Alkali -Bitter/smooth/soapy -pH more than 7 -Corrosive -Conduct electricity Acid a) React with reactive metals to form salt

and hydrogen gas b) React with metallic carbonate to form salt,carbon dioxide and water c) React with bases to form salt and water only Alkalis a) React with ammonium salt to produce salt, water and ammonia gas when heated b) React with acid to form salt and water only

Acid -Sour taste -pH less than 7 -Corrosive -Conduct electricity

Dilution M1V1 = M2V2 M1 Concentration of solution before Dilution V1 Volume of solution before dilution M2 Concentration of solution after Dilution V2 Volume of solution after dilution

Physical properties

Strenght of acid and alkalis

Role of water

Higher pH value -more alkaline -higher concentration of hydroxide ion Lower pH value -more acidic -higher concentration of hydrogen ion Strong acid is an acid that dissociate (ionize ) completely in water to form hydrogen ion,H+ of high concentration Weak acid is an acid that dissociate (ionize ) partially in water to produce hydrogen ions,H+ of low concentration. Strong alkali is produce when a base dissociates completely in water to produce hydroxide ions, OHof high concentration Weak alkali is produced when a base dissociates partially to produce hydroxide ions, OH- of low concentration.

The presence of water enables to acid/alkali molecules to ionize to produce hydrogen / hydroxide ions Acid base titration a) Acid base titration is a quantitative analysis used to determine the volume of an acid required to exactly neutralize a fixed volume of an alkali with the help of acid base indicator such as phenolphthalein or methyl orange . b) The end point of acid base titration is the stage achieved when amount of acid added exactly neutralizes all the alkali. c) The formula used to determine molarity or volume of a solution in a neutralization reaction is MaVa/ MbVb = a/b Ma Mb Va Vb a b = Molarity of acid = Molarity of alkali = Volume of acid = Volume of alkali = Number of moles of acid shown in chemical equation = Number of moles of alkali shown in chemical equation

Definition

Chemic a proper l ties

Acid and bases

An acid is a substance that ionizes in water to produce hydrogen ions, H+ A base is a substance that reacts with an acid to form only salt and water An alkali is a chemical substance which ionizes in water to produce hydroxide ions, OH- when it is dissolved in water

Concentration of acids and alkalis 1 dm3 = 1000 cm3 a) Gram of solute per litre (dm3) of solution, g dm-3 b) Number of molesof solute per ltre (dm3) of solution, mol dm3 c) Molarity (M) is the number of moles of the solute in 1dm3 of solution. d) No of mole = MV/1000

Concentration of solution in g dm-3

molar mass of solute x molar mass of solute

Concentration of solution in mol dm-3 (molarity)