Legazpi City High School Bitano, Legazpi City S.Y.

2011-2012

WHEEL OF TRIGONOMETRIC VALUES

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Math IV

By: VICERA, Jay-Ro VILLANUEVA, Jude Ivan SEVILLA, Sherlene TOLARBA, Lexzyrie Sybelle

IV-Shakespeare

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Mathematics is considered as one of the difficult subjects especially in secondary level. Students usually encounter difficulties on the lessons. Trigonometry is the branch of mathematics which is being taken up by the 4th Year High School Students. Trigonometry is the summary of all the Maths combined together, arithmetic, algebra and geometry. It is originated from the Greek word meaning triangle measure. Trigonometry has many topics for the students to take up. One of which is the values of six trigonometric function (sine, cosine, tangent, cosecant, secant, cotangent). To find the values of trigonometric function, we must have a strong foundation on finding the reference angle which is the first step to find the values of trigonometric function. One must also familiarize the quadrants of the unit circle and the angles and radian measures which each quadrant corresponds. We also have the formula for finding the reference angle. Formula which enable the students to find reference angle easier. After identifying the reference angle, we can now draw a triangle having the reference angle youve find and solve for the measures of two other sides of the triangle by using the trigonometric function using the formula then find the value of the

But learning and memorizing all these formula as well as theorems to use can be a great effort on the students part provided that these formula and theorems might scramble up in their minds and lead to misconception and confusion. Worse, they might not try to recall these all and forget them completely and will not find the values of the given trigonometric function. In connection with these problem, our group have made a solution that will aid everyone in remembering and knowing the values on the trigonometric function given their angle and radian measures. Wheel of function is a device specially designed for students who are tackling the trigonometric functions and finding its values. All values you need for the corresponding angle/ radian measure are all attached to our device. Indeed, its a great help not only to the students specifying on values of trigonometric functions but also to anyone who wants and wishes to know the value that corresponds to a given angle/ radian measure. Wheel of trigonometric values include sine, cosine, tangent and their inverse, cosecant, secant, and cotangent, these device also includes the radian and angle measure in trigonometric function that needs a value. Its very easy to operate the device. Objectives The devices primary objective is to: Be able to understand the concepts in getting the values in a trigonometric function in its clear perspective. Let them learn trigonometric functions in an enjoyable and interesting way. To discover alternative ways of learning trigonometry without computing and using calculator.

Significance of the Study This device aims to help and aid the following person/s: STUDENTS- to be more familiarize about the trigonometric values and to easily know what are the values of the trigonometric functions. TEACHERS- be more easier for them to teach his/her students without exerting too much effort and providing materials needed for teaching. Scope and Limitation The main purpose of this device is to help the students in their lesson about trigonometric values and it helps them to familiarize easily the values.

Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Trigonometry (from Greek trignon "triangle" + metron "measure") is a branch of mathematics that studies triangles and the relationships between their sides and the angles between these sides. Trigonometry defines the trigonometric functions, which describe those relationships and have applicability to cyclical phenomena, such as waves. The field evolved during the third century BC as a branch of geometry used extensively for astronomical studies. It is also the foundation of the practical art of surveying. Sumerian astronomers introduced angle measure, using a division of circles into 360 degrees. They and their successors the Babylonians studied the ratios of the sides of similar triangles and discovered some properties of these ratios, but did not turn that into a systematic method for finding sides and angles of triangles. The ancient Nubians used a similar methodology. The ancient Greeks transformed trigonometry into an ordered science. Classical Greek mathematicians (such as Euclid and Archimedes) studied the properties of chords and inscribed angles in circles, and proved theorems that are equivalent to modern trigonometric formulae, although they presented them geometrically rather than algebraically. Claudius Ptolemy expanded upon Hipparchus' Chords in a Circle in his Almagest. The modern sine function was first defined in the Surya Siddhanta, and its properties were further documented by the 5th century Indian mathematician and astronomer Aryabhata. These Greek and Indian works were translated and expanded by medieval Islamic mathematicians. By the 10th century, Islamic mathematicians were using all six trigonometric functions, had tabulated their values, and were applying them to problems in spherical geometry. At about the same time, Chinese mathematicians developed trigonometry independently, although it was not a major field of study for them. Knowledge of trigonometric functions and methods reached Europe viaLatin translations of the works of Persian and Arabic astronomers such as Al Battani and Nasir al-Din al-Tusi. One of the earliest works on trigonometry by a European mathematician is De Triangulis by the 15th century German mathematician Regiomontanus. Trigonometry was still so little known in 16th century Europe that Nicolaus Copernicusdevoted two chapters of De revolutionibus orbium coelestium to explaining its basic concepts. Driven by the demands of navigation and the growing need for accurate maps of large areas, trigonometry grew to be a major branch of mathematics. Bartholomaeus Pitiscus was the

first to use the word, publishing his Trigonometria in 1595. Gemma Frisius described for the first time the method of triangulation still used today in surveying. It was Leonhard Euler who fully incorporated complex numbers into trigonometry. The works of James Gregory in the 17th century and Colin Maclaurin in the 18th century were influential in the development of trigonometric series. Also in the 18th century, Brook Taylor defined the general Taylor series. In mathematics, the trigonometric functions (also called circular functions) are functions of an angle. They are used to relate the angles of a triangle to the lengths of the sides of a triangle. Trigonometric functions are important in the study of triangles and modeling periodic phenomena, among many other applications. The most familiar trigonometric functions are the sine, cosine, and tangent. In the context of the standard unit circle with radius 1, where a triangle is formed by a ray originating at the origin and making some angle with the x-axis, the sine of the angle gives the length of the y-component (rise) of the triangle, the cosine gives the length of the x-component (run), and the tangent function gives the slope (y-component divided by the x-component). More precise definitions are detailed below. Trigonometric functions are commonly defined as ratios of two sides of a right triangle containing the angle, and can equivalently be defined as the lengths of various line segments from a unit circle. More modern definitions express them as infinite seriesor as solutions of certain differential equations, allowing their extension to arbitrary positive and negative values and even to complex numbers. Trigonometric functions have a wide range of uses including computing unknown lengths and angles intriangles (often right triangles). In this use, trigonometric functions are used, for instance, in navigation, engineering, and physics. A common use in elementary physics is resolving a vector into Cartesiancoordinates. The sine and cosine functions are also commonly used to model periodic function phenomena such as sound and light waves, the position and velocity of harmonic oscillators, sunlight intensity and day length, and average temperature variations through the year. In modern usage, there are six basic trigonometric functions, tabulated here with equations that relate them to one another. Especially with the last four, these relations are often taken as the definitions of those functions, but one can define them equally well geometrically, or by other means, and then derive these relations. A wheel is a device that allows heavy objects to be moved easily through rotating on an axle through its center, facilitating movement or transportation while supporting a load (mass), or performing labor in machines. Common examples found in transport applications. A wheel, together with an axle, overcomes friction by facilitating motion by rolling. In order for wheels to

rotate, a moment needs to be applied to the wheel about its axis, either by way of gravity, or by application of another external force. More generally the term is also used for other circular objects that rotate or turn, such as a ship's wheel, steering wheel and flywheel.

Definition of Terms WHEEL- is a device that allows heavy objects to be moved easily through rotating on an axle through its center, facilitating movement or transportation while supporting a load (mass), or performing labor in machines. TRIGONOMETRY- is a branch of mathematics that studies triangles and the relationships between their sides and the angles between these sides. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS- functions of an angle

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY This chapter discusses the methodology used in conducting in the device: preparation of the materials used. It further shows the materials and procedures on how the device was conducted. A. Materials Plywood Markers Scissors Cartolinas Glue Cardboard Nails Paint

B. Procedure Preparation of the device: 1. Cut 3 plywoods in circular shape with different sizes. (big, medium, small) 2. Attach nail at the center of the 3 circles to combine them. 3. Label the smallest circle with the trigonometric functions using a marker in their corresponding colors. sin-red tan-yellow sec-green

cos-blue

csc-orange

cot-pink

4. On the other circle, write the radians and angles corresponding to each. 5. And on the last and biggest circle, attach the 6 trigonometric values using the cartolinas with their corresponding colors. How to Use: By using this device, you can easily know the values of all the trigonometric functions without computing. The device indicates all the corresponding values of the trigonometric functions. The wheel is color coded: red indicates sin, blue- cos, yellow-tan, orange-csc, greensec, and pink indicates cot. In order to know the value of a given angle or radian measure of a function just look at the colored cartolina attached at the upper circle. The colored cartolina indicates each value of the function so you can easily figure out the answer to it.

Illustration:

Recommendation The following recommendations are hereby formulated for consideration to improve the Wheel of Trigonometric Values: 1. Since the device mainly focus on the trigonometric values others may include the formula to find those values even at the lower part of the device. 2. Since the tentative materials for constructing the device is not that good it is recommended to use better quality facilities. 3. The fact that the trigonometric values are the main focus on doing the device it is recommended to still show the solution of some trigonometric values, how was these values obtained (show at least five solutions to show how was the values obtained.) 4. The fact that limited period of time for the planning of the device, contributed to poorly facilities, (plywoods and cardboards), it is recommended that the time frame for the planning of the device should be at least two to three months. Conclusion The proponents therefore conclude that the device is very useful for the people who experiences difficulties in trigonometric functions. And it is not just for the people who experiences difficulties in that topic but for all the people who encounters that topic in trigonometry.

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel