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Present Perfect
We use the Present Perfect when the action has a connection with the present. The action is done in the past, but the result can be shown now. Examples: Tom is looking for his key. He cant find it. He has lost his key. We form the PRESENTE PERFECT like this: Affirmative: Personal Pronoun + Verb Have Conjugated in Present + Main Verb in Past Participle Reg/Irreg I You He/She/It We You They + + + + + + have have has have have have + + + + + + finished finished finished finished finished finished

Negative: Personal Pronoun + Verb Have Conjugated in Present + NOT + Main Verb in Past Participle Reg/Irreg I You He/She/It We You They + + + + + + have have has have have have not not not not not not havent havent hasnt havent havent havent + + + + + + finished finished finished finished finished finished

Interrogative: Verb Have Conjugated in Present + Personal Pronoun + Main Verb in Past Participle Reg/Irreg Have Have Has Have Have Have + + + + + + I You He/She/It We You They + + + + + + finished? finished? finished? finished? finished? finished?

Regular Verbs: end in ED Example: DECIDE - DECIDED I have decided to go. Irregular Verbs: they can vary or remain the same or change the verb structure. Example: GO - GONE Is Sally there? No, she has gone out. We also use present perfect to provide new information or to announce a recent situacion. Examples: Ow! I have cut my finger. The road is closed. There has been an accident. The police have arrested two men in connection with the accident.

We can also use present perfect with just already and yet. Examples: Just: Recently Would you like something to eat? No, thanks. I have just had lunch. Already: Earlier than expected What time is Mark leaving? He has already gone. Yet: (Until today) We use Yet to show that the person who is talking is expecting something to happen. We use it only for the negative and interrogative. Has it stopped raining yet? I have written the letter but I havent posted it yet.

Just is mostly between the verb HAVE and the other participle verb. Already is mostly between the verb HAVE and the other participle verb. Yet is mostly used at the end of the sentence.

Differences between GONE TO and BEEN TO: Examples: Jim is away on holiday. He has gone to Spain. Jane is back home from holiday now. She has been to Italy. Let's see this dialogue between Dave and Jane: DAVE: Have you travelled a lot, Jane? JANE: Yes, I have been to lots of places. DAVE: Have you ever been to China? JANE: Yes, I have been to China twice. DAVE: What about India? JANE: No, I havent been to India. When we talk about something that happened in the past and has a reference in the present we use the present perfect (have been, have travelled etc.) In this case Jane and Dave are talking about something that occurred in a period during their lives.

In the following examples we can also see a reference to a period that continues until today. (Recently / In the last few days / So far / Since breakfast / For a long time etc.) Have you heard from George recently? I have met a lot of people in the last few days. Everything is going well. We havent had any problems so far. Im hungry. I havent eaten anything since breakfast. Its nice to see you again. We havent seen each other for a long time. We can also use present perfect with words like today / this morning / this evening / this term / this year etc. I have drunk tour cups of coffee today. Have you had a holiday this year?

Ron hasnt worked very hard this term. I havent seen Tom this morning. We use to say: Its the first time something has happened. This is a lovely meal. Its the first good meal I have had for ages. Don is having a driving lesson. Its the first time he has driven a car.