Useful Formulas for Power System Analysis & Power Factor Correction

The formulas on this web page may be utilized in designing power factor correction systems and harmonic filter banks.

Programs
Harmonic Analysis Program

Formula Symbols
C fs f I I1, I2 Imax peak Ih Kvar kVAtx Ztx kVAr KVA kV KW Leq PF P Q S Subscript I Subscript d Subscript Subscript Subscript LN Subscript LL Subscript SC Th Vn Capacitance (farads) System Frequency Frequency (Hertz) Current (amps) Currents of bank or stages being switched and of bank or stage already energized A peak value calculated without damping. In practical circuits it will be about 90 percent of this value RMS current (amps) at harmonic (h) Reactive Power (kvar) Three-phase transformer rating Nameplate impedance (%) Three-phase capacitor bank rating Total Power (kVA) kilovolts (kv) Real Power (kw) Total equivalent inductance per phase between capacitor banks or stages, in microhenrys Power Factor (no unit) Real Power (KW) Reactive Power (kvar) Total Power (KVA) Initial Desired Three Phase Single Phase Line to Neutral Line to Line Short Circuit Single Frequency TIF at harmonic (h) Harmonic Voltage magnitude

Vrms VLL I rms Isc Vpk Xc XC XL R Xn n

Root mean square (rms) value of voltage Rated maximum voltage in kilovolts Root mean square (rms) value of current Symmetrical rms short-circuit current, in amperes Peak magnitude Capacitive Reactance (ohms) Capacitive reactance () Inductive reactance () Resistance () Filter inductor - reactance () Harmonic at which filter is tuned Power factor angle

Formula Index
A) Capacitors Connected in Parallel B) Capacitors Connected in Series C) Capacitive Reactance D) Capacitance E) Capacitor Kilovars F) Power Factor G) Kilovars Required to Change Power Factor H) Equations for Total Power Factor I) Total Power J) Reactive Power K) Voltage Rise L) Released System Capacity for Power Factor Improvement M) Loss Reduction for Correcting Power Factor N) Capacitor Current O) Total Harmonic Distortion P) Root Mean Square, RMS Q) Displacement Power Factor, DPF R) Total Power Factor, TPF S) Resonant Frequency, h T) I*T Product U) Quality Factor, Q V) Crest Factor, CF W) Inrush Current Calculation for Single Capacitor Bank Switching X) Inrush Current Calculation for Back-To-Back Capacitor Bank Switching

Formulas

A) Capacitors Connected in Parallel

B) Capacitors Connected in Series

C) Capacitive Reactance Xc

D) Capacitance C

E) Capacitive Kilovars

F) Power Factor

G) Kvars Required to Change Power Factor where: = Initial Power Factor Angle = Final Power Factor Angle

H) Equations for Total Power

good for both 3 phase and single phase calculations

I) Reactive Power

J) Equations For Real Power

K) Approximate Voltage Rise for Addition of Capacitors

where:

L) Released System Capacity for Power Factor Improvement

M) % Loss Reduction for Correcting Power Factor

N) Capacitor Current

O) Total Harmonic Distortion

P) Root Mean Square, RMS

Q) Displacement Power Factor

R) Total Power Factor, TPF

S)

Resonant Frequency

T) I*T Product

U) Quality Factor, Q

V) Crest Factor, CF

W) Inrush Current and Frequency Calculation for Single Capacitor Bank Switching

X) Inrush Current and Frequency Calculation for Back-To-Back Capacitor Bank Switching

Northeast Power Systems, Inc. 66 Carey Road Queensbury, New York 12804 Phone: 518-792-4776 Fax: 518-792-5767 E-mail: sales@nepsi.com Website: www.nepsi.com