A AFV (Alternative Fueled Vehicle): Vehicle powered by a fuel other than gasoline or diesel.

AVI (Automatic Vehicle Identification): System combining an on-board transponder with roadside receivers to automate identification of vehicles. Uses include electronic toll collection and stolen vehicle detection. (See IVHS) Assembly: Labor intensive warehouse work designed to put together a finished product per the specification of individual client from several sku's stored in warehouse. Actual Weight: The actual scale weight of a shipment. See also Dimensional Weight or Chargeable Weight. Air Waybill: The contract between shipper and carrier covering international and domestic transportation of cargo to a specified destination. The air waybill may also be referred to as the source document. B Bill of Lading: The legal document that sets out the details of a shipment such as consignor, consignee, pieces, weight, product description, collect, prepaid, declared value and any particular service requirements. The bill of lading is signed by the shipper and the driver picking up the freight. Blanket Wrapping: Specialized transportation handling service designed to protect certain commodities such as furniture, large appliances, household goods, or large office machines such as copiers. Breakbulk: Carrier facility designed to unload consolidated shipments and cross dock them on to delivery vehicles. Bulk Shipment: A shipment of loose boxes or pieces. C Cab Over (Cab-Over-Engine, COE): Truck or tractor design in which the cab sits over the engine on the chassis. Cargo Weight: Combined weight of all loads, gear and supplies on a vehicle. Cartage Company: Company that provides local (within a town, city or municipality) pick-up and delivery. CDL (Commercial Driver's License): License which authorizes an individual to operate commercial motor vehicles and buses over 26,000 pounds gross vehicle weight. For operators of freight-hauling trucks, the maximum size which may be driven without a CDL is Class 6 (maximum 26,000 pounds gross vehicle weight). Chargeable Weight: Charges based on the greater of scale weight or the dimensional weight. See also Actual Weight or Dimensional Weight.

Chassis Weight (Curb Weight, Tare Weight): Weight of the empty truck, without occupants or load. COD: Not to be confused with Collect. COD is, collect upon delivery. Payment is required immediately from the consignee. Collect: Billing terms in which consignee receives freight invoices instead of the shipper. Common Carrier: Freight transportation company which serves the general public. May be regular route service (over designated highways on a regular basis) or irregular route (between various points on an unscheduled basis). Consignee: The party to which a given shipment is addressed on freight bill. Consolidation: Converting individual smaller shipments into larger, multi-shipment loads in order to achieve transportation savings. Container (Shipping Container): Standard-sized rectangular box used to transport freight by ship, rail and highway. International shipping containers are 20 or 40 feet long, conform to International Standards Organization (ISO) standards and are designed to fit in ships' holds. Containers are transported on public roads atop a container chassis towed by a tractor. Domestic containers, up to 53 feet long and of lighter construction, are designed for rail and highway use only. Contract Carrier: Company that transports freight under contract with one or a limited number of shippers. Cross Docking: The operational process of transferring freight from one truck to another at a dock facility. Usually involves skidded and shrunk-wrapped LTL freight transferred with the use of forklifts. Cube (Cubic Capacity): Interior volume of a truck body, semi-trailer or trailer, measured in cubic feet. CWT: Hundred weight increments. D Dangerous Goods: Dangerous Goods (also referred to as hazardous materials or restricted articles), are described as articles or substances that are capable of posing a significant risk to health, safety or property when transported by air. The following are some examples of dangerous goods that must be declared at time of booking: Oil-based paint and thinners (flammable liquids) Industrial solvents Insecticides, garden chemicals (fertilizers, poisons) Lithium Batteries (not in cameras) Magnetized materials Machinery (chain saws, outboard engines containing fuel) Fuel for camp stoves, lanterns, torches or heating elements

Automobile batteries Infectious substances Any compound, liquid or gas that has toxic characteristics Bleach Flammable adhesives Perfume Alcohol Refer to the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations Manual for more examples and information. Dead-Heading: Operating a truck without cargo. Declared Value: The value of goods declared by the shipper for the purposes of determining charges and/or establishing the limit of the carrier's liability for loss, damage, or delay. Valuation charges will be assessed to shippers who declare a value of goods higher than the value of the carrier's limits of liability. Dedicated Trucks: Trucks which contain freight from a single exclusive shipper. Desktop Delivery: Inside delivery of small shipment directly to end user's desk. DIM (Dimensional Weight): The space or volume of a shipment. Determined by multiplying the length by the width by the height and dividing the product by 194 for domestic shipments or by 166 for international shipments. See also Actual Weight or Chargeable Weight. E EDI (Electronic Data Interchange): The business-to-business interconnection of computers for the rapid exchange of a wide variety of documents, from bills of lading to build tickets at auto plants. Exempt Carrier: Company which transports commodities exempted from Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) economic regulation. EV (Electric Vehicle): Vehicle powered by electric motor(s) rather than by an internal combustion engine. Most common source of electricity is chemical storage batteries. F Fifth Wheel: Coupling device attached to a tractor or dolly which supports the front of a semitrailer and locks it to the tractor or dolly. The fifth wheel's center is designed to accept a trailer's kingpin, around which the trailer and tract or or dolly pivot in turns. For-Hire Carrier: Company in the business of transporting freight belonging to others (see Private Carrier). FTP (File Transfer Protocol): a set of rules for exchanging files between computers via the Internet.

G Gateway: The last city within a country that a shipment departs when going to an international destination. For example, a shipment that travels from Denver, Colorado to Chicago, Illinois to Paris, France would list Chicago, Illinois as the "Gateway". GCW (Gross Combination Weight): Total weight of a loaded combination vehicle, such as a tractor-semi-trailer or truck and full trailer(s). GVW (Gross Vehicle Weight): Total weight of a vehicle and everything aboard, including its load. GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating): Total weight a vehicle is rated to carry by the manufacturer, including its own weight and the weight of its load. H Hazmat (Hazardous Materials): as classified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Transport of hazardous materials is strictly regulated by the U.S. Department of Transportation. Headache Rack: Heavy protective barrier mounted behind the drivers seat designed to prevent "headaches" caused by load shifting forward from the trailer and crushing the cab. Hours-Of-Service: U.S. Department of Transportation safety regulations which govern the hours of service of commercial vehicle drivers engaged in interstate trucking operations. I IAC (Indirect Air Carrier): means any person or entity within the United States not in possession of a Federal Aviation Administration air carrier operating certificate, that undertakes to engage indirectly in air transportation of property and uses for all or any part of such transportation the services of a passenger air carrier. Each Indirect Air Carrier must adopt and carry out a security program that meets TSA requirements. IACMS (Indirect Air Carrier Management System): a management system used by the TSA to approve and validate new and existing Indirect Air Carriers. This management system and application is intended for freight forwarders wishing to receive TSA approval to tender cargo utilizing an Indirect Air Carrier certification. The IACMS is not intended for individuals wanting to ship cargo. New applicants and those needing to renew their security can go to the Indirect Air Carrier Management System for further information. IATA (International Air Transport Association): the air transport global trade organization who regulates the shipping of dangerous goods and publishes the IATA Dangerous

Goods Regulations manual, a globally accepted field source reference for airlines shipping hazardous materials. IATA Number: A number associated with a forwarder or broker who has been approved and is recognized by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) to receive cargo, issue air waybills and other documents for carriers and collect charges for air shipments. IVHS (Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems): Blanket term for a wide array of technologies, including electronic sensors, computer hardware and software and radio communications. The purpose of IVHS is to increase efficiency of use of existing highways, reducing travel time, fuel consumption, air pollution and accidents. There are five functional areas: Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) Advance Traffic Management Systems (ATMS) Advance Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS) Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO) A more recently coined term, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), encompasses both IVHS and modes of transportation other than highway, such as rail. J JIT (Just-In-Time): Manufacturing system which depends on frequent, small deliveries of parts and supplies to keep on-site inventory to a minimum. K Known Shipper: a person or entity that is authorized to ship cargo on Passenger Air Carriers. A systematic approach is used to assess risk and determine the legitimacy of shippers. Passenger Air Carriers and Indirect Air Carriers must comply with a broad range of specific security requirements to qualify their clients as Known Shippers. L Landing Gear: Retracting legs which support the front of a semi-trailer when it is not coupled to a tractor. Lessee: Company or individual which leases vehicles. Lessor: Company which leases vehicles. Listserv: An electronic mailing list typically used by a broad range of discussion groups. When you subscribe to a listserv, you will receive periodic email messages about the topic that you have requested.

Logbook: Book carried by truck drivers in which they record their hours of service and duty status for each 24-hour period. Required in interstate commercial trucking by the U.S. Department of Transportation. Loose Shipment: A shipment that is tendered as individual boxes or pieces. Also referred to as a Bulk Shipment. Lowboy: Open flat-bed trailer with a deck height very low to the ground, used to haul construction equipment or bulky or heavy loads. LTL (Less-Than-Truckload): A quantity of freight less than that required for the application of a truckload (TL) rate; usually less than 10,000 pounds. (See TL) LTL Carrier: trucking company which consolidates less-than-truckload cargo for multiple destinations on one vehicle. (see TL Carrier) M Mixed Charges: When the shipping and other charges are split between the shipper and the receiver (consignee). O OS&D (Over, short & damaged): A report designed to provide all exception from a consolidated shipment once received by delivering carrier. This report is critical in the transfer of cargo liability. Oversized Package: A package that is between 84" and 130" in length and girth but weighs less than 30 lbs. will be rated at the 30 lbs. small package rate. (This is a standard provision established by UPS). Owner-Operator: people who own and operate his/her own truck(s). P P&D: Pickup and delivery. Payload: Weight of the cargo being hauled. Pedal Runs: LTL shipments loaded onto trailer such that the truck can drop them off in order on a given route. Pick & Pack: The fulfillment of orders of more than one sku into a shipping container from the warehouse floor. Pigtail: Cable used to transmit electrical power from the tractor to the trailer. Piggyback: Semi-trailer built with reinforcements to withstand transport by a railroad flatcar. POD: Proof of delivery. Prepaid: When the shipper is responsible for payment of charges.

Private Carrier: Business which operates trucks primarily for the purpose of transporting its own products and raw materials. The principle business activity of a private carrier is not transportation. (See For-Hire Carrier) Pup Trailer: Short semi-trailer, usually between 26 and 32 feet long, with a single axle. R Recovery: The act of picking up a shipment at the destination. Recovery Time: The amount of time it takes to process a shipment and have it available for pick up after a flight arrives at the final destination. Reefer: Refrigerated trailer with insulated walls and a self-powered refrigeration unit. Most commonly used for transporting food. Relay (Relay Driving): Common practice in the less-than-truckload industry, in which one driver takes a truck for 8 to 10 hours, then turns the truck over to another driver, pony express style. RFG (Reformulated Gasoline): Gasoline blended with pollution reducing additives. S Scale Weight:The actual weight of a shipment. Shipping Weight: "Dry" weight of a truck including all standard equipment, but excluding fuel and coolant. Single-Source Leasing: Service in which companies can lease drivers and trucks from the same source, rather than having to procure them from different companies. Sliding Fifth Wheel: Fifth wheel mounted to a mechanism that allows it to be moved back and forth for the purpose of adjusting the distribution of weight on the tractor's axles. Also provides the capability to vary vehicle combination lengths. Sliding Tandem (Slider): Mechanism that allows a tandem axle suspension to be moved back and forth at the rear of a semi-trailer, for the purpose of adjusting the distribution of weight between the axles and fifth wheel. T Team (Driver Team): Team of two drivers who alternative driving and resting. Tender: The act of dropping off a shipment at the origin. TEU (Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit): Standardized unit for measuring container capacity on ships, railcars, etc. Third Party: When the person/company paying shipping and related charges is neither the shipper nor the consignee. TL (Truckload): The quantity of freight required to fill a trailer; usually more than 10,000 pounds. (see LTL)

TL Carrier: trucking company which dedicates trailers to a single shipper's cargo, as opposed to an LTL (Less Than Truckload) carrier which transports the consolidated cargo of several shippers and makes multiple deliveries. (see LTL Carrier) Tractor: truck designed primarily to pull a semi-trailer by means of a fifth wheel mounted over the rear axle(s). Tractor Trailer: Tractor and semi-trailer combination. Trip Leasing: Leasing a company's vehicle to another transportation provider for a single trip. TSA (Transportation Security Administration): a component of the Department of Homeland Security and is responsible for the security of the nation's transportation systems. With state, local and regional partners, the TSA oversees security for highways, railroads, buses, mass transit systems, ports, and 450 U.S. airports. The TSA is charged with developing policies to ensure the security of U.S. air traffic and other forms of transportation. U Unknown Shipper: a person or entity that does not meet the security status of a Known Shipper. Unknown Shippers cannot ship cargo on Passenger Air Carriers. V VMRS (Vehicle Maintenance Reporting Standards): Set of codes developed to facilitate computerized tracking of parts and labor used in equipment repair. Established and maintained by the American Trucking Associations. W Walking Beam Suspension: type of truck and tractor rear suspension consisting of two beams, one at each side of the chassis, which pivot in the center and connect at the front to one axle of a tandem and at the rear to the other axle. Warehousing In Fee: the charge associated with receiving freight into a warehouse. This fee covers the costs of labor, forklift handling and storage of the freight. Typically, the In Fee is charged on a per pallet basis. Warehousing Out Fee: the charge associated with moving freight out of a warehouse. This fee covers the costs of labor, forklift handling and retrieving the freight from inventory. Typically, the Out Fee is charged on a per pallet basis. White Glove Delivery: in-home delivery and light assembly of related items as well as removal of all packaging materials. Y

Yard Jockey: Person who operates a yard tractor.

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COURIER SERVICES TERMINOLOGY

Courier services terminology is just as specific to its industry as the lingo used by any sector. However, courier services do have many terms in common with most delivery services as the job they do is essentially the same whether they are simply delivering packages locally or shipping them over the oceans. We have put together a guide of the most common terms used in the courier service to help you understand what people are saying. Agent manifest: The document filled in to report any shipments handed off to an agent who will take longer than 24 hours to return with the delivery. Authorization: The permission needed to ship dangerous items or packages this generally only comes into play when shipping parcels overseas and something needs to be cleared through customs. Usually authorization for such shipments can only be given by a high-ranking official within the delivery company. Brokerage fee: The cost that is charged by a customs broker for having used their service to clear goods or packages through customs. Bulk shipment: Normally refers to a shipment that is over a certain weight. For most courier services, anything over 75 pounds falls into the bulk category. Call centre dispatch: The central telephone service that takes all courier pick-up and delivery orders. CIF: Short for: Cost, insurance and freight. C.O.D.: Cash on delivery. When someone ships a package or document at the expense of the recipient. Usually the recipient must pay for the delivery before is will be released by the driver. Commercial invoice: The documents that must be filled out when shipping goods on which duties can be levied. The forms describe everything in the shipment in detail.

Confirmation number: The number given to a customer as prove that their order for either pick-up or delivery has been processed correctly. CSR: Customer service representative. DG: Dangerous goods. DK: Door knocker the tag left for a customer informing them of an attempt to deliver a package to them. DV: Declared value. Depot: The large warehouse or base where a courier services deliveries are processed. Drop box: A place where customers can drop off their deliveries instead of having them picked-up at their homes or offices. Sometimes the drop box can be at the couriers satellite location. EMS: Express mail service. HDV: High declared value. Hold for pickup: The delivery is held by the courier service until it is picked up at their office by the intended recipient. Limitation of Liability: The legal extent to which a courier service is responsible for any damages incurred while delivering your package or documents. Manifest: A bill of lading that lists several shipments. N/C: No charge. NDV: No declared value. O/O: Owner operator. P/U: Pick-up. POD: Proof of delivery. SNR: Signature not required. Tariff: A list of prices charged by governments on certain types of shipments. Universal Postal Union: A worldwide organization of post offices responsible for processing express mail deliveries. The above list is a partial collection of the most commonly used terms in courier services. So, if you do not understand a something you were told and cannot find it on the list, do not feel shy to ask for clarification from your courier service.