Francis Crick

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Francis Crick
Francis Crick June 8, 1916 Weston Favell, Northamptonshire, England 28 July 2004 (aged 88) San Diego, California, U.S. Colon cancer UK, U.S. British Physics, Molecular biology Institute for the Furtherment of Genetic Studies University College London University of Cambridge Max Perutz DNA structure, consciousness Nobel Prize (1962) Signature

Born

Died Residence Nationality Fields Institutions Alma mater Doctoral advisor Known for Notable awards

Francis Harry Compton Crick OM FRS (8 June 1916 28 July 2004) was an English molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist, and most noted for being one of two codiscoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953, together with James D. Watson. He, Watson and Maurice Wilkins were jointly awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material".[1] Crick was an important theoretical molecular biologist and played a crucial role in research related to revealing the genetic code. He is widely known for use of the term central dogma to

summarize an idea that genetic information flow in cells is essentially one-way, from DNA to RNA to protein.[2] During the remainder of his career, he held the post of J.W. Kieckhefer Distinguished Research Professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California. His later research centered on theoretical neurobiology and attempts to advance the scientific study of human consciousness. He remained in this post until his death; "he was editing a manuscript on his death bed, a scientist until the bitter end" according to Christof Koch.[3]

James D. Watson
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other people named James Watson, see James Watson (disambiguation).

James Dewey Watson

James Dewey Watson Born Nationality Fields April 6, 1928 (age 83) Chicago, United States American Genetics Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Harvard University University of Cambridge National Institutes of Health University of Chicago Indiana University Salvador Luria DNA structure Molecular biology Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (1962) Copley Medal (1993)[1] Elizabeth Watson (ne Lewis) Signature

Institutions

Alma mater Doctoral advisor Known for Notable awards Spouse

James Dewey Watson (born April 6, 1928) is an American molecular biologist, geneticist, and zoologist, best known as one of the discoverers of the structure of DNA in 1953 with Francis Crick. Watson, Crick, and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material".[2] After studies at the University of Chicago and Indiana University, he worked at the University of Cambridge's Cavendish Laboratory in England, where he first met his future collaborator and friend Francis Crick. In 1956, Watson became a junior member of Harvard University's Biological Laboratories, holding this position until 1976, promoting research in molecular biology. Between 1988 and 1992, Watson was associated with the National Institutes of Health, helping to establish the Human Genome Project. Watson has written many science books, including the textbook The Molecular Biology of the Gene (1965) and his bestselling book The Double Helix (1968) about the DNA structure discovery. From 1968 he served as director of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) on Long Island, New York, greatly expanding its level of funding and research. At CSHL, he shifted his research emphasis to the study of cancer. In 1994, he started as president and served for 10 years. He was appointed chancellor, serving until 2007, when he resigned due to a controversial comment made during an interview.[3]

Gregor Mendel
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Gregor Johann Mendel

Born July 20, 1822 Heinzendorf bei Odrau, Austrian Empire, current Czech Republic January 6, 1884 (aged 61) Brno, Moravia, Austria-Hungary

Died

Nationality Empire of Austria-Hungary Fields Genetics

Institutions Abbey of St. Thomas in Brno Alma mater University of Olomouc University of Vienna

Known for Discovering genetics Gregor Johann Mendel (July 20, 1822[1] January 6, 1884) was an Austrian[2] scientist and Augustinian friar who gained posthumous fame as the founder of the new science of genetics. Mendel demonstrated that the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants follows particular

patterns, now referred to as the laws of Mendelian inheritance. Although the significance of Mendel's work was not recognized until the turn of the 20th century, the independent rediscovery of these laws formed the foundation of the modern science of genetics.[3]