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WORLD
Bloody Hands in Southeast Asia
The regions economic gains conceal
an appalling record in state killings
By the Center for Strategy, Enterprise and Intelligence
STRATEGY POINTS
Across Southeast Asia, a culture of violence
persists in the countries police structure
Corruption, a lack of resources or outright
government inuence in their justice system,
and impunity in cases of human rights abuses,
continue to plague these countries
C
onsIsLenL economIc growLI In
SouLIeusL AsIun counLrIes Iusn`L
done mucI Lo eruse LIe conLInuIng sLuIn oI
Iumun rIgILs vIoIuLIons - urbILrury kIIIIngs,
unexpIuIned dIsuppeurunces, LorLure, Lo
nume some oI LIe more obvIous exumpIes -
In our socIeLIes.
GoIng by LIe UnILed SLuLes SLuLe
DepurLmenL CounLry ReporLs on
Humun RIgILs PrucLIces Ior zo11,
wIIcI were reIeused In IuLe Muy, LIe
PIIIIppInes uppeured Lo sLund ouL
umong seIecLed counLrIes In SouLIeusL
AsIu -- BruneI, CumbodIu, ndonesIu,
uos, MuIuysIu, Burmu (Myunmur),
LIe PIIIIppInes, SIngupore, TIuIIund,
TImor esLe, und VIeLnum - wILI LIe
IIgIesL number oI urbILrury kIIIIngs und
dIsuppeurunces In zo11. L sIouId be noLed,
Iowever, LIuL uLrocILIes were commILLed
boLI by governmenL Iorces und non-
governmenL groups.
Arbitrury killings und
disuppeurunces. AccordIng Lo LIe
SLuLe DepurLmenL`s counLry reporL on
LIe PIIIIppInes, LIe CommIssIon on
Humun RIgILs (CHR) InvesLIguLed ;8
compIuInLs InvoIvIng oI q uIIeged vIcLIms
oI poIILIcuIIy moLIvuLed kIIIIngs, down Irom
8; compIuInLs In zo1o. TIe CHR suspecLed
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27
:NKcenSEI8KVUXZ - June 18-24, 2012
LIuL LIe PIIIIppInes NuLIonuI PoIIce were
InvoIved In 11 compIuInLs, und LIe Armed
orces oI LIe PIIIIppInes In seven oLIers.
SuspecLs In LIe remuInIng compIuInLs were
LIe NPA, ordInury cILIzens or unIdenLIhed.
n IIgIL oI LIIs, LIe PIIIIppInes wus
subjecLed Lo u revIew by 6q counLrIes,
durIng LIe UnIversuI PerIodIc RevIew
IeId by LIe UnILed NuLIons Humun
RIgILs CouncII In Genevu IusL Muy. Some
counLrIes usked Ior LIe dIsmunLIIng oI
purumIIILury groups, wIIIe LIe AusLruIIun
mIssIon specIhcuIIy usked Ior LIe
ImmedIuLe urresL oI IugILIve generuI
JovILo PuIpurun, wIo Is wunLed Ior LIe
kIdnuppIng und dIsuppeurunce oI Lwo
UnIversILy oI LIe PIIIIppInes sLudenLs,
SIerIyn Cudupun und Kuren Empeno, In
zoo6. PuIpurun remuIns uL Iurge.
n LIe cuse oI RodeI EsLreIIudo, cILed In
LIe SLuLe DepurLmenL counLry reporL,
cIurges Iud been hIed uguInsL mIIILury
personneI. n IuLe ebruury zo11, LIe
ucLIvIsL Iurmer wus ubducLed und IIs body
wus Iound Lwo duys IuLer In u neIgIborIng
provInce. HIs wIIe hIed u murder cuse
uguInsL nIne AP members, und LIey were
reIIeved oI LIeIr duLIes. TIe cuse Is pendIng
In u provIncIuI courL.
TIe PIIIIppIne consLILuLIon proIIbILs
LorLure, buL LIe CHR noLed LIuL LIe use
oI excessIve Iorce und LorLure remuIns un
IngruIned purL oI LIe urresL und deLenLIon
process, wIere poIIce rouLIneIy ubuse und
someLImes LorLure suspecLs und deLuInees.
BruneI Iud no cuses oI urbILrury kIIIIngs
und dIsuppeurunces, or use oI LorLure.
However, cunIng wus uppIIed Lo cerLuIn
oIIenses us provIded Ior by Iuw.
The sitoution in other coontries. TIe
SLuLe DepurLmenL counLry reporLs uIso
Lurned up cuses InvoIvIng urbILrury kIIIIngs
In oLIer counLrIes, LIougI noL on LIe IeveI
oI LIe PIIIIppInes. n Burmu (Myunmur),
u pubIIc works empIoyee uIIegedIy beuL Lo
death a z8-yeur-oId vIIIuger Ior u mInor
LruIhc vIoIuLIon. On unoLIer occusIon,
IeIIow soIdIers reporLedIy beuL u number
oI cIIId soIdIers Lo deuLI. TIere wus no
move by LIe governmenL Lo prosecuLe LIe
uIIeged perpeLruLors. TorLure, Iowever,
wus IIkewIse rouLIneIy used, wILI meLIods
IncIudIng severe beuLIngs, eIecLrIc sIocks,
burnIng wILI IIgILers, eLc..
CumbodIu Iud one reporLed cuse, In
the kIIIIng oI eng RIn during an arrest
uLLempL. He wus beIng escorLed Lo courL
Ior quesLIonIng ubouL u murder, und
sIoL und kIIIed by BuLLumbung provInce
ucLIng poIIce cIIeI KIm RILI. A IocuI NGO
uIIeged LIIs wus un unIuwIuI kIIIIng und u
crImInuI compIuInL wus hIed. TIe cuse wus
pendIng us oI yeur end, wILI no IeurIng
duLe seL. KIm RILI remuIns us ucLIng poIIce
cIIeI. IkewIse, beuLIngs und oLIer Iorms
oI mIsLreuLmenL conLInued, und even
Increused Irom zo1o.
ndonesIu dId noL experIence poIILIcuIIy
moLIvuLed kIIIIngs, buL deuLIs occurred
wIen securILy Iorce personneI used
Human rights in Southeast Asia
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CONTENTS NATION WORLD BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY
excessIve vIoIence in handling alleged
crImInuIs, LerrorIsLs und proLesLers. TIe
vIoIence uguInsL proLesLers cenLered
uround Pupuu und WesL Pupuu provInces.
n one cuse, poIIce hred on peuceIuI
proLesLers In Pupuu In OcLober that
IeIL LIree deud. AmnesLy nLernuLIonuI
IumenLed LIe IucL LIuL LIe oIhcers
InvoIved were gIven
onIy wurnIngs,
wIIcI umounLed Lo
un uccounLubIIILy
IuIIure. TorLure wus
udmInIsLered In LIe
Iorm oI beuLIngs wILI
hsLs, sLIcks, Iron burs
und Iummers.
TIere were no credIbIe
reporLs oI cuses oI
urbILrury kIIIIngs In LIe
counLry reporL on uos.
OccusIonuIIy, Iowever,
LorLure wus uIso InIcLed on deLuInees.
TIIs cume In LIe Iorm oI beuLIngs und
Iong-Lerm soIILury conhnemenL In
durkened rooms.
Arbitrury killings with u distorbing
puttern. ArbILrury kIIIIngs were
uIso reporLed In MuIuysIu. One
nongovernmenLuI orgunIzuLIon (NGO)
reporLed zo deuLIs In poIIce sIooLIngs in
zo11. zo deuLIs wus u murked decreuse
Iowever Irom reporLed In zo1o,
und 1o8 In zooq. (A non-governmenL
orgunIzuLIon, Suuru RukyuL MuIuysIu, In ILs
MuIuysIu CIvII und PoIILIcuI RIgILs ReporL
Ior zo11, suw IL dIIIerenLIy, ugreeIng on
zo deuLIs In zo11, buL seeIng un Increuse
Irom 1 deuLIs In zo1o.) ocuI Iumun
rIgILs groups noLed u dIsLurbIng puLLern
nurruLed by sLuLe-Inuenced medIu,
wIereIn LIe suspecL wus uppreIended,
LIen LrIed Lo uLLuck LIe poIIce, wIo
LIen kIIIed LIe suspecL In seII-deIense.
TIe groups suId LIIs nurruLIve wus
used Lo jusLIIy deuLIs usuuIIy oI eLInIc
mInorILIes In poIIce cusLody. No
dIsuppeurunces were reporLed.
SIngupore uIso dId noL Iuve reporLed
cuses oI urbILrury kIIIIngs und
dIsuppeurunces, LIougI IIke
BruneI, cunIng remuIns u IeguI
Iorm oI punIsImenL.
Ixcessive und lethul Iorce.
ReporLs LIuL TIuI oIhcers used
excessIve und IeLIuI Iorce In
uppreIendIng suspecLs or
were InvoIved In urbILrury
kIIIIngs were IncIuded In LIe
counLry reporL Ior TIuIIund.
As muny us ;z suspecLs were
kIIIed by securILy Iorces In LIe
urresL process Irom OcLober
zo1o Lo SepLember zo11, LIougI IL wus
noL IndIcuLed Iow muny oI LIe ;z dIed In
zo1o. (AccordIng Lo Humun RIgILs WuLcI,
us muny us qo peopIe dIed Irom MurcI
Lo Muy, zo1o, Irom LIe vIoIenL poIILIcuI
conIronLuLIons oI LIe LIme, wILI Ioss oI IIIe
resuILIng Irom unnecessury use oI IeLIuI
Iorce by TIuI securILy Iorces. Newspupers
uIso reporLed numerous cuses oI cILIzens
uccusIng poIIce und oLIer securILy oIhcIuIs
oI bruLuIILy.)
TIe reIuLIveIy new repubIIc oI TImor
esLe suw no poIILIcuIIy moLIvuLed
kIIIIngs, buL on Muy 1q, u soIdIer beuL un
eIderIy womun Lo deuLI Ior engugIng In
wILcIcruIL. TIe soIdIer wus convIcLed oI
murder und dIsmIssed Irom LIe servIce,
buL LIe reporL dId noL IndIcuLe II Ie
wus ImprIsoned Ior IL. TIe governmenL
generuIIy respecLed LIe IeguI proIIbILIon
Groops noted u
distorbing puttern
nurruted by
stute-inoenced
mediu, wherein
the sobject wus
upprehended, then
tried to uttuck the
police, who then
killed the sospect
in selI-deIense
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:NKcenSEI8KVUXZ - June 18-24, 2012
on LorLure; sLIII, LIere were compIuInLs
oI use oI excessIve Iorce by securILy
personneI on cIvIIIuns.
TIe counLry reporL on VIeLnum Lurned up
no reporLs oI urbILrury kIIIIngs, buL LIere
were 1q reporLed deuLIs oI persons In
cusLody In zo11. n HunoI, L. CoI. Nguyun
Vun NInI beuL TrInI Xuun Tung Lo deuLI
wIIIe In deLenLIon Ior u LruIhc vIoIuLIon.
He wus suspended pendIng InvesLIguLIon,
und LrIuI wus expecLed eurIy LIIs yeur. (n
rougI consonunce wILI LIIs hgure, Humun
RIgILs WuLcI reporLed LIuL 1 peopIe
A regionaI bid to strengthen judiciaI integrity
In a step to strengthen judicial integrity in the region, more than 130 senior judges, academics, and legal
practitioners from 16 countries met in Jakarta, Indonesia, in January this year for the frst ever judicial
integrity workshop in southeast Asia. It was sponsored by the United Nations Development Program,
the UN Offce of Drugs and Crime and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and
Development. Although other countries outside the region were present, the aim was focused on the
southeast Asian region.
Regional participants came from Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore,
Thailand, and Timor Leste. Participants from outside the region came from Afghanistan, Australia,
Bangladesh, Germany, Japan, Mongolia, Nepal, the Netherlands, and Sri Lanka.
The outcome of the workshop was a communiqu (which can be downloaded through the link above),
which stated among other things:
1. Signifcant progress has been made in advancing judicial reforms in many nations.
2. There is need to develop and review codes of conduct based on the Bangalore Principles of
Judicial Conduct
3. There is need to measure progress and impact of the implementation of the Bangalore Principles
4. A multi-pronged and holistic approach is needed
5. The principles need to be disseminated among all judges, with dialogue support and peer monitoring
6. Implement training programs on judicial ethics
7. There has to be a credible, accessible and responsive complaints system
8. Establish an income and assets declaration system for judges
9. Establish an appropriate salary and welfare structure and a transparent selection process for
judicial personnel
10. Conduct regular court inspections/audits
11. Enhance consistency and effciency in the delivery of justice
12. Uphold and promote integrity in everyone including court personnel
13. Establish mechanisms for internal and external oversight
Concrete proposals for follow up actions:
14. Make the communiqu available to the ASEAN Secretariat and members
15. Establish an e-mail network for workshop participants
16. Continue translation of the Bangalore Principles
17. The UNDP and UNODC provide technical assistance when possible upon request
18. That participating organizations outside the ASEAN further advance the dialogue on strengthening
judicial integrity within the context if their activities
Human rights in Southeast Asia
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dIed In poIIce cusLody durIng LIe hrsL 1o
monLIs oI zo11. HRW noLed LIuL poIIce
bruLuIILy, IncIudIng LorLure und IuLuI
beuLIngs, conLInues Lo be reporLed uII over
LIe counLry.)
GoIng buck Lo LIe counLry reporL, LIe
poIIce commonIy mIsLreuLed suspecLs
durIng urresL or deLenLIon. n AprII, poIIce
beuL Trun Vun Du wIIIe In InLerroguLIng
IIm In cusLody. By OcLober, LIe Iour
oIhcers InvoIved were senLenced Lo prIson
Lerms rungIng Irom Lwo Lo eIgIL yeurs.
TIIs wouId sIow LIuL LIe governmenL
wus uIso mukIng eIIorLs Lo Increuse
uccounLubIIILy Ior Iumun rIgILs ubuses.
Corroption und weukness in the
jodiciul system. n LIe dIspensuLIon oI
jusLIce, mosL counLrIes uIso suIIered Irom
weuk und corrupL judIcIuI sysLems. n
some cuses, peopIe were IILeruIIy geLLIng
uwuy wILI murder.
AccordIng Lo LIe BruneI und SIngupore
reporLs, LIe courLs uppeured Lo ucL
IndependenLIy. No InsLunces oI
governmenL InLerIerence were reporLed.
TIe consLILuLIon oI CumbodIu provIdes
Ior un IndependenL judIcIury, Iowever
LIe governmenL dId noL respecL judIcIuI
Independence In prucLIce. CorrupLIon
wus deemed wIdespreud umong
judges, prosecuLors und courL oIhcIuIs.
TIe execuLIve bruncI InLerIered wILI
courL proceedIngs. AL LIe sume LIme, u
Iuck oI resources IncIudIng Iow suIurIes
InLerLwIned wILI corrupLIon Lo produce u
vIcIous cycIe oI IneIhcIency. L conLrIbuLed
Lo LIe corrupLIon, und uIso cuused u deIuy
or ouLrIgIL denIuI oI u IuIr LrIuI. TIere wus
u sIorLuge oI judges und courLrooms.
Pressore to go eusy on militury
personnel. WIen cuses InvoIved mIIILury
personneI, mIIILury oIhcIuIs pressed
on judges Lo Iuve deIendunLs
reIeused wILIouL LrIuI.
One exumpIe Is LIe
deuLI oI on CIIun
eng In Junuury
zo1o. A IocuI
Iumun rIgILs
orgunIzuLIon
reporLed LIuL
Lwo poIIce
oIhcers
uLLucked
on uILer un
urgumenL uL u
weddIng purLy,
und Ie dIed Irom LIe
InjurIes. on`s IumIIy hIed u
compIuInL, buL so Iur no IeurIng
duLe Iud been seL, und LIe Lwo poIIce
oIhcers remuIned Iree.
TIe counLry reporL Ior
ndonesIu puL LIe
IocuI sILuuLIon In
a slightly better
IIgIL, suyIng
LIe judIcIury
remuIned
suscepLIbIe
Lo Inuence
Irom busIness
InLeresLs,
poIILIcIuns und
securILy Iorces. ow
suIurIes Ied Lo brIbes.
WIdespreud corrupLIon
In LIe IeguI sysLem remuIned,
uILIougI LIere were specIuIIzed
governmenL Lusk Iorces LIuL uLLempLed Lo
prosecuLe corrupLIon.
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TIe counLry reporL Ior uos cIurucLerIzed
LIe IocuI judIcIury us weuk, buL LIere
were no cuses oI senIor oIhcIuIs
InuencIng LIe courLs durIng
LIe yeur. mpunILy und
corrupLIon were
probIems, uIong
wILI some reporLed
IncIdenLs oI
bribing.
n MuIuysIu, some
consLILuLIonuI
provIsIons
und IegIsIuLIon
restricted
judIcIuI revIew
und uddILIonuI
IucLors (wIIcI were noL
expIuIned) sLrengLIened
execuLIve Inuence over LIe
judIcIury.
'Institotionulized
corroption.' AccordIng
Lo LIe counLry
reporL Ior Burmu
(Myunmur),
uILIougI LIe
counLry`s
JudIcIury uw
oI zooo ensures
un IndependenL
judIcIury, In
prucLIce LIe
jusLIce sysLem
wus cIurucLerIzed
by InsLILuLIonuIIzed
corrupLIon und under
LIe eIIecLIve conLroI oI LIe
mIIILury und governmenL, LIe
Burmu counLry reporL sLuLes. As sIown
by sLudIes oI cIvII socIeLy orgunIzuLIons,
brIbes were puId ouL uL uII sLuges oI LIe
IeguI process und Lo IeveIs oI oIhcIuIs.
CerLuIn Iuws, sucI us UnIuwIuI
AssocIuLIons AcL, EIecLronIc
TrunsucLIons uw, und oLIers,
were used Lo urbILrurIIy urresL und deLuIn
cILIzens engugIng In peuceIuI proLesLs
un deny LIem u IuIr LrIuI. uwyers
represenLIng poIILIcuI cuses were noL
spured. AuLIorILIes revoked LIe IIcense
oI Iuwyer U TIn Aung Tun, wIo wus
represenLIng Iurmers In u Iund conhscuLIon
cuse. TIe counLry reporL cILed LIe AsIun
eguI Resource CenLer In sLuLIng LIuL
ubouL z Iuwyers remuIned dIsburred Ior
poIILIcuI reusons.
Personul connections, bribery,
und u luck oI soIcient personnel.
TIe PIIIIppIne reporL stated that
LIe governmenL generuIIy respecLed
judIcIuI Independence In prucLIce.
CorrupLIon wus pervusIve LIrougI
personuI connecLIons, und someLImes
brIbery resuILed In ImpunILy Ior weuILIy
or InuenLIuI oIIenders. n muny cuses,
denIuI oI jusLIce wus cuused by u Iuck oI
suIhcIenL personneI, IneIhcIenL processes
und Iong deIuys, wILI LIe uveruge LrIuI
duruLIon Ior exLrujudIcIuI kIIIIngs und
dIsuppeurunces Iound Lo be Ionger LIun
hve yeurs. TIe MuguIndunuo mussucre
cuse Is sLIII ongoIng. OI LIe 1q6 uccused,
6 suspecLs were deLuIned und urruIgned,
z8 IndIvIduuIs were deLuIned wILI pendIng
urruIgnmenL, wIIIe 1o suspecLs remuIned
uL Iurge (IncIudIng 1o poIIce oIhcers und
Iour soIdIers).
TIuIIund`s judIcIury wus generuIIy
regurded us IndependenL, buL sLIII subjecL
Lo corrupLIon und ouLsIde Inuences.
Human rights in Southeast Asia
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A wide urruy oI chullenges. TIe
counLry reporL Ior TImor esLe observed
LIuL judIcIuI Independence dId noL exIsL
In prucLIce, due Lo u wIde urruy oI
cIuIIenges. TIere were concerns
regurdIng LIe ImpurLIuIILy oI judIcIuI
bodIes. OLIer cIuIIenges IncIude: u severe
sIorLuge oI quuIIhed personneI, u IeguI
regIme bused on dIIIerenL IeguI sources:
PorLugese-eru, ndonesIun-eru, und UN
udmInIsLruLIon-eru Iuws und reguIuLIons.
AIso, Iuws were wrILLen und courLs
operuLed In PorLuguese, u Iunguuge noL
spoken by LIe mujorILy.

n VIeLnum, LIe judIcIuI sysLem wus noL
IndependenL. TIe CommunIsL PurLy oI
VIeLnum (CPV) conLroIIed LIe courLs
uL uII IeveIs, wIere IL deLermIned courL
uppoInLmenLs, und In muny cuses LIe
verdIcLs. PoIILIcuI Inuence, endemIc
corrupLIon und IneIhcIency sLrongIy
dIsLorLed LIe sysLem. MosL judges were
members oI LIe CPV. TIe purLy Inuenced
cuses wIereIn u person wus cIurged wILI
cIuIIengIng or IurmIng LIe purLy or sLuLe.
n uddILIon, LIere Is u sIorLuge oI Iuwyers
und judges.
n LIe zooq reporL oI LIe UnILed NuLIons
OIhce oI LIe HIgI CommIssIoner on
Humun RIgILs, IL noLed LIuL uILIougI
ndonesIu, MuIuysIu, LIe PIIIIppInes und
TIuIIund Iuve esLubIIsIed Iumun rIgILs
commIssIons, some oI LIem sLIII Iuck
poIILIcuI supporL Irom LIe governmenL,
und Iuck LIe sLrengLI und resources Lo
eIIecLIveIy monILor vIoIuLIons.
Human rights in Southeast Asia
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