BOX CULVERT

EARTH FILLING

GENERAL
For the purpose of design one meter length of box is considered.
The analysis is done for following cases.
( i) Live load dead load & earth pressure acting with no water pressure from inside
( ii) Live load dead load on top & earth pressure acting from outside & water pressure actingfrom inside with
acting from inside with no live loads on side.
( iii) Dead load & earth pressure acting from outside & water pressure acting from inside

Let the thickness of the vertical horizontal slabs be

650 mm throughout
For the analysis purposes the centre line of the frame will be considered having dimension
of
6m x
3m
Consider live load =
Dead load =
3x6x3x1.8/6x3 =
18 t/m2 =

Case ( i) live load dead load & earth pressure acting with no water pressure from inside
Self weight of top slab =
Live & dead loads =
Total load on top slab =
Weight of each side wall =
Upward soil reaction at base =
Ka =

650x1x1x25000 =
80000+54000 =
3x650x25000/1000=
150250x3+2x63750)/3=

(1- sin30)/(1+sin30) =

Lateral pressure due to dead & live load =

Lateral pressure due to soil =

134000x0.3333=

Ka x w xh = (1/3)x18000xh=

Hence total lateral pressure at depth h =

Lateral pressure intensity at top =
Lateral pressure intensity at bottom =

w=
p =

150250

44666.67
A

3 m
6m

C
p =

62666.67

18000

w=

192750

Due to symmetry half of the frame i.e. AEFD of the box culvert is considered for moment distribution.
Relative stiffness K

for

AD =

Relative stiffness K

for

AE =

Relative stiffness K

for

DF =

Distribution factors

for

AD =

1/(1+1/2)=

Distribution factors

for

DA =

1/(1+1/2)=

Distribution factors

for

AB =

(1/2)/(1+1/2)=

Distribution factors

for

DC =

(1/2)/(1+1/2)=

Fix end moment

MFAB = - Wl^2/12=

150250x3^2/12 =

Fix end moment

MFDC =

192750x3^2/12 =

Fix end moment

MFAD = Pl^2/12+WL/15=
W is total triangular pressure
MFDA =- Pl^2/12-WL/10=

Fix end moment

Wl^2/12=

MOMENT DISTRIBUTION FOR CASE 1

joint
member

D
DC

A
DA

AD

AB

member

DC

DA

AD

AB

distri. Fa. 0.333333 0.6666667 0.666667 0.333333

F.E.M

578250

balance -178883
carry over
balance
-45761.1
carry over
balance
-19875.9
carry over
balance
-5084.57
carry over
balance
-2208.44
carry over
balance
-564.952
carry over
balance
-245.382
carry over
balance
-62.7724
FINAL
MOMENT 325563.5

-41600

38900

-450750

-357766.7
137283.33
-91522.22
59627.778
-39751.85
15253.704
-10169.14
6625.3086
-4416.872
1694.856
-1129.904
736.1454
-490.7636
188.31733
-125.5449

274566.7
-178883
119255.6
-45761.1
30507.41
-19875.9
13250.62
-5084.57
3389.712
-2208.44
1472.291
-564.952
376.6347
-245.382
163.5879

137283.3

-325563.5 229258.8

-229259

59627.78
15253.7
6625.309
1694.856
736.1454
188.3173
81.79393

For the horizontal slab AB carrying UDL @

Vertical reaction at A & B =

0.5 X150250 X6 =

For the bottom slab DC carrying UDL @

Vertical reaction at A & B =

0.5 X192750 X6 =

For the vertical member AD the horizontal reaction at A ( hA) is find out
or -hAx3+139043-140285+86666.7x3x3/2+1/2x18000x3x3/3 = 0
hA =
hD =

0.5x3x(44,666.67+62,666.667)-43,898.415=

Free bending moment at E =

150250X6X6/8 =

Net bending moment at E =

676125-229,258.764=

Free bending moment at F =

192750X6X6/8 =

Net bending moment at E =

867375-325,563.519=

For vertical member AD bending moment at midspan =

Net bending moment =

44,666.667x3x3/8)+(18000x3x3/16)=

325,563.52+229,258.764)/2 -60375 =

( iii) Dead load & earth pressure acting from outside & water pressure acting from inside
In this case water pressure having an intensity of zero at A & 9800X3 =
at D is acting

w=
p =

150250

44666.67
A

3 m
6m

C
p =

62666.67

18000

29400

w=

192750

29400

Due to symmetry half of the frame i.e. AEFD of the box culvert is considered for moment distribution.
Relative stiffness K

for

AD =

Relative stiffness K

for

AE =

Relative stiffness K

for

DF =

Distribution factors

for

AD =

1/(1+1/2)=

Distribution factors

for

DA =

1/(1+1/2)=

Distribution factors

for

AB =

(1/2)/(1+1/2)=

Distribution factors

for

DC =

(1/2)/(1+1/2)=

Fix end moment

MFAB = - Wl^2/12=

277500x3^2/12 =

Fix end moment

MFDC =

277500x3^2/12 =

Fix end moment

MFAD = Pl^2/12+WL/15=
W is total triangular pressure
MFDA =- Pl^2/12-WL/10=

Fix end moment

Wl^2/12=

MOMENT DISTRIBUTION FOR CASE 3

joint
member

D
DC

A
DA

AD

AB

distri. Fa. 0.333333 0.6666667 0.666667 0.333333

F.E.M

578250

balance -182723
carry over
balance
-46931.1
carry over
balance
-20302.6
carry over
balance
-5214.57
carry over
balance
-2255.84
carry over
balance
-579.396
carry over

-30080

28370

-450750

-365446.7
140793.33
-93862.22
60907.778
-40605.19
15643.704
-10429.14
6767.5309
-4511.687
1738.1893
-1158.793
751.94787

281586.7
-182723
121815.6
-46931.1
31287.41
-20302.6
13535.06
-5214.57
3476.379
-2255.84
1503.896
-579.396

140793.3
60907.78
15643.7
6767.531
1738.189
751.9479

balance
-250.649
carry over
balance
-64.3774
FINAL
MOMENT 319928.1

-501.2986 386.2643 193.1321

193.13214 -250.649
-128.7548 167.0995 83.54976
-319928.1 223870.8

-223871

For the horizontal slab AB carrying UDL @

Vertical reaction at A & B =

0.5 X150250 X6 =

For the bottom slab DC carrying UDL @

Vertical reaction at C & D =

0.5 X192750 X6 =

For the vertical member AD the horizontal reaction at A ( hA) is find out
or -hAx3+139043-140285+86666.7x3x3/2+1/2x18000x3x3/3 = 0
hA =
hD =

0.5x3x(44,666.67+62,666.667-29400)-51,065.082=

Free bending moment at E =

150250X6X6/8 =

Net bending moment at E =

676125-223,870.835=

Free bending moment at F =

192750X6X6/8 =

Net bending moment at E =

867375-319,928.128=

For vertical member AD bending moment at midspan =

62,666.67-29,400.00)x3x3/8+(44,666.67+29,400.00-62,666.67)x3x3/16=

Net bending moment =

319,928.13+223,870.835)/2 -43837.5 =

( ii) Live load dead load on top & earth pressure acting from outside & water pressure
acting from inside with no live loads on side.
In this case it is assumed that there is no lateral pressure due to live load.
as before the top slab is subjected toa load of

and

bottom slab is subjected to a load of

Lateral pressure due to dead load =

54000/3=
Lateral pressure due to soil =
Ka x w x h =
18000/3X h=
Hence total lateral pressure at depth h =
60000+6000h
Lateral pressure intensity at top =
18000 N/m2
Lateral pressure intensity at bottom =
36000 N/m2
In addition to these water pressure having an intensity of zero at A & 9800X3 =
29400 N/m2
at D is acting
w=
150250
p =

18000
A

3 m
6m

C
p =

36000

18000

29400

w=

192750

29400

Due to symmetry half of the frame i.e. AEFD of the box culvert is considered for moment distribution.
Relative stiffness K

for

AD =

Relative stiffness K

for

AE =

Relative stiffness K

for

DF =

Distribution factors

for

AD =

1/(1+1/2)=

Distribution factors

for

DA =

1/(1+1/2)=

Distribution factors

for

AB =

(1/2)/(1+1/2)=

Distribution factors

for

DC =

(1/2)/(1+1/2)=

Fix end moment

MFAB = - Wl^2/12=

277500x3^2/12 =

Fix end moment

MFDC =

277500x3^2/12 =

Wl^2/12=

Fix end moment

Fix end moment

MFAD = Pl^2/12+WL/15=
W is total triangular pressure
MFDA =- Pl^2/12-WL/10=

MOMENT DISTRIBUTION FOR CASE 2

joint
member

D
DC

A
DA

AD

AB

distri. Fa. 0.333333 0.6666667 0.666667 0.333333

F.E.M

578250

balance -189390
carry over
balance
-49153.3
carry over
balance
-21043.3
carry over
balance
-5461.48
carry over
balance
-2338.15
carry over
balance
-606.831
carry over
balance
-259.794
carry over
balance
-67.4257
FINAL
MOMENT 309929.7

-10080

8370

-450750

-378780
147460
-98306.67
63130
-42086.67
16384.444
-10922.96
7014.4444
-4676.296
1820.4938
-1213.663
779.38272
-519.5885
202.27709
-134.8514

294920
-189390
126260
-49153.3
32768.89
-21043.3
14028.89
-5461.48
3640.988
-2338.15
1558.765
-606.831
404.5542
-259.794
173.1962

147460

-309929.7 213872.4

For the horizontal slab AB carrying UDL @

Vertical reaction at A & B =

0.5 X150250 X6 =

For the bottom slab DC carrying UDL @

Vertical reaction at C & D =

0.5 X192750 X6 =

63130
16384.44
7014.444
1820.494
779.3827
202.2771
86.59808
-213872

For the vertical member AD the horizontal reaction at A ( hA) is find out
or -hAx3+139043-140285+86666.7x3x3/2+1/2x18000x3x3/3 = 0
hA =
hD =

0.5x3x(18,000.00+36,000.000-29400)-16,500.000=

Free bending moment at E =

150250X6X6/8 =

net bending moment at E =

676125-213,872.359=

Free bending moment at F =

192750X6X6/8 =

Net bending moment at F =

867375-309,929.652=

For vertical member AD bending moment at midspan =

86666.67x3x3/8+1/16x18000x3x3=
36,000.00-29,400.00)x3x3/8+(18,000.00+29,400.00-36,000.00)x3x3/16=

Net bending moment =

309,929.65+213,872.359)/2 -13837.5 =

DESIGN OF TOP SLAB

case
I
II
III
Grade of concrete Effective depth =
R =
st =
j =

BM at centre(Nm)
446866.2361
462252.6406
452254.1648
M35
600
1.5
230 N/m2
0.904

MR =

1.5x600x600x1000=

Ast =

452,254.16x1000/230x0.904x600=

provide

BM at ends(Nm)
229258.7639
213872.3594
223870.8352

25 mm dia bar

540000000 >

100 c/c

Direct force (N)

51065.08154
16500
51065.08154

Bend the bars up near supports at a distance of 6/5=

Provide distribution reinforcement @

BM at
ends =
Ast =
223,870.84x1000/230x0.904x600=
provide
20 mm dia bar
Provide distribution reinforcement @

1.2
12 mm @

150 c/c

150 c/c
12 mm @

150 c/c

DESIGN OF BOTTOM SLAB

case
I
II
III
Grade of concrete Effective depth =
R =
st =
j =

BM at centre(Nm)
541811.4807
557445.3475
547446.8717

Direct force (N)

117101.5851
20400
65834.91846

M35
600
1.5
230 N/m2
0.904

MR =

1.5x600x600x1000=

Ast =

547,446.87x1000/230x0.904x600=

provide

BM at ends(Nm)
325563.5193
309929.6525
319928.1283

540000000 >

32 mm dia bar

150 c/c

Bend the bars up near supports at a distance of 6/5=

Provide distribution reinforcement @

BM at
ends =
Ast =
319,928.13x1000/230x0.904x600=
provide
25 mm dia bar
Provide distribution reinforcement @

1.2 m from edges

12 mm @

150 c/c

150 c/c
12 mm @

150 c/c

DESIGN OF SIDE WALLS

case
I
II
III
Grade of concrete Effective depth =
R =
st =
j =

BM at centre(Nm)
217036.1416
228061.9818
248063.5059

Direct force (N)

578250
578250
578250

M35
600
1.5
230 N/m2
0.904

MR =

1.5x600x600x1000=

Ast =

248,063.51x1000/230x0.904x600=

provide

BM at ends(Nm)
325563.5193
309929.6525
319928.1283

540000000 >

25 mm dia bar

150 c/c

Bend the bars up near supports at a distance of 6/5=

Provide distribution reinforcement @

BM at
ends =
Ast =
319,928.13x1000/230x0.904x600=
provide
25 mm dia bar
Provide distribution reinforcement @

1.2
12 mm @

150 c/c

150 c/c
12 mm @

150 c/c

nsidered.

e actingfrom inside with

80000 N/m2
54000 N/m2

sure from inside

16250
134000
150250
63750
192750

N/m2
N/m2
N/m2
N/m2
N/m2

0.333333
44666.67 N/m2

6000 h
86666.67+6000h
44666.67 N/m2
62666.67 N/m2

p =

44666.67

p =

62666.67
18000

moment distribution.
1
`1/2
`1/2
0.666
0.666
0.333
0.333

-450750 Nm
578250 Nm
38900 Nm
-41600 Nm

150250 N/m2
450750 N
192750 N/m2
578250 N

43898.41 N
117101.6 N
676125 Nm
446866.2 Nm

867375 Nm
541811.5 Nm

7x3x3/8)+(18000x3x3/16)=
60375 Nm

217036.1 Nm

ting from inside

29400 N/m2

p =

44666.67

p =

62666.67
18000

moment distribution.
1

`1/2
`1/2
0.666
0.666
0.333
0.333

-450750 Nm
578250 Nm
28370 Nm
-30080 Nm

150250 N/m2
450750 N
192750 N/m2
578250 N

51065.08 N
65834.92 N
676125 Nm
452254.2 Nm

867375 Nm
547446.9 Nm

43837.5 Nm

228062 Nm

150250 N/m2

192750 N/m2
18000 N/m2
6000 h

p =

18000

p =

36000
18000

moment distribution.
1
`1/2
`1/2
0.666
0.666
0.333
0.333

-450750 Nm
578250 Nm

8370 Nm
-10080 Nm

150250 N/m2
450750 N
192750 N/m2
578250 N

16500 N
20400 N
676125 Nm
462252.6 Nm

867375 Nm
557445.3 Nm

3x3/8+1/16x18000x3x3=
13837.5 Nm

248063.5 Nm

452254.2 Nm ok
3625.226 mm2

m from edges

223870.8 Nm
1794.527 mm2

175.0279

547446.9 Nm ok
4388.281 mm2
182.9991
m from edges

319928.1 Nm
2564.513 mm2

191.4977

248063.5 Nm ok
1988.453 mm2
246.9819

m from edges

319928.1 Nm
2564.513 mm2

192.8515