Chapter 3

Inverted-L Antenna

3.1: Inverted-L antenna:

Now a days, almost all current communication services such as Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Digital Communication Systems (DCS), Personal Communication Services (PCS), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), and Mobile-WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) use wireless communication that requires multiband or broadband characteristics of antennas [15]. Recently, state of the art antenna for mobile phone has covered frequency bands including GSM, DCS, PCS, UMTS, and MobileWiMAX. An inverted-L antenna [16],[17] is widely used as a built-in antenna for mobile phones. This antenna can be short and small in size. The effects of the miniaturization of the mobile phone on the characteristics of the antenna and the effects on the frequency characteristics of the human body have been examined. Multiband antennas have been considered to correspond to some of the above-mentioned communication services. Methods for optimizing the shape of an antenna element and adding a parasite antenna have been reported as a technique for acquiring broadband characteristics. These methods have realized broadband characteristics by means of the two or more resonance characteristics of parasite elements located near the inverted-L antenna. Methods of optimizing the shape of an antenna element [17]and combining an antenna [18]-[20],[14] have been reported as a technique for acquiring multiband characteristics. The printed slot antenna with a compact antenna area and the PILA antenna of hexa-band operation have been reported as a technique for the miniaturization. A stub by antenna with a compact antenna volume has achieved a broadband operation including MHz band. A self-complementary antenna is known as an antenna which has broadband characteristics. A self-complementary antenna has a constant impedance of regardless of frequency because of its self-complementary structure. This type of antenna is classified as both rotationally symmetric and axially symmetric. In a rotationally symmetric antenna, a log-periodic antenna known as a broadband characteristic and many research results have been reported [21]-[23].Some research results have also been reported regarding the axially symmetric antenna [24],[25]. This type of antenna requires an infinite structure in order to achieve constant impedance. An antenna with a finite structure can achieve constant impedance if a matching load of (where is the impedance of free space) is attached at the feed point, but approximately half the power is lost. The fore mentioned multiband or broadband antennas are realized in mobile phones through the use of inverted-L antennas, with the self-complementary antenna utilized for its broadband characteristics while acquiring constant impedance at all frequencies. This antenna has broadband characteristic covering GHz.

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Chapter 3

Inverted-L Antenna

3.2 Geometry of typical inverted-L antenna:

Length

Height Ground Plane

Feed Fig.3.1: Inverted L antenna

3.3: Advantages of inverted-L antenna:

Light weight & low volume It is made by wire, so cost is low Low profile planar configuration which can be easily made conformal to host surface Low fabrication cost, hence can manufactured in large quantities Capable of dual & triple frequency operations Can be easily integrated with microwave integrated circuits

3.4: Applications of inverted -L antenna:

In mobile phones Satellites Cars Missile Aircraft

3.5 : Limitations of inverted -L antenna:

Narrow bandwidth. The single Inverted-L antenna can only be operated at the certain resonant frequency.

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