HSES APWH pd 9 Annotated timeline

Adam Zandani April 26, 2012

600 C.E- 1425 C.E. -Byzantine Empire was different from the Roman Empire because they used the Greek language; its architecture had unique domes; its culture in general had more in common with Eastern cultures like those of Persia; and its brand of Christianity became an totally dissimilar branch known as Orthodox Christianity; Absolute rulers. 732- Battle of Tours (Franks vs. Muslims): Charles Martel led a revolt against advancing Muslim armies. Martel then founded the Carolingian Dynasty, and during his tenure he tried to reunite the region under his control. His son Pepin took control and had his succession certified the pope. This step sent a clear signal that an empires legitimacy rested on the Roman Catholic Churchs approval. 750-1258- Abbasid Dynasty: Islamic Empire; had golden age from early to mid ninth century. Capital Baghdad. Steel, was produced for swords: helped expansion. They defeated a Tang Chinese army during the Battle of the Talus River in 751 C.E (fight for control of Silk Road.) 800 Vikings: Raiders from the Norse During this time, Western Europe continued to be attacked by powerful invaders, notably the Vikings form Scandinavia and the Magyars form Hungary. They used their highly maneuverable, multi-oared boats to raid well. They raided the Roman Catholic monasteries for resources. Expansion led to settlements like Newfoundland, Canada, inland Russia, and northern France. Feudalism- European social, economic and political system of the Middle Ages that had a strict hierarchy. 987: King Hugh Capet ruled a small area around Paris; for the next couple of hundred years, subsequent French kings expanded the territory, But in the 12th century, England began to claim large parts of present day France. The English occupation of the French-speaking territories led to revolts and eventually to French statehood. 1242- Russia succumbs to the Tatars (eastern Mongols under Genghis Khan). By the 14th century, the Mongol power started to decline and the Russian princes from Muscovy grew in power. By the late 1400s, Ivan expanded Muscovy territory into much of modern-day Russia and declared himself czar. By the mid-1500s, Ivan the Terrible had centralized power over the entire Russian sphere, ruling ruthlessly and using the secret police against his own nobles.

Hundred Years War (1337- 1453) between England and France that eventually resulted in Englands withdrawal from France. Afterwards, power in France became more centralized. Under a series of monarchs known as Bourbons. France was unified and became a major power on the European continent. About 1469- Spain was untied by Queen Isabella, the ruler of Castille. Power was divided in two because castille was one of the three independent Spanish kingdoms, and the peasants were split along religious lines (Christians and Muslims mostly). Isabella married Ferdinand, heir to the Spanish kingdom of Aragon, in 1469 to unite most of Spain in a single monarchy. Allignment with the Catholic Church ended religious tolerance. Non Christians had to convert or leave the country. This sparked the Spanish Inquisition. Chinese dynasties: Tang (618-907), Song(960- 1279), Ming(1368-1644) - The tang ruled China beginning in 618 under Emperor Xuanzong and expanded into Manchuria, Mongolia, Tibet, and Korea (tribute system). By 907, the empire had become so large that local warlords gained more and more power and the Tang collapsed. -In 960 China reunified under the Song dynasty and Emperor Taizu, despite a long period of peace and prosperity, the Song eventually fell to the Jurchen and then the Mongols until finally in 1279, the Mongols formed the Yuan dynasty. In 1368, the Ming Dynasty restored traditional Chinese rule to the empire. Japan- in the 6th century, china began to have an influence on Japan. In 522, Buddhist missionaries went o to Japan and brought wit them Chinese culture.