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Conditional sentences in English

Conditional sentences (if-clauses, main clauses) Summary Type I Type II Type III Special types and structures Mixed Conditionals if I were you will and would in if-clauses Replacing if - Omitting if - if vs. when - in case vs. if Conditional sentences (if) - Complex Test 1 Exercises - Conditional sentences (if)

Conditional sentences
The conditional sentences are sometimes confusing for learners of English. Watch out: 1) Which type of the conditional sentences is used? 2) Where is the if-clause (e.g. at the beginning or at the end of the conditional sentence)? There are three types of the if-clauses. type I II III condition condition possible to fulfill condition in theory possible to fulfill condition not possible to fulfill (too late)

Form
type I II III if clause Simple Present Simple Past Past Perfect main clause will-future (or Modal + infinitive) would + infinitive * would + have + past participle *

Examples (if-clause at the beginning)

type I II if clause If I study, If I studied, If I had studied, main clause I will pass the exam. I would pass the exam. I would have passed the exam.

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III

Examples (if-clause at the end)

type I II III main clause I will pass the exam I would pass the exam I would have passed the exam if-clause if I study. if I studied. if I had studied.

Examples (affirmative and negative sentences)

type Examples long forms + If I study, I will pass the exam. I If I study, I will not fail the exam. If I do not study, I will fail the exam. short/contracted forms If I study, I'll pass the exam. If I study, I won't fail the exam. If I don't study, I'll fail the exam. If I studied, I'd pass the exam. If I studied, I wouldn't fail the exam. If I didn't study, I'd fail the exam. If I'd studied, I'd have passed the exam. If I'd studied, I wouldn't have failed the exam. If I hadn't studied, I'd have failed the exam.

+ If I studied, I would pass the exam. II + III If I studied, I would not fail the exam. If I did not study, I would fail the exam. If I had studied, I would have passed the exam. If I had studied, I would not have failed the exam. If I had not studied, I would have failed the exam.

* We can substitute could or might for would (should, may or must are sometimes possible, too). I would pass the exam.

I could pass the exam. I might pass the exam. I may pass the exam. I should pass the exam. I must pass the exam. Thanks to Kai.