Meridian Gyrocompass

Contents
CAUTIONARY NOTICES
Your attention is drawn to the following cautionary notices that apply throughout this Manual. WARNING The Meridian Gyrocompass weighs 15.5kg. To avoid personal injury, take proper precautions if you lift or move the equipment. WARNING There is a danger of serious injury from voltages inside the Meridian Gyrocompass. Do not remove the gyrocompass cover unless you have the necessary skills and experience to perform maintenance work on a system of this nature. Always power-off the system before you remove the cover for maintenance work. Observe all local safety regulations as you work on the equipment. Reconnect the safety grounding straps and refit all safety covers to the equipment before you power-on the system. WARNING The Meridian Gyrocompass should be supplied with power from an SELV source as defined in IEC/EN 60950. The power supply source should be switched and protected by a suitable circuit breaker. CAUTION The Meridian Gyrocompass includes precision components and bearings. To avoid causing damage to any part of the System, handle all items with care. Retain the original packing cases so that you can use them to transport the system when necessary. You will void the warranty if you use improper packing during transportation. CAUTION Severe damage to the Meridian Gyrocompass can occur if you move the gyrocompass while the rotor is still spinning without the servo system in operation. Note that the gyro rotor continues to spin for approximately five minutes after you power-off the system. To avoid potential damage to the Meridian Gyrocompass, always allow a period of five minutes after power-off for the gyro rotor to come to rest before you attempt to move the gyrocompass.
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TSS (International) Ltd
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Meridian Gyrocompass CAUTION During operation, the gyrocompass must remain level to within 45. If it experiences tilt greater than 45 in any direction, it will topple. Never apply a tilt of more than 45 with the gyro rotor spinning or during the gyrocompass initialisation procedure. Note that the gyro rotor continues to spin for approximately five minutes after you poweroff the System. CAUTION If you install the gyrocompass in an enclosed space, make certain there is sufficient ventilation and circulation of free air to allow effective cooling. CAUTION Perform maintenance instructions only if you have the skills and experience required, and only when necessary. Inappropriate tampering with the internal controls and components of the gyrocompass can lead to damage or serious performance degradation. NEVER open the gyrocompass cover or make any adjustments inside the gyrocompass unless you are entirely confident in your actions. CAUTION Remove power from the gyrocompass before making any connections to external equipment. CAUTION You will void the warranty if you make any modifications to this equipment without prior permission from TSS (International) Ltd. DO NOT modify this equipment in any way without obtaining permission from TSS (International) Ltd. CAUTION You will void the warranty if you operate the gyrocompass outside the environmental conditions detailed in Section 4 and in BS EN 60945.
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Contents
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 System Description 1.1.1 Gyrocompass 1.1.2 Remote Control Unit 1.1.3 Auxiliary Inputs 1.1.4 Heading Outputs 1.2 Principle of Operation 2 INSTALLATION 2.1 Unpacking and Inspection 2.2 Physical and Electrical Installation 2.2.1 Selecting a location 2.2.2 Gyrocompass installation 2.2.3 External Remote Control Unit 2.2.4 Set the Gyrocompass DIP Switches 2.3 Alignment 2.4 Final Gyrocompass Installation Tests 2.5 Installation Drawings 3 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 3.1 Control Features 3.2 Initial Power-on 3.3 Operating Procedure 3.3.1 Latitude correction 3.3.2 Speed correction 3.3.3 DG operating mode 3.4 Error Modes 3.4.1 Loss of GPS 3.4.2 Loss of speed log 3.4.3 Gyrocompass system warnings and failures 3.5 Operating Considerations 3.5.1 General Operating Considerations 3.5.2 Corrections for Speed and Latitude 3.5.3 Operating at Extremes of Latitudes 3.5.4 Operating Considerations for Vessel Dynamics 4 TECHNICAL DATA 4.1 Specifications 4.1.1 Power Requirements 4.1.2 Performance (definitions as in ISO 8728) 4.1.3 Compensation 4.1.4 Environment 4.1.5 Signal Inputs 4.1.6 Signal outputs 4.1.7 Dimensions and Weight 4.1.8 Listener load requirement 4.1.9 Talker drive capability 11 13 13 14 15 15 15 21 22 23 23 24 210 211 213 213 214 31 32 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 36 37 39 39 310 310 310 41 41 41 41 41 41 42 42 42 43 43
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Meridian Gyrocompass 4.1.10 Standards 4.2 Data Formats 4.2.1 IEC 61162 Serial Data Formats General information 4.2.2 Inputs 4.2.2.1 IEC 61162 input signals 4.2.2.2 Pulsed input 4.2.3 Outputs 4.2.3.1 IEC 61162 output signals 4.2.4 IEC 61162 sentence with Checksum 4.2.5 Other Output Formats 4.2.5.1 Course Recorder Output 4.2.5.2 Synchro Output 4.2.5.3 Resolver Output 4.2.5.4 Stepper S-Code 4.2.5.5 Rate of Turn 5 MAINTENANCE 5.1 Built-in Test Equipment 5.1.1 Azimuth Drift Adjustment 5.1.2 Azimuth Bias Adjustment 5.2 Test Connector 5.3 Diagnostic Output Sentence 43 44 45 46 46 410 411 411 415 416 416 416 416 417 417 51 51 52 53 53 56
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TABLE OF AMENDMENTS
Old Issue
2.0 2.0A 2.0B 2.0C 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9.1 3.10
New Issue
2.0 2.0A 2.0B 2.0C 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9.1 3.10 3.11
Date
11 May 2000 12 Dec 2000 1 Mar 2001 23 Apr 2001 Aug 2002 Sept 2002 Jan 2003 Feb 2003 Mar 2003 July 2003 August 2003 March 2004 March 2005 May 2005 September 2005 June 2006 January 2008
Details
New release. Corrected identification of Azimuth Bias potentiometer and other details. Include DIP switch default settings. Modify power connection details. Add notification to avoid product modifications. Substantial amendments to reflect product enhancements. completion of enhancement features including compliance with IEC 61162. Minor amendments and description of Diagnostic Output Sentence. Modification to specifications and addition of Appendix B to demonstrate Certificate of Type Approval. Minor amendments to a display warning and a note referring to confirming software release. Note added regarding modification kit available for alternative orientations when attempting correct speed compensation. Minor amendments to specifications throughout. Amendments to alarm warning / failure designation. Details for High Speed Craft (HSC) operation. Updated Distribution board connections and drawing. Added paragraph to section 3.5.4 explaining potential conflicts with earth connections on distribution board for the HSC. Revised Company Logo Replaced manual setting of DG Mode on distribution board with Alarm Acknowledgement functionality. This enables compatibility with the Compass Changeover System.
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Meridian Gyrocompass
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Introduction
1 INTRODUCTION
The Meridian Gyrocompass is a master heading reference instrument that applies the characteristics of a dynamically tuned gyroscope and the effects of gravity and earth rotation to provide a true north reference. The Meridian Gyrocompass specification makes the System ideal for installation and operation on board vessels of almost any size and in a wide range of applications. Among the standard features of the Meridian Gyrocompass are:

A short settling time Operation from a 24V DC electrical supply
This Manual is an important part of the Meridian Gyrocompass. It describes the System and contains full installation and operating instructions. You should retain the Manual with the System for use by personnel who will install and operate it. Installation and operation of the Meridian Gyrocompass are not complex tasks. However, you should spend time to familiarise yourself with the contents of this Manual before you start to install or use the System. Time spent in identifying the task sequence now will ensure your System is operational in the minimum of time. WARNINGS Where appropriate, this Manual includes important safety information highlighted as WARNING and CAUTION instructions. You must obey these instructions: WARNING instructions alert you to a potential risk of death or injury to users of the System. CAUTION instructions alert you to the potential risk of damage to the System. For your convenience, the Contents section includes copies of all the WARNING and CAUTION instructions included in this Manual. Throughout this Manual all measurements conform to the SI standard of units unless otherwise indicated.
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Meridian Gyrocompass For your convenience, this Manual includes several sections, each of which describes specific features of the Meridian Gyrocompass: You should read sections 1 and 2 before you attempt to install the System: Section 1 contains introductory notes and describes those items supplied as standard. Section 2 describes how to select a suitable location for the gyrocompass. This section includes full instructions to install the System and connect it to external equipment.
You should read sections 3 and 4 before you use the System: Section 3 describes how to operate the Meridian Gyrocompass. Section 4 includes the System specifications and descriptions of the data formats.
You should read sections 5 if you suspect a fault on the System: Section 5 describes how to use the internal 60-way test connector and explains how to conduct simple adjustments with the gyrocompass housing removed. This Manual also contains the following appendices: Appendix A explains how a gyroscope can be made north seeking for use in a gyrocompass. Appendix B contains copies of Type Approval Certificates. CAUTION You will void the warranty if you make any modifications to this equipment without prior permission from TSS (International) Ltd. DO NOT modify this equipment in any way without obtaining permission from TSS (International) Ltd.
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Introduction
1.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

The Meridian Gyrocompass comprises two sub-assemblies:

The gyrocompass housing The Remote Control Unit (RCU)
Figure 11 shows the combined gyrocompass housing with the RCU included as an integral unit. The Meridian Gyrocompass applies dynamic tuning to settle automatically to the meridian. Due to the physical principles of a north-seeking gyrocompass, achievable accuracy depends on the operating latitude and the vessel dynamics. To optimise its performance, the Meridian Gyrocompass uses information supplied by external equipment, for example a GPS receiver and a speed log, to apply latitude and speed corrections. Refer to Appendix A for a simplified explanation of the gyrocompass theory of operation.
1.1.1 GYROCOMPASS
Figure 11: Gyrocompass housing with integral RCU
Figure 11 shows the gyrocompass housing, which contains the following items:
True north seeking dynamically tuned precision gyroscope and gimbal suspension assembly. Power supply board. Digital and analogue control boards. RFI filter and distribution board.
It is a relatively simple operation to install the gyrocompass and you should be able to accomplish this quickly without the need for specialised personnel or equipment. However, note that the gyrocompass weighs 15.5kg and you must take due care when you lift and move it.
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Meridian Gyrocompass The care that you take when you align the gyrocompass housing with the surveyed fore-aft axis of the vessel will have a direct impact on the accuracy of heading measurements delivered by the System. Since the Meridian Gyrocompass is an ideal source of heading information for use by other systems on board, such as radars and satellite communication antennas, the accuracy of its heading measurements will have a wide impact throughout the vessel. You should therefore take care when you install and align the gyrocompass. Refer to Section 2 for full instructions to install, connect and align the Meridian Gyrocompass. The only component available for user servicing is a 3.15A line fuse inside the gyrocompass housing. In case of failure, refer to Section 5 for instructions on fault diagnosis and maintenance.
1.1.2 REMOTE CONTROL UNIT

Figure 12: Remote Control Unit
The Remote Control Unit (RCU) provides all the functions and indicators necessary to control and operate the Meridian Gyrocompass. The four-character LED can show a range of information:

Heading in Degrees. 000.0 to 359.9 Latitude. 80S to 80N Latitude Source Speed in Knots. 00 to 90 Speed Source Alarms and Status information Separate LED indicators show Power On and Compass Ready conditions
Refer to Section 3 for instructions to operate the Meridian Gyrocompass.
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Introduction
1.1.3 AUXILIARY INPUTS

Auxiliary inputs may be used for the Meridian Gyrocompass to apply latitude and speed corrections. Ideally, the Meridian Gyrocompass should accept latitude and speed information from external sources such as a GPS receiver or a speed log. However, you may supply this information manually if external sources are not available. The advantage of using GPS or a speed log to provide correction signals is that they allow automatic corrections to be applied without operator intervention. Section 2 includes instructions to connect and configure the external sources of latitude and speed information. Section 3 includes instructions to set the latitude and speed manually.
1.1.4 HEADING OUTPUTS

The Meridian Gyrocompass is a self-contained precision navigation instrument that is capable of supplying heading reference information simultaneously to a wide range of equipment on board the vessel. Throughout a typical vessel, applications that can use information supplied by the Meridian Gyrocompass include:

Autopilot Radars GPS Radio direction finder Course plotter and recorder Satellite communication systems Satellite television
To support this wide range of equipment types, the Meridian Gyrocompass can supply heading information simultaneously through multiple channels using any of the common transmission formats. Refer to Section 4 for a description of the available output channels and their data formats. Refer to Section 2 for details on how to interconnect to other equipment.
1.2 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

In the absence of external influences, a free-spinning gyroscope will try to maintain a fixed orientation in space. The Meridian Gyrocompass exploits this property and uses gravity control and earth rotation to align the gyroscope spin axis with the meridian, i.e. the true north direction. Refer to Appendix A for the general theory of gyrocompass operation.
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2 INSTALLATION
To obtain the best performance from the Meridian Gyrocompass you must take care when you install and connect it. This section includes all the information and instructions you will need to complete these tasks. You should read this section carefully and understand the important instructions that it contains before you begin to install or connect the equipment. 2.1 Unpacking and Inspection Page 2 Explains the inspection checks that you should perform as you unpack the Meridian Gyrocompass. 2.2 Physical and Electrical Installation Page 3 Choose a suitable location to install the Meridian Gyrocompass. Connect the system to an electrical supply and to external equipment. 2.3 Alignment Page 13 The care that you take as you align the Meridian Gyrocompass with the fore-aft datum on the vessel will have a direct influence upon its accuracy.
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2.1 UNPACKING AND INSPECTION

WARNING The Meridian Gyrocompass weighs 15.5kg. To avoid personal injury, take proper precautions if you lift or move the equipment. CAUTION The Meridian Gyrocompass includes precision components and bearings. To avoid causing damage to any part of the System, handle all items with care. Retain the original packing cases so that you can use them to transport the system when necessary. You will void the warranty if you use improper packing during transportation. CAUTION Severe damage to the Meridian Gyrocompass can occur if you move the gyrocompass while the rotor is still spinning without the servo system in operation. Note that the gyro rotor continues to spin for approximately five minutes after you power-off the system. To avoid potential damage to the Meridian Gyrocompass, always allow a period of five minutes after power-off for the gyro rotor to come to rest before you attempt to move the gyrocompass.
The Meridian Gyrocompass undergoes a full series of electrical and mechanical tests during manufacture and before dispatch. The packing case has a special design to protect the contents against shock during transit so that the equipment should arrive without damage or defect. As soon as possible after you have received the system, check all items against the shipping documents. Inspect all sub-assemblies carefully to check for any damage that may have occurred during transportation. If you see any damage file a claim with the carrier and immediately notify TSS (International) Ltd. To avoid loss or damage to any components of the system, store all sub-assemblies safely in the packing case until you need to install them. Obey the storage temperature limits listed in Section 4. Notify TSS (International) Ltd immediately if there are any components missing from the shipment. The title page of this Manual lists the contact details for TSS (International) Ltd.
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Installation
2.2 PHYSICAL AND ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION

2.2.1 SELECTING A LOCATION
There are certain guidelines that you should follow to install the Meridian Gyrocompass successfully: CAUTION During operation, the gyrocompass must remain level to within 45. If it experiences tilt greater than 45 in any direction, it will topple. Never apply a tilt of more than 45 with the gyro rotor spinning or during the gyrocompass initialisation procedure. Note that the gyro rotor continues to spin for approximately five minutes after you poweroff the System.
The gyrocompass weighs 15.5kg. Choose a mounting location that is level, flat and sufficiently strong to support the unit without flexing or experiencing extreme vibration. The mounting location can be open, as on a chart table, or enclosed within a cabinet. CAUTION If you install the gyrocompass in an enclosed space, make certain there is sufficient ventilation and circulation of free air to allow effective cooling.
Choose a location that protects the Meridian Gyrocompass from damage. Do not install or operate the Meridian Gyrocompass where the ambient temperature could fall below 0C or rise above +45C, or where rapid changes of temperature can occur. Do not install the Meridian Gyrocompass close to strong mechanical or electrical noise sources, or in a location susceptible to vibration or shock. Allow a minimum distance of 0.4m between the gyrocompass housing and any standard magnetic compasses. Choose a location that allows convenient access to install, connect and service the Meridian Gyrocompass. Refer to Figure 26 for clearance dimensions.
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2.2.2 GYROCOMPASS INSTALLATION

You must align the Meridian Gyrocompass so that its fore-aft axis is parallel to the fore-aft datum on the vessel. Any misalignment between the gyrocompass housing and the vessel will have a direct effect on the accuracy of heading measurements delivered by the system. To install the Meridian Gyrocompass you will need the following tools:

Screwdriver 5.5mm 150mm Screwdriver 3mm 75mm Nut spinner 5.5mm 8.5mm drill 3 x M8 bolts of suitable length complete with washers and nuts Combination spanner 10mm Adjustable spanner opening to at least 33mm Suitable cables for the installation as indicated in Table 21 .
Table 21: Suitable cable types Purpose Power supply Synchro heading output Resolver heading output Stepper S-code output Serial data heading output Serial data speed input Serial data latitude input Suitable cable 7/0.5mm (1.5mm2) HOFR sheathed to BS6883 7/0.4mm (1.0mm2) butyl or EP rubber insulated, CSP sheathed, wire braided and CSP oversheathed. 1/0.85mm (0.6mm2) twisted pair, butyl or EP rubber insulated, CSP sheathed, wire braided and CSP oversheathed.
There should be no need to remove the gyrocompass cover during installation. You may gain access to make signal connections by removing the gland plate assembly, comprising the Gland Plate and the Distribution Board. There is a removable panel on the top of the gyrocompass that allows access to the internal DIP switches and a 60way test connector. 1. During installation you must align the Meridian Gyrocompass so that its fore-aft axis is parallel with the fore-aft datum on the vessel. It is not necessary for the gyrocompass to be on the vessel centre line. There are alignment marks on the base of the Meridian Gyrocompass to help you achieve the correct alignment. 2. Three elongated securing holes machined into the gyrocompass base allow you to make fine adjustments to alignment after installation. With the gyrocompass positioned accurately, mark the supporting surface with the centre positions for the three securing holes. Refer to Figures 25 and 26 for dimensions. 3. Remove the gyrocompass and drill three 8.5mm diameter holes, using the marks you have just made on the supporting surface as hole centres. Deburr the holes and remove any swarf.
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Installation 4. Reposition the gyrocompass and align it to the fore-aft datum. Use three M8 bolts with washers and nuts to secure the gyrocompass in position. 5. Connect a 24V electrical supply (acceptable range 18V to 36V DC) to the Meridian Gyrocompass at J1, the three-pin power inlet on the Gland Plate. Figure 21 shows the Gland Plate. To prevent any possibility of damage to the gyrocompass while the vessel is moving it is recommended that an uninterruptable electrical supply is used to power the Meridian Gyrocompass. 6. Connect the ships safety ground to the earthing stud adjacent to the power connector.
Figure 21: Gyrocompass gland plate
CAUTION
Gland plate release screws Cover plate release screws
Before removing the cover or the RCU unit, remove the gland plate and disconnect the RCU cable (TB1/17-22) from the distribution board.
Fuse 3.15AF
Mfg. Date Watford, England. Serial No. Build Standard No. Compass Min. Safe Dist. m
CAUTION Remove power from the gyrocompass before making any connections to external equipment.
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Meridian Gyrocompass 7. Make all necessary signal connections to the Meridian Gyrocompass at the Distribution Board. The Distribution Board accepts open tails for all connections. Pass cables through available glands in the Gland Plate. Glands A, D, E, F and J (identified in Figure 25) accept cables up to 18mm diameter, while all other glands accept cables up to 14mm diameter. Refer to Figure 23, and Tables 23 and 24 for cable connection details. 8. To maintain EMC compliance, connect all the wire braiding on the cables to the M3 grounding posts on the inside surface of the Gland Plate as shown in Figure 22.
Figure 22: Termination of wire braided cables
9. Refit the Gland Plate, making certain there are no trapped wires or cables.
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Installation
Figure 23: Gyrocompass distribution board
TB4
TB5
TB6
TB7
TB8
Table 22: J1 Power supply input pin details Pin 1 2 3 Description Protective ground +24V DC 0V
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Table 23: Input Signals Signal description Alarm Acknowledgement GPS input GPS input Log input Log input Log OK Log Log relay RCU 24V in RCU On/Off RCU Communications Rx Spare RS422 TTL pulses Voltage free contact close Signal type Voltage free contact close IEC 61162 RS232 IEC 61162 RS422 IEC 61162 RS232 IEC 61162 RS422 Distribution Board connector TB1/1(N/O) TB1/3 TB1/5 (A) TB1/7 TB1/9 (A) TB1/11 TB1/13 (+) TB1/15 (+) TB1/17 (+) TB1/19 (N/C) TB1/21 (S+) TB1/23 TB1/2 (CC) TB1/4 (0V) TB1/6 (B) TB1/8 (0V) TB1/10 (B) TB1/12 (0V) TB1/14 (0V) TB1/16 (0V) TB1/18 () TB1/20 (ON) TB1/22 (S-) TB1/24 (0V)
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Table 24: Output Signals Signal description Channel 2 Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 1 Heading Signal type IEC 61162 RS232 (all data) IEC 61162 RS232 (all data) IEC 61162 RS422 (all data) IEC 61162 RS422 (all data) TTL S-type TB2/1 TB2/3 TB2/5 (B) TB2/7 (B) TB2/9 (5V) TB2/11 (L2) TB2/13 (0V) TB2/14 (36V) res TB2/15 (26V) syn TB2/16 (0V) syn/res TB2/17 (S1) syn TB2/18 (S1) res TB2/19 (S2) syn/res TB2/20 (S3) syn/res TB2/21 (S4) res TB2/22 (CC) TB2/23 (normally closed, opens on failure) TB2/24 (normally open, closes on failure) TB2/25 TB2/26 (0V) Distribution Board connector TB2/2 (0V) TB2/4 (0V) TB2/6 (A) TB4 (C) TB2/8 (A) TB4 (C) TB2/10 (L1) TB2/12 (L3)
Heading
Synchro/resolver
Gyro fail
Voltage free contact closure
System Fail Gyro ready
TTL Voltage free contact closure
TB2/27 (CC) TB2/28 (open when not ready, closes when ready) TB2/29 (closed when not ready, opens when ready) TB2/30 TB3/1 TB3/3 TB3/5 TB3/7 (B) TB3/9 (B) TB3/11 (B) TB3/13 (B) TB3/15 (B) TB3/17 (B) TB3/19 (B) TB3/21 (B) TB3/23 (B) TB3/25 TB3/27 TB2/31 (0V) TB3/2 (0V) TB3/4 (0V) TB3/6 (0V) TB3/8 (A) TB5 (C) TB3/10 (A) TB5 (C) TB3/12 (A) TB6 (C) TB3/14 (A) TB6 (C) TB3/16 (A) TB7 (C) TB3/18 (A) TB7 (C) TB3/20 (A) TB8 (C) TB3/22 (A) TB8 (C) TB3/24 (A) TB8 (C) TB3/26 (0V) TB3/28 (0V)
Gyro ready Channel 2 Channel 2 Channel 2 Channel 2 Channel 2 Channel 2 Channel 2 Channel 2 Channel 2 Channel 2 Channel 2 Channel 2 Rate of turn Course recorder
TTL IEC 61162 RS232 IEC 61162 RS232 IEC 61162 RS232 IEC 61162 RS422 IEC 61162 RS422 IEC 61162 RS422 IEC 61162 RS422 IEC 61162 RS422 IEC 61162 RS422 IEC 61162 RS422 IEC 61162 RS422 IEC 61162 RS422 Analogue 10V IEC 61162 RS232
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2.2.3 EXTERNAL REMOTE CONTROL UNIT

The standard Meridian Gyrocompass has the Remote Control Unit (RCU) mounted integrally and available for immediate operation. There may be applications where you prefer to install the RCU at some distance from the gyrocompass unit. A mounting kit, part number 929190, is available to use in these circumstances. The kit includes the following items:

RCU housing Mounting bracket Blanking plate for the gyrocompass housing
There is no need to remove the gyrocompass cover to install the RCU externally: 1. Release and remove the four M3 screws at the corners of the RCU that secure it to the gyrocompass housing. 2. Remove the seven Gland Plate release screws marked A in Figure 21. Remove the Gland Plate. Note the connection sequence of the RCU cable at TB1/1722 so that you can restore the same connections through the extension cable. 3. Disconnect the RCU cable at TB1/1722. 4. Lift the RCU away from the gyrocompass. The cable run between the gyrocompass and RCU must not exceed 100 metres. 5. Use the bracket with the mounting kit to fix the RCU to a desk or to a bulkhead. You may also flush mount the RCU in a panel. Choose a suitable location to mount the RCU:

The mounting surface can be vertical or horizontal according to requirements. Avoid installing the RCU where it might experience severe shock or vibration. Choose a location for the RCU that allows a clear view of the display.
6. Use the two star knobs supplied to fit the RCU into the mounting bracket. Tilt the unit to a convenient viewing and operating angle and then lock it in place by tightening both star knobs. 7. Supply and fit a cable to connect the RCU to TB1/1722 on the Distribution Board. The cable must have three screened twisted pairs and should not exceed 100 metres in length. Route the cable through a vacant cable gland on the Gland Plate and make the correct connections to the TB1 terminals. 8. Refit the Gland Plate and secure it in place using the seven release screws. 9. Fit the blanking plate to fill the gap left in the cover by the RCU.
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2.2.4 SET THE GYROCOMPASS DIP SWITCHES

1 There is a removable panel on top of the gyrocompass that allows access to the two internal DIP switches (shown in Figure 24) without the need to remove the main gyrocompass cover. Release and remove the three securing screws to lift off the panel. 2. Refer to Tables 25 and set the DIP switches carefully for the specific requirements of your installation. Do not adjust the settings of other preset controls inside the gyrocompass. 3. Refit the access panel to the top of the gyrocompass cover.
Figure 24: Location of DIP switches.
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Meridian Gyrocompass The DIP switch settings described in this table are only applicable to gyrocompasses fitted with software versions BPR 0161 (Main) and BPR 0114 (RCU) or later. If necessary, you can view the software versions of the main and the RCU processors by pressing both the Up and the Down selection buttons simultaneously. The display will toggle between indications of the main processor software version (with prefix 'M') and the RCU software (with prefix 'R'). The display will continue to toggle for several seconds after you release the buttons and will then return to the heading indication.
Table 25: SW1 and SW2 DIP switch settings Factory default settings appear in bold and are marked with an asterisk in this table. SW1 DIP Switches Switch number and setting 1 On Off On Off 2 On On Off Off Function Speed Log Input Type 100 pulses per nautical mile 200 pulses per nautical mile 400 pulses per nautical mile LOG Serial Data* Switch number and setting 1 On Off 2 On Off 3 On Off On Off 4 On On Off Off Channel 1 Baud / Update rate 38k4 50Hz 9600 10Hz 4800 10Hz 4800 1Hz 3 On Off SW2 DIP Switches Function Output Sentences types Analogue ROT Scaling +/- 60deg/ minute = +/- 10V Analogue ROT Scaling +/- 20deg/s = +/- 10V* Channel 2 Heading decimal places Two decimal places One decimal place* Channel 1 Checksum field Checksum transmitted No Checksum transmitted*
4 On Off 5 On Off On Off 7 On Off 6 On On Off Off Channel 2 Baud / Update rate 38k4 50Hz 9600 10Hz 4800 10Hz 4800 1Hz Channel 1 Heading Decimal places Two decimal places One decimal place* 5 On Off On Off 7 On Off On Off 6 On On Off Off 8 On On Off Off
Channel 2 Checksum field Checksum transmitted No Checksum transmitted* Channel 1 Output Sentences All Data (1Hz only) HDT + ROT ROT only HDT only* Channel 2 Output Sentences All Data (1Hz only) HDT + ROT ROT only HDT only*
8 On Off
Vessel Dynamics For HSC applications (for serial numbers later than 3500) Standard Control Mode*
Notes: 1. If you set All Data Output Sentence, the update rate will default to 1Hz. 2. For full IEC 61162 compliance, a checksum must be transmitted.
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2.3 ALIGNMENT
It is important to align the gyrocompass to the vessel accurately. Any misalignment between the housing and the vessel will appear directly as a fixed error in heading measurements. Because measurements from the Meridian Gyrocompass are available for use by diverse systems around the vessel, any misalignment between the gyrocompass and the fore-aft datum might have a significant impact in many other areas of application. There are several methods you may use to align the gyrocompass to the vessel foreaft datum:
Align the gyrocompass to the fore-aft datum using a known reference line, such as a surveyed bulkhead or frame member. The marks on the gyrocompass base plate are precision indicators of the gyrocompass alignment orientation. To achieve correct speed compensation, the gyrocompass must be orientated so that the gland plate faces the forward end of the vessel. Note that modification kits are available for alternative gyrocompass orientations. Use the services of a marine surveyor to align the gyrocompass precisely with the fore-aft datum.
Remove any residual misalignment by making minuscule adjustments to the gyrocompass mounting plate. When you have achieved perfect alignment, tighten the securing bolts fully to lock the gyrocompass in position.
2.4 FINAL GYROCOMPASS INSTALLATION TESTS

After you have installed the gyrocompass and power supplies are available to it, perform the following installation tests: 1. Power-on the gyrocompass by following the instructions in sub-section 3.2. Wait for three hours before you perform the following tests. 2. Check the vessel heading against a known reference mark on a chart. Typically this could be the alongside position of the fitting-out dock. Alternatively, accurately survey an object at least five kilometres ahead of the vessel using the fore-aft line as a datum. 3. Check the displayed gyrocompass heading at intervals to make certain it is consistent with the surveyed vessel heading. 4. If there is an error larger than 0.5, re-check the vessel fore-aft datum to confirm that it is correct. 5. Check that all the repeaters are accurately aligned with the gyrocompass heading and make certain they maintain their alignment at all times while the gyrocompass is powered-on.
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2.5 INSTALLATION DRAWINGS

Figure 25: Gyrocompass installation Sheet 1
14
0 0 16 15
170 180 190 20 0
210
22 0
23 0
SE
SW
13 0
240
120
250
80 90 100 11 0
260 270 280
29 0 300
60
70
NW
CAUTION
Before removing the cover or the RCU unit, remove the gland plate and disconnect the RCU cable (TB1/17-22) from the distribution board.
24VDC
Fuse 3.15AF
32
340 330
350 0
N
10 20
30
NE
40
31 0
50
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Figure 26: Gyrocompass installation Sheet 2
14
0 13
150
16 0
170 180 190 200 21 0
22
SE
SW
23 0
24
12 0
0 0 25
80 90 100 110
260 270 280 290
70
30 0
60
NW
CAUTION
Before removing the cover or theRCU unit, remove the gland plate and disconnect the RCU cable (TB1/17-22) from the distribution board.
24VDC
Fuse 3.15AF
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32
33
0 0 34
350 0
N
10 20
30
NE
40
31
50
Figure 27: RCU installation Table mount
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Figure 28: RCU installation Flush mount
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3 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
This section explains how to power-on and configure the Meridian Gyrocompass after installation. Refer to Section 4 for an explanation of the data formats relevant to the System. 3.1 Control Features Page 2 The RCU provides all the controls you will need to operate the Meridian Gyrocompass. It also includes a four-character display panel that shows the heading indication, any alarm messages and error codes. 3.2 Initial Power-on Page 3 Explains how to power-on the Meridian Gyrocompass after installation and describes the initialisation sequence. 3.3 Operating Procedure Page 4 Explains how to select the latitude and speed correction sources, and how to set the latitude and speed manually if necessary. 3.4 Error Modes Page 6 Identifies the system error modes. Use these indicators to identify a possible fault condition. 3.5 Operating Considerations Page 9 Includes general advice for operating the Meridian Gyrocompass on a vessel and on high speed craft.
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3.1 CONTROL FEATURES

Figure 31: RCU front panel features
The RCU front panel includes all the operator controls for the Meridian Gyrocompass:
Table 31: RCU Control and Indicator functions Control Function Power switch. Recessed to prevent accidental operation. Selection Up. Press to increase display brightness. Selection Down. Press to decrease display brightness Latitude. Press to display current Latitude source and correction value. Use in conjunction with the Selection Up and Selection Down buttons to pre-set Latitude source and correction value. Speed. Press to display current Speed source and correction value. Use in conjunction with the Selection Up and Selection Down buttons to pre-set Speed source and correction value. Alarm. Press to silence the audible alarm.
012.3
Power lamp (red) Ready lamp (green)
Four digit alphanumeric display. Note: The display can show additional information by alternating the display contents at 0.5Hz. This is indicated throughout the manual as, for example, L52N + SGPS Indicates that the Meridian Gyrocompass is switched on when 24V DC nominal power is connected. Indicates that the Meridian Gyrocompass has settled and a True Heading is available.
Table 32: RCU display formats Format Heading 0123.4 0123.4 + DG 0123.4 + DG_L Function Heading Only Heading with DG mode set at the RCU Heading with DG mode set by latitude greater than 80 deg
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Table 32: RCU display formats Format Speed (by pressing the Speed button) S_01 + S.MAN S_01 + S.GPS S_01 + S.LOG S_01 + P.LOG Latitude (by pressing the Latitude button) L.52N + L.MAN L.52S + L.MAN L.52N + L.GPS Function Speed value with Manual selected speed source Speed value with GPS selected speed source Speed value with LOG selected speed source (serial data input) Speed value with LOG selected speed source and Pulse Log DIP switch set (pulse input) Latitude value in the Northern Hemisphere with Manual selected Latitude source Latitude value in the Southern Hemisphere with Manual selected Latitude source Latitude value with GPS selected Latitude source
3.2 INITIAL POWER-ON

The Meridian Gyrocompass starting cycle is fully automatic after power is applied. For correct operation Latitude and Speed correction must be applied. 1. Check that there is a nominal 24V DC electrical supply available to the gyrocompass. The acceptable supply range is 18V to 36V DC. To ensure continuous operation, the power supply for this unit should have a 200W power rating. 2. To start the Meridian Gyrocompass press the power switch on the RCU. 3. Check that the red Power lamp on the RCU illuminates. This lamp indicates only that the Meridian Gyrocompass is receiving power and does NOT indicate a settled condition. The instrument illumination will be at maximum during the initialisation sequence. Even at its maximum setting, the instrument illumination may be difficult to see in bright ambient lighting. 4. The RCU will activate the audible alarm for about 1 second. The display will indicate T.E.S.T. and the Ready lamp will be lit for about 10 seconds while the system performs a series of self-tests. After successful completion of the selftests, the display will show the current Gyrocompass dial heading and the Ready lamp will go off until the Gyrocompass has settled. Initially the indicated heading could be inaccurate by as much as 180. The indicated heading should not be relied on until the Gyrocompass has settled, indicated by an illuminated Ready lamp. 5. Set the source of latitude information by following the instructions in sub-section 3.3.1. 6. Set the source of speed information by following the instructions in sub-section 3.3.2.
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Meridian Gyrocompass 7. Use the Selection Up and Selection Down buttons to adjust the RCU illumination level to a comfortable setting. 8. Wait for the gyrocompass to settle. This will occur automatically and will take upwards of 24 minutes depending on initial heading offset and sea conditions. The Meridian Gyrocompass signifies its settled condition by illuminating the green Ready lamp. 9. If necessary, you can view the software versions of the main unit and the RCU by pressing both the Selection Up and Selection Down buttons simultaneously. The display will toggle between indications of the main unit software version (with prefix M) and the RCU software version (with prefix R). The display will continue to toggle for several seconds after you release the buttons and will then return to the heading indication.
3.3 OPERATING PROCEDURE

The Meridian Gyrocompass will settle automatically after power-on, to provide a true north reference. The system requires only latitude and speed correction, applied manually or from external sources, to perform to the specified accuracy. Ideally, the Meridian Gyrocompass should accept latitude and speed information from external sources such as a GPS receiver or a speed log, which allow the System to apply corrections automatically.
3.3.1 LATITUDE CORRECTION

1. Press and hold the Latitude selection button. 2. Use the Selection Up and Selection Down buttons to set the local latitude manually. The display will show the latitude in one-degree increments in the range 80N to 80S, for example L70N
To select automatic latitude compensation from a GPS receiver, use the Selection Up and Selection Down buttons to scroll beyond 80N or 80S until the display shows LGPS.
If there is no valid input available from a GPS receiver, the display will indicate a LGPS alarm after 30 seconds. 3. Release both buttons to set the latitude to the displayed value or to set the gyrocompass to use GPS as the source of automatic latitude correction. The display will indicate the latitude setting and latitude source for several seconds and will then return to the normal heading display. If you input the operating latitude manually, remember to change the setting when necessary. Note that, in medium latitudes, a 10 error in setting the operating latitude will result in a compass error of approximately 0.5.
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3.3.2 SPEED CORRECTION

1. Press and hold the Speed selection button. 2. Use the Selection Up and Selection Down buttons to set the speed manually in the range zero to 90 knots.
To select automatic speed compensation from a GPS receiver or a speed log, use the selection up button to scroll beyond 90 knots until the display shows SGPS or SLOG.
If there is no valid input available from a speed log or GPS receiver, the display will indicate a SLOG or SGPS alarm after 30 seconds. 3. Release both buttons to set the speed to the displayed value or to set the gyrocompass to use GPS or a speed log as the source of automatic speed correction. The display will indicate the speed setting and speed source for several seconds and will then return to the normal heading display. If you input the vessel speed manually, remember to set the average vessel speed and to change the setting when necessary. Return the setting to zero on completion of the voyage. For a vessel steaming in a northerly direction, a 5-knot error in speed setting will generate an error of approximately 0.5.
3.3.3 DG OPERATING MODE
To select Directional Gyro (DG), use the Selection Up and Selection Down buttons to scroll beyond 80N or 80S until the display shows DG.
In this mode you can use the Meridian Gyrocompass as a direction indicating instrument all the way up to the poles. If the gyrocompass has settled on north immediately prior to entering the DG mode, it will continue to provide a useful indication of the northerly direction for a period, but will not continue to seek north. The length of time that the direction indication remains valid depends entirely on the gyro drift characteristics. DG mode will be automatically enabled for latitudes settings greater than 80 applied from the GPS input. The gyrocompass will not north seek while operating in the DG mode.
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3.4 ERROR MODES

The Meridian Gyrocompass has three possible Error modes: 1. Loss or corruption of GPS signal 2. Loss or corruption of speed log signal 3. Gyrocompass system warnings and failures
3.4.1 LOSS OF GPS

This failure mode can occur when you have selected GPS as the source of speed or latitude information and the signal corrupts or becomes lost for a period of 30 seconds. You can recognise this condition by the following indications:

The display shows S.GPS + FAIL for the loss of speed correction information. The display shows L.GPS + FAIL for the loss of latitude correction information. The audible alarm will sound.
Press the Alarm button to cancel the audible alarm. 1. The Gyrocompass will use the last valid speed and latitude values. 2. The RCU will continue to show the alarm message until a valid input signal is reestablished or a different input source is selected. 3. If the valid input signal has not been established within a period of 30 minutes the audible alarm will be enabled.
3.4.2 LOSS OF SPEED LOG

This failure mode can occur when you have selected speed log as the source of speed information and the signal corrupts or becomes lost for a period of 30 seconds. You can recognise this condition by the following indications:
The display flashes SLOG + FAIL for the loss of selected serial data source information. The display flashes PLOG + FAIL for the loss of pulsed selected source information. The audible alarm will sound.
Press the Alarm button to cancel the alarm. 1. The Gyrocompass will use the last valid speed value. 2. The RCU will continue to show the alarm message until a valid input signal is reestablished or a different input source is selected. If a valid input signal has not been established within a period of 30 minutes the audible alarm will be enabled.
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3.4.3 GYROCOMPASS SYSTEM WARNINGS AND FAILURES

The Meridian Gyrocompass has a built-in system that monitors operation of the gyrocompass. The functions that this system checks are split into two categories.

Warning conditions Failure conditions A failure condition will result in the Gyroscope power supply being disabled. Refer to the maintenance section 5 before activating the Power Supply.
Warning Conditions If the gyrocompass detects a warning condition, it will use two methods to alert you:

The display shows <Message> + FAIL The audible alarm will sound.
Press the Alarm button to cancel the audible alarm.
Table 33: Gyrocompass warning codes <Message> RCU Screen Definition of warning code Internal DC power supply is outside operating limits Internal AC power supply is outside operating limits Loss of internal timing signals Over or under operating temperature range Loss of serial communication link with the RCU
dc + fail ac + fail rdc + fail Temp + fail rMT + fail
The RCU will continue to show the alarm message until the fault condition has been removed. If the fault condition has not been removed within a period of 30 minutes the audible alarm will be enabled. Refer to sub-section 5.1 which outlines some simple checks that you can make to rectify these fault conditions. If necessary contact TSS (International) Ltd or an approved local service agent for assistance.
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Meridian Gyrocompass Failure Conditions f the Meridian Gyrocompass detects a failure condition, it will use six methods to alert you:

The display shows <Message> + FAIL The audible alarm will sound. The Ready lamp will extinguish. The Gyro Fail relay will activate. Serial output will transmit empty sentences. Stepper output will transmit an illegal code.
Press the Alarm button to cancel the audible alarm.

Table 34: Gyrocompass failure codes <Message> RCU Screen Definition of failure code Rate of Turn exceeds 300o/s
rot + Fail
This failure is considered to be an unrecoverable fault condition, possibly due to a component failure. To prevent damage to the Gyroscope the power supplies to it will be disabled. The Gyrocompass will be disabled until it has been reset by the operator. Refer to the maintenance section 5 before activating the Power Switch.
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3.5 OPERATING CONSIDERATIONS

3.5.1 GENERAL OPERATING CONSIDERATIONS
You should leave the Meridian Gyrocompass running continuously. Power-off the system only during long periods of lay-up, for example during vessel dry-docking. To power-off the Meridian Gyrocompass, press the Power button. The heading display will go blank and the front panel lamps will switch off. The gyro rotor will take approximately five minutes to come to rest. If you intend to leave the system powered-off for an extended period, you should arrange to run the gyrocompass for a period of at least thirty minutes at intervals of six months or less. The Meridian Gyrocompass has full protection against interruption of its electrical supply. It will re-start and align itself automatically on restoration of electrical power. The heading indication will be accurate when the RCU Ready lamp is on. Monitor the Meridian Gyrocompass performance regularly. When functioning correctly, and provided the correct Speed and Latitude compensations are applied, the heading error in latitudes up to 60 and for speeds up to 25 knots will normally be less than 0.75 regardless of the vessel manoeuvres. Never move the gyrocompass with the gyro rotor spinning unless you leave the servos operational. Note that the gyro rotor continues to spin for a period of approximately five minutes after you power-off the gyrocompass.
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3.5.2 CORRECTIONS FOR SPEED AND LATITUDE
Gyrocompass operational accuracy depends, to a large extent, upon accurate corrections for speed and latitude being applied. Most users find that the facilities for the automatic application of speed and latitude corrections, via signal inputs from GPS and/or ships log, are a convenient method of applying corrections. However, users should be aware that if the input signal contains the wrong information, then the wrong corrections will be applied. For instance, it has been noted that some GPS installations, under certain circumstances, will output a valid signal with the speed and latitude fields set to all zeros indicating that the vessel is stationary on the equator. An incorrect input of speed and/or latitude will cause the gyrocompass to indicate an incorrect heading and in the case of extreme errors could cause, in certain circumstances, the gyrocompass to come out of the Ready mode.
3.5.3 OPERATING AT EXTREMES OF LATITUDES
As latitude increases (north or south) the magnitude of the horizontal component of the Earths rotation rate reduces in proportion to the cosine of latitude. Consequently, the effectiveness of the gyrocompasses north seeking action reduces with increasing latitude. At latitudes greater than 80o it is recommended that the gyrocompass be operated in the DG (Directional Gyro) mode. If correction for the effect of latitude on the vertical component of Earths rotation is made manually via the RCU, then correction is available to 80o. Thereafter, the directional gyro mode should be manually selected. Errors in the indicated heading will increase with time and increasing latitude above 80o to a maximum of approximately 0.25o /hour. To re-align the gyrocompass, operating latitude must be reduced below 80o and the gyrocompass mode of operation re-selected. If correction for the effect of latitude on the vertical component of Earths rotation is made automatically via a serial data input, then correction is available above 80o and directional gyro mode is automatically selected above this latitude. The compass will still be subject to small inherent drifts while operating in this mode. Reversion to the gyrocompass mode will be made automatically when the serial data latitude input falls below 80o.
3.5.4 OPERATING CONSIDERATIONS FOR VESSEL DYNAMICS
The gyrocompass gravity control gives rise to errors whenever the gyrocompass accelerates or decelerates along the north-south line, that is whenever the northerly speed or course changes. These errors are caused by the inertia of the pendulous element of the gyro, which produces a torque about the horizontal axis and therefore a precession in azimuth. This effect, called ballistic deflection, causes an increase in error during acceleration. The precession in tilt that arises from the damping component of gravity control is called ballistic tilt. The combined effects of ballistic tilt and ballistic deflection cause the gyrocompass to tilt downwards. Because of the factors that guide the behaviour of a damped gyroscope, the gyro spin axis will return to the settled position by the normal anticlockwise spiral after the acceleration has ceased.
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In the Meridian Gyrocompass, gravity control comes from an accelerometer (pendulum), which generates an electrical signal related to the tilt of the gyro spin axis. This devices has two important design features; it is heavily damped and the range of output is restricted to a small angle. The use of accelerometer damping by the Meridian Gyrocompass is of prime importance in the reduction of a particularly serious form of ballistic error called inter cardinal rolling error. This type of error occurs most noticeably when the vessel steams on an inter cardinal heading while rolling simultaneously through a significant angle. If the gyrocompass is installed at some distance above the vessel centre of roll rotation, as is usually the case on commercial vessels, the resulting lateral acceleration components along the east-west and north-south axes of the gyrocompass combine to build an error in the northerly settle point. If the effect persists for long enough, this error might become as large as several degrees. However, by damping the accelerometer using a time constant several times larger than the vessel rolling period, inter cardinal rolling errors are significantly reduced.
Another form of ballistic error arises from north-south accelerations generated by vessel manoeuvres. Such accelerations can arise from changes in speed and/or course. By limiting the angular output of the accelerometer, the Meridian Gyrocompass reduces the error potential typically to less than one degree. It is also possible to eliminate acceleration effects by temporarily operating the compass in the DG (Directional Gyro) mode. In this mode gravity control is used for tilt corrections only, so that ballistic effects would cause negligible heading error during short-term acceleration periods. The DG mode can be selected manually from the control panel. If the special gyro control mode for HSC is selected, the DG mode will be applied automatically in conditions of high accelerations. This mode of control is recommended for High Speed Craft and other vessels which may be subjected to high accelerations induced by rapid changes of speed or heading. Under these conditions, operation in the standard control mode can cause automatic reversion to the settle mode and consequently larger dynamic heading errors. The Meridian Gyrocompass complies with all requirements of IMO Resolution A.821(19), Performance Standards for Gyrocompasses for High-Speed Craft. On earlier versions of the gyrocompass distribution board, the earth connections displayed on Figure 2.3 Gyro Distribution board may not be present for High Speed Craft (HSC).
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4 TECHNICAL DATA 4.1 SPECIFICATIONS

CAUTION You will void the warranty if you operate the gyrocompass outside the environmental conditions detailed in Section 4 and in BS EN 60945.
4.1.1 POWER REQUIREMENTS

Voltage Power consumption 24V DC (acceptable range 18V to 36V DC) 3A at power on, 1.2A continuous (The power supply capacity should exceed 200W)
CAUTION The Meridian Gyrocompass should be supplied with power from an SELV source as defined in IEC/EN 60950. The power supply source should be switched and protected by a suitable circuit breaker. To comply with the requirements of IMO Resolution A.821(19), Performance Standards for Gyrocompasses for High Speed Craft, power to the gyrocompass should be delivered by an uninterruptable power supply.
4.1.2 PERFORMANCE (DEFINITIONS AS IN ISO 8728)

Settle point error Static error Dynamic accuracy Settle point repeatability Follow up speed Time to settle within 0.7 0.35 sec latitude 0.1 sec latitude RMS 0.3 sec latitude (Scorsby and Intercardinal motion tests) 0.25 sec latitude 200/s Less than 45 minutes with a 30 initial heading offset
4.1.3 COMPENSATION
Latitude compensation range Speed compensation range 80N to 80S 0 to 90 knots
4.1.4 ENVIRONMENT
Operating environment Operating temperature Storage temperature EN 60945:1997 designated category weather protected 0C to +45C (to ISO 8728) 15C to +55C (with reduced accuracy) 25C to +80C
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4.1.5 SIGNAL INPUTS

Latitude Speed IEC 61162 message string via RS232 or RS422 from GPS Pulse or contact closure at 100, 200 or 400 per nautical mile from speed log. IEC 61162 message string at 4800 baud via RS232 or RS422 from GPS or speed log
4.1.6 SIGNAL OUTPUTS

S-type heading 1 step-by-step, 6 steps per degree (TTL level) update limited to 20o/s to prevent repeater misalignment 1 26V 400Hz (11.8V maximum line-to-line), sector value 360 1 36V 400Hz (8V maximum per phase), sector value 360 1 rate of turn 60/min (10V) or 20/s (10V) 6 RS232 11 RS422 IEC 61162 updated at 1Hz , 10Hz or 50Hz. Course recorder output (heading, date, time) 5V TTL power/gyro failure Voltage free power/gyro failure contacts 5V TTL system ready Voltage free system ready contacts
Synchro heading Resolver heading Analogue rate of turn Serial data outputs Serial data formats Status/alarm
4.1.7 DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT

Dimensions Weight RCU size (when mounted externally) RCU weight Disposal WARNING Do not dispose of by fire or compacting, as toxic fumes, dust or liquids may be released. Units contain electrical and electronic components which should be disposed of in accordance with current waste disposal practices. 344mm (H) 267mm (W) 440mm (D) 15.5kg 96mm (H) 192mm (W) 108mm (D) 0.75 kg
Units may be returned to the manufacturer for safe disposal.
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4.1.8 LISTENER LOAD REQUIREMENT

The gyrocompass presents a listener load of 1.6mA typical at 2V or 3.5mA typical at 5V to all serial data input signals.
Figure 41: Listener input circuit
4.1.9 TALKER DRIVE CAPABILITY

The gyrocompass has a talker drive capability of 150mA to ground. Derived from 26C31 line drivers.
4.1.10 STANDARDS
The Meridian Gyrocompass is designed to meet the requirements of the following:

IMO Resolution A.424 (XI), Performance Standards for Gyrocompasses IMO Resolution A.821 (19), Performance Standards for Gyrocompasses for High Speed Craft ISO 16328:2001, Gyrocompasses for High Speed Craft BS EN 60945 (2002), General Requirements - Methods of testing and required test results BS EN ISO 8728:1999, Shipbuilding Marine Gyrocompasses BS 6217:1981, Graphical Symbols for use on Electrical Equipment CE marking Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Directive The Marine Equipment Directive 96/98/EC IEC 61162-1:2000(E) Maritime navigation and radio communication equipment and systems - Digital interfaces. Note that IEC 61162-1:2000(E) is closely aligned with NMEA 0183 version 2.30 USCG, United States Coast Guard Type Approval
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4.2 DATA FORMATS

Set the DIP switches according to your specific input and output requirements. You will find the instructions to do this in sub-section 2.2.4. Inputs Refer to sub-section 4.2.2 Acceptable input formats: Latitude information using serial IEC 61162 GNS, RMC, GLL or GGA sentences. If more than one of these formats is available, the Meridian Gyrocompass makes its selection in the stated preference order. Refer to Figures 43, 44, 45 and 46 respectively for a description of these formats.
Datum reference using IEC 61162 DTM sentence. The latitude offset is not used to correct the gyroscope latitude information, however the DTM sentence is retransmitted. Speed information using serial IEC 61162 VBW, RMC, VTG or VHW sentences. The sentences can contain speed information using knots and/or km/h. The Meridian Gyrocompass will use the speed in knots if available, in preference to speed in km/h. If more than one of these formats is available, the Meridian Gyrocompass makes its selection in the stated preference order. Refer to Figures 48, 44, 49 and 410 respectively for a description of these formats. If an RMC sentence is used it must contain both speed and latitude information. TTL-compatible pulsed speed input with a TTL-level signal or contact closure.
Outputs Refer to sub-section 4.2.3 Serial output formats: The Meridian Gyrocompass transmits selected information through RS232 and RS422 serial lines using the IEC 61162 format. The serial transmission can be at either 4800, 9600 or 38400 baud, with updates occurring at 1Hz, 10Hz or 50Hz as defined by the setting of the DIP switches. Other output formats:

Synchro Heading Output Resolver Heading Output Stepper S-code Heading Output Rate of turn using a bipolar analogue voltage in the range 10V
The following sub-sections describe each of the formats supported by the Meridian Gyrocompass .
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4.2.1 IEC 61162 SERIAL DATA FORMATS GENERAL INFORMATION

The Meridian Gyrocompass accepts and transmits asynchronous serial data using 8 data bits, one stop bit and no parity through RS232 and RS422 transmit-only lines. The data bits occur in each packet with the least significant bit first. The most significant bit of the 8-bit character will always be zero.
Figure 42: Serial data format
All data is interpreted as ASCII characters that form IEC 61162 sentences split into individual fields. All fields, including null fields, are separated by commas. The IEC 61162 format requires a checksum if included, the checksum occurs as an additional field immediately before the carriage return line-feed characters. It consists of an asterisk (*) followed by a checksum derived by exclusive OR-ing the eight data bits of each valid character preceding the asterisk, but excluding the $ symbol, in the sentence. The absolute value of the checksum is transmitted in ASCII characters representing the value in HEX. For circumstances where the Meridian Gyrocompass retransmits serial data using the same IEC 61162 sentence format supplied by an external source, it will recalculate any checksum and insert the new value into the output sentence. IEC 61162 sentences are usually transmitted once per second, however you can set a DIP switch to select a transmission update rate of either 1, 10 or 50 per second. The outputs are grouped into two channels that can be set independently. The All Data output option of heading, latitude, speed, datum, rate of turn and time sentences will always be transmitted at 1Hz.
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4.2.2 INPUTS
4.2.2.1 IEC 61162 INPUT SIGNALS The Meridian Gyrocompass will accept sentences in both the IEC 61162-1:2000(E) and NMEA 0183 version 2.1 data formats. In the following descriptions of input sentences, the Meridian Gyrocompass uses the data fields marked XXX in the IEC 61162 sentence. The system does not use the fields marked ??? and their descriptions are included here for completeness only. The gyrocompass will recognise the arriving sentence format and will extract the required data from it automatically. GPS Interface (see Table 2-3 for connection details) The Meridian Gyrocompass can accept speed, latitude, date and time inputs at the GPS interface in IEC 61162 format using GNS, RMC, GLL, GGA, VTG, VHW and ZDA sentences.
Figure 43: IEC 61162 GNS input sentence structure
$??GNS,??????.??,XXXX.XX,X,?????.??,?,X--X,??,?.?,?.?,?.?,?.?,?.?*??[CRLF]
East/West
Mode Indicator
HDOP
Total number of satellites in use, 0-99
Antenna altitude, m, re:mean-sea-level (geoid)
Age of differential data
Geoidal seperation, m
Checksum field Carriage return Line-feed characters
Longtitude
Figure 44: IEC 61162 RMC input sentence structure
$??RMC,??????.??,X,XXXX.XX,X,?????.??,?,X.X,?.?,??????,?.?,?,X[CRLF]
Status, A= valid, V=Nav. Receiver warning
Mnemonic for Recommended Min GPS data
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Magnetic variation indicator east or West Mode Indicator
Start character Talker identifier (any characters)
Course over ground in degrees
Mnemonic for North or South
Latitude (ddmm.mm
Longitude (dddmm.mm)
UTC of position (hhmmss.ss)
Ground speed in knots
Date of fix
Magnetic variation in degrees
Mnemonic for East or West
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Carriage return Line-feed characters
Differential reference station ID
Latitude (ddmm.mm)
Mnemonic for GNSS fix data
UTC of position
North/South
Start character Talker identifier Start character Talker identifier (any characters) Mnemonic for GPS fix data Mnemonic for geographical Lat and Lon Start character Talker identifier (any characters)
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Mnemonic for Datum reference Local datum UTC of position (hhmmss.ss)
Technical Data
Local datum subdivision code Latitude offset North/South Longitude offset Latitude (ddmm.mm Mnemonic for North or South Longitude (dddmm.mm) East/West Altitude offset, m Reference datum Checksum field Mnemonic for East or West GPS quality indicator Number of satellites in use (00 - 12) Horizontal dilution of precision Antenna altitude relative to mean sea level Mnemonic for metres Geoidal separation Mnemonic for metres Age of differential GPS data Differential reference station (0000 - 1023) Carriage return Line-feed characters
Latitude (ddmm.mm) Mnemonic for North or South Longitude (dddmm.mm)
Figure 45: IEC 61162 GLL input sentence structure
Figure 47: IEC 61162 DTM input sentence structure
Figure 46: IEC 61162 GGA input sentence structure
$??DTM,???,?,?.?,?,?.?,?,?.?,???*hh[CRLF]
$??GLL,XXXX.XX,X,?????.??,?,??????.??,X,X[CRLF]
$??GGA,??????.??,XXXX.XX,X,?????.??,?,X,??,?.?,?.?,?,?.?,?,?.?,????[CRLF]
Mnemonic for East or West
UTC of position (hhmmss.ss)
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Status Mode Indicator Carriage return Line-feed characters
Start character Talker identifier (any characters) Mnemonic for ground course and speed Course in degrees and tenths Mnemonic for True heading Course in degrees and tenths Mnemonic for Magnetic heading Speed in knots Mnemonic for knots Speed in km/h Mnemonic for km/h Mode indicator Carriage return Line-feed characters Longitudinal water speed, knots Transverse water speed, knots Status: water speed, A= valid, V= not valid Longitudinal ground speed, knots Transverse ground speed, knots Status: ground speed, A= valid, V= not valid Stern transverse water speed, knots Status: stern water speed, A= valid, V= not valid Stern transverse ground speed, knots Status: stern ground speed, A= valid, V= not valid Checksum field Carriage return Line-feed characters
$??VTG,?.?,?,?.?,?,X.X,X,XX.X,X,X[CRLF]
Start character Talker identifier (any characters) Mnemonic for Dual ground/water speed
Figure 49: IEC 61162 VTG input sentence structure
Figure 48: IEC 61162 VBW input sentence structure
Figure 410: IEC 61162 VHW input sentence structure
$??VBW,?.?,?.?,?,X.X,?.?,X,?.?,?,?.?,?*hh[CRLF]
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Start character Talker identifier (any characters) Start character Talker identifier (any characters) Mnemonic for Time and Date Mnemonic for Dual ground/water speed Longitudinal water speed, knots Transverse water speed, knots Status: water speed, A= valid, V= not valid Longitudinal ground speed, knots Transverse ground speed, knots Status: ground speed, A= valid, V= not valid Stern transverse water speed, knots Status: stern water speed, A= valid, V= not valid Stern transverse ground speed, knots Status: stern ground speed, A= valid, V= not valid Checksum field Carriage return Line-feed characters
Log Interface (see Table 2-3 for connection details) The Meridian Gyrocompass can accept speed inputs at the Log interface in IEC 61162 format using VBW, VTG and VHW sentences only.
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Mnemonic for ground course and speed
Course in degrees and tenths
Technical Data
Mnemonic for True heading
UTC (hhmmss.ss)
Course in degrees and tenths
Mnemonic for Magnetic heading
Day of month (01 to 31) Month of year (01 to 12) Year Local zone hours (00 to 13) Local zone minutes (00 to +59) Carriage return Line-feed characters
Speed in knots
Mnemonic for knots
Figure 413: IEC 61162 VTG input sentence structure
Figure 411: IEC 61162 ZDA input sentence structure
Figure 412: IEC 61162 VBW input sentence structure
$??VTG,?.?,?,?.?,?,X.X,X,XX.X,X,X[CRLF]
$??ZDA,XXXXXX.XX,XX,XX,XXXX,??,??[CRLF]
$??VBW,?.?,?.?,?,X.X,?.?,X,?.?,?,?.?,?*hh[CRLF]
Speed in km/h
Mnemonic for km/h Mode indicator
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Figure 414: IEC 61162 VHW input sentence structure
4.2.2.2 PULSED INPUT The Meridian Gyrocompass can accept a speed input as a series of pulses or contact closures occurring at a frequency of 100, 200 or 400 per nautical mile as selected by a DIP switch. Refer to Table 2-5. The gyrocompass determines the vessel speed by reference against the microprocessor timing circuits. The speed pulses do not need to have a particular mark/space ratio, although they should be TTL-level. Contact closures should be of good quality and electrically floating.
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Technical Data
4.2.3 OUTPUTS
4.2.3.1 IEC 61162 OUTPUT SIGNALS The Meridian Gyrocompass can output serial data through RS232 and RS422 transmit-only serial lines using the IEC 61162-1:2000(E) format. The output of each channel can be set independently, using DIP switches, to contain either: 1. Heading - as described below, OR 2. Heading and Rate of turn - as described below, OR 3. Rate of turn only - as described below, OR 4. All data - all information described below, transmitted in the order stated
Heading information is transmitted using an HDT format sentence. The resolution of the heading information can be set to one or two decimal places at the DIP switches. Refer to Figures 415 for a description of this output format. Rate of turn information is transmitted using a ROT format sentence. Refer to Figure 416 for a description of this output format. Speed information is transmitted using a VTG format sentence if the gyrocompass is configured for manual or a pulsed speed log input. The VTG sentence also has provision for Heading and this is inserted at a resolution as set by the DIP switches. Refer to Figure 418 for a description of this output format. If the gyrocompass is configured for a GPS speed input and the speed information arrives at the gyrocompass in either VBW, RMC, VTG or VHW format, then the gyrocompass will retransmit the received format modifying the sentence to include the HE talker identifier. Refer to Figures 417, 421, 418, and 419 for a description of these output formats. Datum reference is retransmitted if the DTM sentence is received on the GPS input. The gyrocompass will re-transmit the received sentence modifying it to include the HE talker identifier. Refer to Figure 424 for a description of this output format. Latitude information is transmitted using a GLL format sentence if the gyrocompass is configured for manual latitude input. Refer to Figure 422 for a description of this output format. If the gyrocompass is configured for a GPS latitude input and the latitude information arrives at the gyrocompass in either GNS, RMC, GLL, or GGA format, then the gyrocompass will retransmit the received sentence modifying the sentence to include the HE talker identifier. Refer to Figures 420, 421, 422 and 423 for a description of these output formats. Date and time information is transmitted using a ZDA format sentence. The gyrocompass will transmit the ZDA sentence including the HE talker identifier. If this information is received from a GPS source, all fields will be retransmitted. If there is no valid date and time from an external source, the gyrocompass will transmit the ZDA sentence with empty data fields. Refer to Figure 425 for a description of this output format. If the All Data output format is selected at the DIP switches, the transmission update rate for that channel will be at 1Hz regardless of the setting of the channel update rate. The All Data output is not suitable for HSC applications.
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Mnemonic for Dual ground/water speed
Longitudinal water speed, knots
Transverse water speed, knots
Status: water speed, A= valid, V= not valid
Longitudinal ground speed, knots
Transverse ground speed, knots
Status: ground speed, A= valid, V= not valid
Stern transverse water speed, knots
Figure 415: IEC 61162 HDT output sentence structure
Figure 416: IEC 61162 ROT output sentence structure
Figure 417: IEC 61162 VBW output sentence structure
Status: stern water speed, A= valid, V= not valid
Stern transverse ground speed, knots Checksum field
$HEVBW,?.?,?.?,?,?.?,?.?,?,?.?,?,?.?,?*hh[CRLF]
In the following descriptions of output sentences, the gyrocompass sets the contents of fields marked XXX and leaves unchanged the fields marked ???
Status: stern ground speed, A= valid, V= not valid
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Start character Talker identifier (any characters) Mnemonic for vector heading and water speed Heading in degrees and tenths Mnemonic for True heading Heading in degrees and tenths Mnemonic for Magnetic heading Speed in knots Mnemonic for knots Speed in km/h Mnemonic for km/h Carriage return Line-feed characters
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Mnemonic for GNSS fix data
Technical Data
UTC of position
Latitude (ddmm.mm)
Figure 418: IEC 61162 VTG output sentence structure
Figure 420: IEC 61162 GNS output sentence structure
Figure 419: IEC 61162 VHW output sentence structure
$HEVHW,???.?,?,???.?,?,??.?,?,??.?,?[CRLF]
In GPS mode, only the talker identifier is changed In manual mode, the magnetic course fields are empty.
$HEGNS,??????.??,????.??,?,?????.??,?,????,??,?.?,?.?,?.?,?.?,?.?*??[CRLF]
North/South
Longtitude
East/West
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Mode Indicator
Total number of satellites in use, 0-99 HDOP
Antenna altitude, m, re:mean-sea-level (geoid)
Geoidal seperation, m
Age of differential data
Differential reference station ID
Checksum field
Figure 421: IEC 61162 RMC output sentence structure
Figure 422: IEC 61162 GLL output sentence structure
In GPS mode, only the talker identifier is changed In manual mode, the longitude and UTC fields are empty.
Figure 423: IEC 61162 GGA output sentence structure
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Technical Data
Figure 424: IEC 61162 DTM output sentence structure
$HEDTM,???,?,?.?,?,?.?,?,?.?,???*hh[CRLF]
Latitude offset
Local datum subdivision code
Altitude offset, m
Reference datum
Checksum field Local zone minutes (00 to +59) Carriage return Line-feed characters
Local datum
Figure 425: IEC 61162 ZDA output sentence structure
$HEZDA,??????.??,??,??,????,??,??[CRLF]
Year
4.2.4 IEC 61162 SENTENCE WITH CHECKSUM

When the checksum is to be sent with any of the above IEC 61162 sentences, it appears as an extra field inserted before the carriage return character as shown by example in Figure 4-25.
Figure 426: IEC 61162 sentence with optional checksum
The checksum consists of an asterisk followed by the checksum calculated by exclusive OR-ing the eight data bits of each valid character preceding the asterisk, but excluding the $ symbol, in the sentence. The Meridian Gyrocompass transmits the absolute value of the checksum in ASCII characters representing the value in HEX.
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Mnemonic for Time and Date
Local zone hours (00 to 13)
Start character Talker identifier
UTC (hhmmss.ss)
Month of year (01 to 12)
Day of month (01 to 31)
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Longitude offset
Start character Talker identifier
Mnemonic for Datum reference
North/South
East/West
4.2.5 OTHER OUTPUT FORMATS

4.2.5.1 COURSE RECORDER OUTPUT The following ASCII data shall be transmitted on the Course Recorder Output every minute, in a suitable format to be output on an 80 column line printer.
Table 41: Course Recorder Output Sentences Heading Latitude Hemisphere Speed Kts Time Date 999.99 99 N or S 99 hh:mm:ss dd/mm/yy
359.99 True Lat 52 N Spd 10 Kts UTC 13:34:01 01/01/2001
Date and time will only be output if a valid ZDA sentence is available on the GPS input.
4.2.5.2 SYNCHRO OUTPUT The synchro heading output is available continuously at TB2 on the Distribution Board while the gyrocompass is powered-on refer to Table 2-4 for connector details. The output is at 11.8V maximum line-to-line voltage derived electrically from a 1:1 resolver driven directly by the gyrocompass azimuth gimbal. The synchro reference voltage is a nominal 26V 400Hz supply generated internally. Electrical loading specification:

Not less than 5k between any two S lines. Not less than 1k between the two R lines.
4.2.5.3 RESOLVER OUTPUT The resolver heading output is available continuously at TB2 on the Distribution Board while the gyrocompass is powered-on refer to Table 2-4 for connection details. The output is at 8V maximum voltage per phase signal from a 1:1 resolver driven directly by the gyrocompass azimuth gimbal. The resolver reference voltage, which is generated internally, can be set nominal 36V 400Hz or 10V 400Hz by jumper JP30 on PCB929066. The factory default setting is 36V 400Hz. The resolver sine and cosine outputs must be electrically isolated from each other. Contact the TSS (International) Ltd Service Department for technical advice if necessary. Electrical loading specification:

Not less than 5k between any two S lines. Not less than 1k between the two R lines.
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Technical Data 4.2.5.4 STEPPER S-CODE The stepper S-code output is available continuously at TB2 on the Distribution Board while the gyrocompass is powered-on refer to Table 2-4 for connection details. The stepper output is a TTL compatible S-encoded signal with a 10mA sink capacity. 4.2.5.5 RATE OF TURN The ROT output is calculated by the internal processor updated at 10Hz and made available continuously at TB3 on the Distribution Board while the gyrocompass is powered-on refer to Table 2-4 for connection details. The ROT output is a bipolar analogue voltage in the range 10V to represent rates of turn from 60 to +60 per minute or 20 to +20 per second by DIP-switches. Refer to Table 2-4 . Positive rates of turn are to starboard.
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Maintenance
5 MAINTENANCE
WARNING There is a danger of serious injury from voltages inside the Meridian Gyrocompass . Do not remove the gyrocompass cover unless you have the necessary skills and experience to perform maintenance work on a system of this nature. Always power-off the system before you remove the cover for maintenance work. Observe all local safety regulations as you work on the equipment. Reconnect the safety grounding straps and refit all safety covers to the equipment before you power-on the system. CAUTION Perform maintenance instructions only if you have the skills and experience required, and only when necessary. Inappropriate tampering with the internal controls and components of the gyrocompass can lead to damage or serious performance degradation. NEVER open the gyrocompass cover or make any adjustments inside the gyrocompass unless you are entirely confident in your actions. There is very little need for user maintenance on the Meridian Gyrocompass and you should never need to remove the covers. The following sub-sections explain some very basic procedures that you may attempt if you suspect the system has developed a fault. If you are in any doubt, contact TSS (International) Ltd for advice and technical assistance before you begin any maintenance work on the system. 5.1 Built-in Test Equipment Page 1
The Meridian Gyrocompass performs a self-test routine during the initialisation sequence and monitors its status continually during normal operation. Any deviation from normal operation appears as an error message, with the cause declared as a message on the four-character display panel. This sub-section explains some very basic tests and adjustments that you may perform on the system. 5.2 Test Connector Page 3
There is a 60-way test connector that allows you to measure critical voltages and signals.
5.1 BUILT-IN TEST EQUIPMENT

A Test Box (TSS (International) Ltd part number 929220) is available to facilitate connection to the 60-way connector. In Subsection 3.4.3 there is a list of warning codes and failure codes delivered by the built-in test equipment if it detects a fault in the gyrocompass. In these conditions, the four-character display will show <Message> + FAIL
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Meridian Gyrocompass If the built in test equipment detects a fault, use the following table to investigate the cause. You can measure the voltages and signals on the pins of the 60-way test connector (refer to Table 5.2 for details of the test connector).
Table 51: Test Measurements Failure Code dc+fail Failure of DC power supply Measure DC supply 42 (+ve) to 43 44 (+ve) to 43 17 (+ve) to 18 50 (+ve) to 51 52 (+ve) to 51 45 (+ve) to 18 19 to 43 20 to 43 21 to 43 58 to 43 57 (+ve) to 18 58 to 43 53 (+ve) to 51 54 (+ve) to 51 Expected value 18V DC to 36V DC +24V DC 0.5V DC 24V DC 0.5V DC +5V DC 0.1V DC +15V DC 0.2V DC 15V DC 0.2V DC +5V DC (+0.2V/0.7V DC) 2.5V AC 0.125V AC @ 19.2kHz 14V AC 1V @ 480Hz (18V AC 1.5V at start (1-min)) 14V AC 1V @ 480Hz (18V AC 1.5V at start (1-min)) 12V AC 0.2V @ 400Hz +5V DC 0.2V DC 12V AC 0.2V @ 400Hz (5.4V DC 0.5V DC) sin heading (5.4V DC 0.5V DC) cos heading 50 way IDC Cable (Part Number B929157) + 5V DC Power Supply 5 way Cable Loom (Part Number B929161) >300o/s Check Gyro connection to the analogue PCB Signal source Ships mains/PSU DC/DC PSU DC/DC PSU DC/DC PSU Control Board analogue Control Board analogue Control Board analogue Control Board analogue Control Board analogue Control Board analogue Control Board analogue Control Board analogue Control Board analogue Control Board analogue Control Board analogue
ac+fail Failure of AC power supply
rdc+Fail Failure of synchro-todigital converter rMT+fail Loss of RCU communication ROT+fail Rate of turn exceed limit Temp+fail Temperature exceeds operating range
<-20oC >+60oC
Check operating environment and ventilation
5.1.1 AZIMUTH DRIFT ADJUSTMENT

You may use the following procedure to measure and, if necessary, adjust the azimuth drift: 1. Ensure that the gyrocompass is static and is operating in DG mode with the Speed input set manually to zero and the Latitude set to local latitude. Refer to sub-sections 3.3.1 to set the latitude, 3.3.2 to set the speed and 3.3.3 to set DG mode. 2. Note the initial heading (H1) shown on the RCU display. 3. Wait for one hour and then note the heading (H2) shown on the RCU display. 4. Calculate the azimuth drift rate (H2 H1) degrees per hour. 5. Use a digital meter set to measure DC volts and monitor the Tilt Bias between pins 30 and 51 of the 60-way test connector (with the positive test lead on pin 30).
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Maintenance 6. Adjust the Tilt Bias potentiometer RV7 by 400mV drift rate (/hr). You must turn the potentiometer anticlockwise to compensate for azimuth drift towards higher readings. Figure 24 shows the location of the Tilt Bias potentiometer. 7. Repeat steps 2 to 6 above until the calculated drift rate is less than 0.2/hr. 8. Refer to sub-section 3.3.3 to deselect the DG mode.
5.1.2 AZIMUTH BIAS ADJUSTMENT

You may use the following procedure to eliminate small angles of heading error from the Meridian Gyrocompass . Measure and, if necessary, adjust for azimuth drift as described in sub-section 5.1.1 above before you adjust the azimuth bias. Take care when you adjust azimuth bias make only small adjustments each time and then allow the gyrocompass to settle for three hours before you make any further adjustments. Note the original position of the azimuth bias control before you start so that you can restore the starting condition if necessary. 1. Use a digital meter set to measure DC volts and monitor the Azimuth Bias between pins 29 and 51 of the 60-way test connector (with the positive test lead on pin 29). 2. Adjust the Azimuth Bias potentiometer RV9 to cause a change in the azimuth bias voltage that will produce the necessary change in compass heading. Figure 24 shows the location of the Azimuth Bias potentiometer. 3. Turn the Azimuth Bias potentiometer anticlockwise to cause the heading to change towards a lower reading. A 60mV DC change in Azimuth Bias will produce a 1-degree change in heading.
5.2 TEST CONNECTOR

There is a sixty-way test connector accessible behind the removable panel on the top of the gyrocompass cover. Release and remove the securing screws and lift off the panel to see the two DIP switches and the test connector. A test box (TSS part number 929220) is available to facilitate connection to the 60-way test connector.
Table 52: Sixty-way Test Connector Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Name S1_SYNCHRO S2_SYNCHRO_RES S3_SYNCHRO_RES 26V_SYNCHRO_R1 0V_SYNCHRO_RES GA_MODE GC_MODE AA_MODE LAT_NS SERVO_EN Function 11.8V RMS 400Hz synchro S1 phase 11.8V RMS 400Hz synchro S2 phase 11.8V RMS 400Hz synchro S3 phase 26V RMS 400Hz synchro R1 reference 26V RMS 400Hz synchro R1 reference Directional gyro mode control (+5V logic) Gyrocompass mode control (+5V logic) Auto alignment mode control (+5V logic) Latitude north selection control (+5V logic) Tilt and azimuth servo enable control (+5V logic)
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Table 52: Sixty-way Test Connector Pin 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Name WHEEL_BOOST LOG_OK GPS_OK SYS_FAIL GYRO_RDY PREPARE VCC GND PICK_OFF_SUPPLY_1 WHEEL_SUPPLY_1 WHEEL_SUPPLY_2 PWMO ACC 10V _10V LAT_TORQ SPEED_N_TORQ SPEED_E_TORQ AZ_BIAS TILT_BIAS TILT_TEMP AZ_TEMP T T_ TILT_TORQUER_LO AZ_TORQUER_LO TILT_PICK_OFF_DC AZ_PICK_OFF_DC 18V10V -18V10V UP_DOWN 24V Function Gyro wheel supply boost control (+5V logic) Speed log OK flag (+5V logic) GPS OK flag (+5V logic) System fail flag (+5V logic) Gyrocompass ready flag (+5V logic) Prepare mode (servo nulling) (+5V logic) 5V DC supply 5V DC supply return Gyro pick off supply 2.5V RMS 19.2kHz sine wave Gyro wheel supply 0 phase 10V (18V) RMS 480Hz square wave Gyro wheel supply 90 phase 10V (18V) RMS 480Hz square wave Compass card illumination PWM control 5V 85Hz square wave Gravity control signal 150mV DC/min T=60s 10V DC positive voltage reference 10V DC negative voltage reference Latitude torquing input signal (10 sin[latitude])V DC Speed N torque i/p signal (7.3e3 speed(kts) cos[heading]) Speed E torque i/p signal (8.5e3 speed(kts) sin[heading] tan[latitude]V DC Bias adj. to azimuth torquer 2.2V DC (60mV/deg heading) Bias adj. to tilt torquer 2.2V DC (400mV/deg/hour heading) Bias adj. to tilt torquer proportional to temperature (400mV/deg/hr heading) Bias adj. to azimuth torquer proportional to temperature (60mV/deg/hr heading) Temperature ref (non-inverted) from gimbal thermistor (DC V proportional to temp) Temperature ref (inverted) from gimbal thermistor (DC V proportional to temp) Tilt torquer signal 0.013V DC/mA (torquer scale factor 10/hr/mA) Azimuth torquer signal 0.006V DC/mA (torquer scale factor 10/hr/mA) Demodulated gyroscope tilt pick-off signal Demodulated gyroscope azimuth pick-off signal Gyro wheel positive supply Gyro wheel negative supply Accelerometer - Slave comparator 24V DC positive supply
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Table 52: Sixty-way Test Connector Pin 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 Name 0V 24V PSU_LO NOT USED ACC_COS_LAT SLAVE ROT 15V 0Va 15V SIN_DC COS_DC RS232_RX_TEST RS232_TX_TEST AC_OK 400_REF_HI AZ_MOTOR_HI TILT_MOTOR_HI Latitude weighted gravity control signal (150/cos latitude)mV DC/min Slave accelerometer gravity control signal (10mV/bit) Analogue rate of turn output (0.5V DC/deg/s (10V DC max) CW +ve; ACW ve 15V DC positive supply Supply return for 15V DC 15V DC negative supply Analogue voltage proportional to sin(heading) (0.1V DC/deg heading) Analogue voltage proportional to cos(heading) (0.1V DC/deg heading) RS232 receive port reserved for product testing RS232 transmit port diagnostic output sentence AC supply (19kHz, 480Hz and 400Hz) OK flag (+5V DC logic) Reference supply 12V RMS 400Hz Drive to azimuth follow-up DC servo motor Drive to tilt follow-up DC servo motor Function Supply return for 24V DC 24V DC negative supply PSU (+5V DC and 15V DC) under voltage flag (+5V DC logic)
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5.3 DIAGNOSTIC OUTPUT SENTENCE

An ASCII character diagnostic sentence, delivered via RS232 line standard at 4800 baud, is available at test connector PL6/56-18(GND).
Note that this sentence information is only valid for gyrocompasses fitted with software of the following version or higher: BPR 113 (main) and BPR 114 (RCU).
It may be useful to monitor this sentence when communicating with TSS (International) Ltd for technical assistance. The sentence string may be read using "Microsoft Terminal" or similar ASCII reader.
Sentence Structure
1 = slave accelerometer (new hardware) S = special gyro control mode for HSC (for gyrocompasses with serial numbers later than 3500) R = real accelerometer (original hardware) A = special applications only (original hardware) Mode L = level A = alignment C = compass D = DG Status F = fail R = ready S = settle Latitude (degrees) xx Hemisphere N or S Speed (knots) xx Average Accelerometer (bits) Paxxx ADC 1 (bits) ADC 2 (bits) ADC 3 (bits) ADC 4 (bits) ADC 5 (bits) DAC 1a (bits) DAC 1b (bits) DAC 2a (bits) DAC 2b (bits) DAC 3a (bits) DAC 3b (bits) Heading (degrees) rxxx hxxx txxx axxx Txxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx $HEHDT,xxx.xx,T Gyro Control
Sentence Example
R CR 51N 06 Pa128r128h128 t128a128 T096 160 198 000 000 128 128 $HEHDT,000.00,T
During start-up, the Mode and Status characters will change in the following sequence: 1. 2. 3. LS AS CR for about 4 minutes for 25 - 60 minutes (dependent upon initial heading misalignment) in READY mode and functioning
Ensure that the Latitude and Speed values in the sentence correspond with the automatic or manually set values applied to the gyrocompass. Ensure that the Heading value in the sentence is correct.
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Input Signals Output Signals Power Power Remote ON/OFF Control Serial & Digital Input Signals Serial Output Signals Remote ON/OFF Communications Analogue Heading Signals Communications REMOTE CONTROL BOARD 929049 DISTRIBUTION BOARD 929078
DPN 060070
ANALOGUE CONTROL BOARD 929066 GIMBAL ASSY 929033 Accelerometer Signal Accelerometer (vertical sensor) Thermistor (temp sensor) Tilt Torquer DISPLAY BOARD 929045 Azimuth Torquer
Switch I/Ps Display Driver Signals
Maintenance
Figure 51: System Block Diagram
DIGITAL CONTROL BOARD 929083
Accelerometer Signal (high gain)

Temp Sensor Signal Temp Sensor Signal Tilt Torquer Control Signal Azimuth Torquer Control Signal Resolver Heading Signal (sin/cos) Resolver Tilt P.O. Signal (d.c.) Tilt Pickoff Signal (a.c.) Tilt Pickoff 5Vd.c. Tilt Motor Drive Signal Tilt Motor Azimuth Pickoff Signal (a.c.) Azimuth Pickoff Azimuth Motor Drive Signal Azimuth Motor Illumination Control 24-0-24Vd.c. Gyro Spin Motor Supply 5Vd.c. Gyro Spin Motor Illumination TEST CONNECTOR
Analogue Control Signals
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Resolver Heading Signal (d.c.)
Azimuth P.O. Signal (d.c.)
DC/DC PSU 929074
24Vd.c.
FILTERS #1 & #2
1 2 4 5 3 H 8 7 6
Figure 52: Gimbal Assembly Functional Diagram
1. Damper 2. Gyro spin motor 3. Tilt torquer 4. Azimuth torquer 5. Accelerometer 6. Azimuth pickoff 7. Tilt pickoff 8. Thermistor 9. Tilt motor 10. Azimuth motor
N-S
9 Y
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X 10 Resolver Tilt Pickoff Signal Azimuth Motor Drive Signal 400Hz Sin H Cos H
Azimuth Pickoff Signal
Temperature Sensor Signal
Tilt Motor Drive Signal
Azimuth Torquer Control Signal
Accelerometer Signal (Acc)
Tilt Torquer Control Signal
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Figure 53: Analogue Control Board Block Diagram
DIGITAL CONTROL BOARD Temperature To Tilt & Azimuth temperature pots ANALOGUE CONTROL BOARD T+ TPRECISION REFERENCE +V Ref -V Ref Align Run TILT TORQUER COIL +/Hemisphere V.Sin H.Tan R Easterly speed correction Hemisphere +/AMPLIFIER & FILTER SCALING & SHAPING COMPARATOR 19.2 Khz Ref Servo Enable Hemisphere (+/-) Azimuth Pickoff (d.c.) +/SCALING & SHAPING AMPLIFIER & FILTER TILT PICKOFF COILS TILT MOTOR +/THERMISTOR AMPLIFIER TILT TEMP T+ TTILT BIAS -V Ref +V Ref GIMBAL ASSEMBLY THERMISTOR (temp sensor)
Acc/Cos
North seaking
Sin
Latitude correction
Tilt Pickoff (d.c.) Align Run DG
M Servo Enable
M Servo Enable
AZIMUTH MOTOR AZIMUTH PICKOFF COILS
Acc (Low Gain) Align DG Run V.Cos H R Wheel Boost -24V REGNortherly speed correction +24V REG+ T+ TAZIMUTH TEMP 19.2Khz BANDPASS FILTER
= 60s
ACCELEROMETER (vertical sensor)
Acc (High Gain)
X10
Damping
AZIMUTH TORQUER COIL
+V Ref -V Ref AZIMUTH BIAS 19.2Khz Ref 2.5V 19.2Khz Pickoff Supply
= earth rotation (15/hr) V = speed (knots x 6080 ft/hr) R = earth radius (20.9 x 106 ft) = local latitude (deg) H = gyro heading (deg) = time constant Acc = accelerometer signal
10V/18V 480Hz 0 3.6Mhz PLD
480Hz 180 480Hz 90 480Hz 270
10V/18V 480Hz Gyro Spin Motor Supply
400Hz AC OK 400Hz Ref 400Hz Ref MONO STABLE
10V/18V 36V R4 26V R1 0V R2 400Hz Reference Phase 26V Synchro 36V Resolver 8V.Sin H 8V.Cos H
BANDPASS FILTER
RESOLVER ROTOR
Rate of Turn
RoT +/- 10V
RESOLVER STATOR
Sin H 400Hz Ref Cos H 400Hz Ref
+/-
S1 Heading Outputs 11.8V Synchro 8V Resolver
+/-
S3 S4
S2
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Figure 54: Digital Control Board/Remote Control Board Block Diagram
DISTRIBUTION BOARD System Fail System Ready Stepper O/P 3 x RS232 IEC 61162 9 x RS422 IEC 61162 RS422 Heading/ROT GPS Serial NMEA 0183 All Data Speed Log Serial Speed Log Pulses OPTOCOUPLER DIGITAL CONTROL BOARD
ANALOGUE CONTROL BOARD
= earth rotation (15/hr) V = speed (knots x 6080 ft/hr) R = earth radius (20.9 x 106 ft) = local latitude (deg) H = gyro heading (deg) = time constant Acc = accelerometer signal
RS232/ RS422 I/F RS422 DRIVERS RS232 DRIVERS
DATA BUS
Remote Control
RS422 DRIVER MAX487 RX TX P4 P2
DUART SCN2681 CS
EPROM 27C512 AC OK ADDR. DECODER CS
ANALOGUE ADDR. BUS MUX & P0 10 BIT ADC
Temperature Azimuth Pickoff (d.c.)

Tilt Pickoff (d.c.) Acc (Low Gain) Acc (High Gain) Sin H Cos H 400Hz Ref
Temperature Azimuth Pickoff (d.c.) Tilt Pickoff (d.c.) Acc (Low Gain) Acc (High Gain)
PWMO uCONTROLLER 80C552 X1 P4
RAM HM62256
XTAL AC OK CS
EPROM 28C16A
DG Mode
PSU SUPERVISORY MAX8213 DC PSU
LATCH LS373
CS RESOLVER TO DIGITAL CONVERTER Sin H Cos H 400Hz Ref CS Course Recorder Spare RS232/ RS422 I/F DUART SCN2681 LATCH LS373
CS CS DAC AD7528
Align Run DG Servo Enable Hemisphere (+/-) Wheel Boost

Acc (Low Gain)
Acc/Cos
Sin
10V Ref Cos H
CS DAC AD7528 Sin H CS DAC AD7528 10V Ref
V.Cos H R
V.Sin H.Tan R Rate of Turn
Remote Control
RS422 DRIVER MAX487 RX TX
EPROM 27C512 CS P2 P0 ADDR. BUS CS
ADDR. DECODER
CS
RAM HM62256
REMOTE CONTROL BOARD
PWMO uCONTROLLER 80C32 X1 P4
DATA BUS
RESET WATCHDOG MAX813L WD1 PFO
RESET
EPROM 28C16A CS DISPLAY DRIVER CS LATCH LS373 CS LATCH LS373 READY DISPLAY SYSTEM FAIL SOUNDER
XTAL
KEYBOARD
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Maintenance
Table 53: Spares list for Meridian Gyrocompass TSS P/N 929033 929066 929083 929049 929045 929074 856000 929160 346808 929164 929190 930626 929220 Description Gimbal assembly Control Board Analogue Control Board Digital Control Board Remote Display Board DC/DC Power Supply Filter #1 (Schaffner) Filter #2 (Vicor) Fuse link 3.15A 250V Gland Plate assembly RCU Mounting Kit Transit case Test box
DPN 060070
Issue 3.11
Issue 3.11
DPN 060070
Index
A
Adjustments Azimuth bias 53 Azimuth drift 52 Test connector 53 Tilt bias 52 Alignment 24, 213 Analogue Rate of Turn DIP-switch settings 212 Output connection 29 Specification 42, 417 Azimuth bias adjustment 53
G
GPS Baud Rates 42 Corrections for gyrocompass 13, 15 Data formats 44 Input socket connections 28 Loss of GPS 36 Gyro failure 37 Gyrocompass configuration 211
H
High Speed Craft See Vessel Dynamics
C
Cable types 24 Cautions All 11 Handling 22 Making external connecting 25 Operating limitations 41 Power supply 41 Removing power 22 Repair and adjustment 51 See Warnings Tilt limits 23 Ventilation 23 Controls 32 Corrections See Latitude Correction See Speed Correction Course recorder output 416
I
IEC61162 Data Format 45 Input data formats 46 Specification 43 Inputs Connections 28 Power connections 27 Pulsed speed log 410 Speed log 49 Installation Alignment 24, 213 Choosing a location 23 DIP switches 211 Installation Drawings 214 Suitable cables 24 Tools 24 Vessel Dynamics 310
D
DG Directional Gyro 35 DIP switches 211 Dip switches Analogue rate of turn 212 Outputs 212 Vessel dynamics 212
L
Latitude Correction Automatic 15 Enabling 34 GPS data formats 44 Manual 34 RCU display formats 32
E
Error modes GPS 36 Gyro failure 37, 38 Relay output connections 29 See Maintenance Speed log 36
M
Maintenance Error modes 36 Operation during lay-up 39 Test box 51 Test connector 53
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Index Page 1 of 2
N
NMEA Data Format 45 Input data formats 46 Log input data formats 49 Specification 43 NMEA data formats 45
S
Speed Correction Automatic 15 Enabling 35 GPS data formats 44 Input connections 28 Log Data formats 49 Pulsed log input 410 RCU display formats 32 Speed Log Baud Rate 42 Input connections 28 Loss of speed signal 36 Serial data formats 49 Stepper S-code output 417 Synchro output 416 Synchro output connections 29
O
Operation Continuous operation 39 During lay-up 39 Power failure 39 Power-off 22, 39 Power-on 33 Vessel Dynamics 310 Output formats Analogue rate of turn output 417 Course recorder 416 Resolver 416 Serial NMEA / IEC61162 45 Stepper S-code 417 Synchro 416 Outputs Application 15 Connections 29 Data formats 44
T
Test box 51 Test connector 53 Tilt bias adjustment 52
V
Vessel Dynamics Dip switches 212 Operating considerations 310
P
Power Before switching-on 33 Supply requirements 41 Switching off 22, 39
W
Warnings All 11 Disposal 42 Lifting 22 Safety of personnel 51 See Cautions See Error Messages
R
Rate of Turn See Analogue Rate of Turn Serial data format 412 RCU Controls 32 Description 14 Dimensions and Weight 42 Display formats 32 External connections 28, 29 External location 210 Installation Drawing 216 Resolver output 416
Index Page 2 of 2
Issue 3.11
DPN 060070

Meridian Gyrocompass

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Contents

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A short settling time Operation from a 24V DC electrical supply

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1.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

The gyrocompass housing The Remote Control Unit (RCU)

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1.1.2 REMOTE CONTROL UNIT

Refer to Section 3 for instructions to operate the Meridian Gyrocompass.

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1.1.3 AUXILIARY INPUTS

1.1.4 HEADING OUTPUTS

1.2 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

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2.1 UNPACKING AND INSPECTION

Section 2 Page 2 of 18 Issue 3.11

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2.2 PHYSICAL AND ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION

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2.2.2 GYROCOMPASS INSTALLATION

Section 2 Page 4 of 18 Issue 3.11

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Section 2 Page 6 of 18 Issue 3.11

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Section 2 Page 8 of 18 Issue 3.11

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Voltage free contact closure

System Fail Gyro ready

TTL Voltage free contact closure

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2.2.3 EXTERNAL REMOTE CONTROL UNIT

Section 2 Page 10 of 18Issue 3.11

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2.2.4 SET THE GYROCOMPASS DIP SWITCHES

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Section 2 Page 12 of 18Issue 3.11

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2.4 FINAL GYROCOMPASS INSTALLATION TESTS

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2.5 INSTALLATION DRAWINGS

170 180 190 20 0

260 270 280

Section 2 Page 14 of 18Issue 3.11

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170 180 190 200 21 0

260 270 280 290

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Section 2 Page 16 of 18Issue 3.11

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Section 2 Page 18 of 18Issue 3.11

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