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1. An anatomic tooth is one that is designed to simulate the natural tooth form. The standard anatomic tooth has inclines of approximately 33 degree or more. 2. when the cusp incline is less steep than the conventional anatomic tooth of 33 degree it can be classified as a modified or semianatomic tooth. It can be considered basically anatomic and will articulate in three dimensions. 3. A nonanatomic tooth is essentially flat and has no cusp heights to interdigitate with an opposing tooth and has sulci to enhance its comminuting effect on food. They articulate in only two dimensions.
Many factors enter into the arrangement of the Artificial teeth in a denture. They act as a unit; And attached to a movable base resting on movable and displaceable living tissue, which are subject to damage; therefore, they must be Arranged to function as a unit. However, Leverages, forces, vector of forces, discrepancies in residual ridges, maxillomandibular Relationships, residual ridge relationships, Functional and parafunctional mandibular Movements, and preferences of patients vary.
The arrangement of teeth must be Physiologically And esthetically acceptable. Physiologically,They must be in a position compatible with the lips,Tongue, and cheeks whether the mandible is in a Relaxed position or in motion.
Horizontal positions 1
Involves placing the teeth anteroposteriorly and mediolaterally (1) to provide stability, (2) to direct the forces of mastication to areas most favorable for support, (3) to support the lips and cheeks for esthetics, and (4) to be compatible with the functions of the surrounding structures.
Horizontal positions 2
Forces directed at right angles to the supporting tissues are more stabilizing than forces directed at an inclined plane. Protrusive and lateral movements involving tooth contacts result in forces directed toward inclined planes, and these forces are capable of dislodging the dentures. Therefore many patients may change their habitual jaw movements to a more vertical closure.
Horizontal positions 3
This adjustment may not happen with patients who have a low pain threshold. The dentist cannot always differentiate these patients. Therefore, all patients are instructed to crush their food by closing up and down and not from side to side and cut food into small pieces with the knife and fork. The forces of mastication should not be directed to tissue incapable of withstanding the force.
1- there are more anatomic landmarks to locate the guide lines in the mandibular arch. 2- the lingual surfaces of the mandibular posterior teeth are not placed more in a medial direction than is the medial surface of the lingual flange of the denture base. 3- the mandibular canines are the turning points in the arch. 4- the retromolar pad is used to determine the vertical height of the mandibular molars.
Setting the lower teeth first is perhaps A little easier for two reasons: 1- The teeth can be set over the more Important lower ridge directly 2- The relation of the compensating Curve to the condylar and incisal Guides can easily be seen because The lower cast is directly attached to That part of the instrument which Carries these guides.
Relating inclinations . 2
Balanced occlusion is based primarily on the premise that stability is provided mechanically to the denture bases on their basal seats. When the teeth are brought together at any relationship of the jaws, at least a tripod type of contacting of the teeth provides stability to the bases.
Relating inclinations. 3
The neutrocentric arrangement of the teeth on a plane (flat) parallel with the bony support is based primarily physiologic principles that involve the influence of the somatic nervous system in control of muscle movement and proprioception. The mechanism involves the teeth making contact when the condyles are in a comfortable, stable position in the fossae and the denture bases are stable and comfortably seated on the basal seats. The arrangement of teeth on a flat plane does not provide stability in eccentric relationships.
Relating inclinations. 4
When the teeth contact on unstable bases, the condyles are not in a stable position, result is discomfort. The somatic nervous system-the receptors in and around the joints, in the periosteum, and in the mucosa of the lips, tongue, and cheeks-notifies the central nervous system of the discomfort. It is notifying the central nervous system to modify the muscle pattern until comfort is established. The muscles is programmed to make a jaw closure to tooth contact when the condyles are terminally related in the fossa.
Relating inclinations. 5
DeVan stated this thusly, the patient will become a chopper, not a chewer or grinder. Arranging monoplane teeth in balanced occlusion provides a long inclined plane, a long cusp. The lingualized occlusion concepts represents a compromise between the concepts of balanced and neutrocentric occlusion.
Relating relations. 6
The concept of spheric occlusion involves the position of the teeth with anteroposterior and mediolateral inclines in harmony with a spherical surface. The concept of organic occlusion calls for altering the shape of the cusps of the teeth to provide prosthetic teeth that have cusps suitable for the individual patient.
Neutrocentric concept 1
This term is used to denote a concept of occlusion that eliminates any anteroposterior or mediolateral inclines of the teeth and directs the forces of occlusion to the posterior teeth. The plane of occlusion should not be dictated by the horizontal condylar guidance and must be flat and the form of the posterior teeth is devoid of cusp. The horizontal and lateral condylar guidance may be set at zero.
Neutrocentric concept 2
The direct force toward the center of the support and to reduce the frictional forces, the buccolingual width of the teeth is reduced and the number of teeth is reduced to direct the forces in the molar and bicuspid area of support and to refrain from placing a tooth on the ridge incline in the second molar area
Balanced occlusion 1
The concept of centralizing the working occlusal surfaces requires bringing the occlusal surfaces toward the center of the denture foundation to their ideal positions for favorable leverage ( anteroposteriorly, is the area of the premolars and the first molars and mediolaterally, most favorable leverage obtained when the occlusal working surfaces are placed to the lingual sides of the ridge crests.
Balanced occlusion 2
Sufficient simultaneous contacts will take place in the three areas of the arches to exert a stabilizing force sufficient to prevent dislodging the denture. When a cusp form posterior tooth is used, it is necessary to develop balanced occlusion. If premature tooth contacts occur in gliding occlusion, they are evaluated in the mouth and removed by grinding the offending tooth or teeth.
Balanced occlusion 3
To adjust the articulator requires (1) a centric relation record and (2) an eccentric protrusive record. Right and left lateral relation records are desirable if the articulator is capable of accurately accepting and being adjusted to the records. If the articulator will not receive the lateral records and is a Hanau type, use the formula suggested by Hanau to adjust the lateral condylar guidance: H L = -- + 12. 8
Balanced occlusion 4
When the accuracy of the centric relation record has been verified, the vertical dimension of occlusion has been accepted for esthetic purposes, the protrusive relation record is made and the articulator is adjusted for condylar guidance.to balance the occlusion, the teeth are inclined to harmonize with the three controlling end factors, the right and left condylar inclinations, and the incisal guidance.
Balanced occlusion 5
Condyle paths are peculiar to each individual, and the dentist has no control over horizontal or lateral inclinations. The term incisal guidance refers to the influence on mandibular movements of the lingual surfaces of the maxillary anterior teeth. In complete denture construction, the dentist has control over the vertical incisal guidance and The lateral incisal guide angle.
Balanced occlusion 6
It is desirable to arrange the anterior teeth It is desirable to arrange the anterior teeth with a vertical and horizontal overlap with with a vertical and horizontal overlap with an incisal guide angle of near 0 degree. This an incisal guide angle of near 0 degree. This positioning of the teeth reduces the inclines positioning of the teeth reduces the inclines in a mediolateral and anteroposterior in a mediolateral and anteroposterior direction. Forces directed at inclines are direction. Forces directed at inclines are more dislodging than forces directed at right more dislodging than forces directed at right angles to the support. angles to the support.
Lingualized occlusion 1
Encompassing balanced, nonbalanced, linear, functional, functional rotational, and organic occlusions. Lingualized occlusion is limited here to one where the maxillary lingual cusps are the main functional occlusal elements. These may oppose mandibular 0 degree or shallow cusp teeth in balanced or nonbalanced patterns depending on the needs for the patient.
Lingualized occlusion 2
The use of maxillary lingual cusps could be expected to centralize the occlusal forces and reduce the frictional resistance of flat teeth sliding over one another. Additional stability can be gained during parafunctional movements if a series of surfaces is used that allows for occlusal balance and an area (rather than a point) of closure. Lingualized occlusal scheme can be used in which anatomic teeth are used in balanced occlusion or where o degree teeth are applied in neutrocentric or monoplane occlusal schemes.
The inclination of the teeth and the compensating curve are of more importance to balance than is the Inclination of the occlusal plane. The average denture patient may make many tooth contacts during the hours between meals. They Are light fleeting contacts which would not Seriously test denture retention. If this is true, Then balance as an aid in retention is probably Unnecessary for the most patients. But many patients enjoy comfort only when eccentric balance Is present.
C Anti Monson curve D Pleasure curve first premolars ( anti Manson)- second
premolars (anti Manson)- first molars (monoplane occlusion) And second molars (Manson)