1 : As light intensity increases, the total no. of bubbles increases - 1m P2 : rate of photosynthesis increases - 1m P3 : more gas/oxygen is produced - 1m (h) The experiment is repeated using 2 sprigs of Hydrilla sp. Predict the total number of bubbles in 5 minutes by these 2 sprigs of Hydrilla sp. Explain your prediction. P1 : total number of bubbles released increases P2 : more leaves/more chlorophyll P3 : the rate of photosynthesis increases - 1m - 1m - 1m

(i) Based on the result, what can be deduced about photosynthesis? P1 : Hydrilla sp. in sodium hydrogen carbonate solution P2 : produce bubbles P3 : influenced by light intensity 2. Anaerobic respiration is the - 1m - 1m - 1m

Design a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of anaerobic respiration in yeast. Problem statement : What is the effect of temperature on the rate of anaerobic respiration? Aim : To study the effect of temperature on the rate of anaerobic respiration Hypothesis : The higher the temperature, the higher the rate of anaerobic respiration. Variables : Manipulated : temperature Responding : rate of anaerobic respiration Fixed : volume of glucose solution Materials and apparatus : Boiling tube, manometer, rubber tubing, clip, glass tube, rubber stopper, measuring cylinder, marker pen, ruler, paraffin oil, coloured liquid, 5% glucose solution, yeast Technique : Measure and record the increase of height of coloured liquid in the manometer by using a ruler. Diagram :

b Procedures : 1. 2. 3. 4. Data : Conclusion : The higher the temperature, the higher the rate of anaerobic respiration Set the apparatus as the diagram above. Fill in 10 ml of 5% glucose solution into a boiling tube. Fix the glass tube into the boiling tube with a rubber stopper. Fill the manometer with coloured liquid.