Federal National Mortgage Association

EMERGENCY AGENCIES 75
Title VI was created by an amendment to the National Housing Act

signed by the President on March 28, 1941. Its scope was expanded
by the amendments of May 26, 1942, so that in addition to providing
for the insurance of mortgages on one- to four-family dwellings for
sale or rent, with occupancy priority to war workers, it also provided
for the insurance. of mortgages not exceeding $5,000,000 on rental
housing for war workers. The final war housing insurance authoriza-
tion was $1,800,000,000; receipt of applications under the Title VI War
Housing Program was terminated in September 1945.
Title VI was revived in May 1946 by the Veterans Emergency
Housing Act with substantially the same provisions and an additional
$2,000,000,000 authorization. The mortgages are protected by the
War Housing Insurance Fund.
The Federal National Mortgage Association, organized by the Re-
construction Finance Corporation on February 10, 1938, under the
National Housing Act as amended February 3, 1938, provides a ready
market for insured mortgages.
O1IGANIZATION.-The work of the Federal Housing Administration
is directed by the Commissioner. The general administrative staff
includes the General Counsel, five Assistant Commissioners, the
Comptroller, and f our Zone Commissioners.
The principal divisions of the Administration, the general nature
of each of which is indicated by its name, are as follows: Field
Operations, Legal, Underwriting, Title I, Administrative Services,
Rental Housing and Property Management, Finance and Industry,
Research and Statistics, and Comptroller.
INSURING OR SERVICE OFFICES-FEDERAL HOUSING ADMINISTRATION
State Address
ALABAMA—------------------- 2225 Third Avenue N., Birmingham 3.

ALASKA-----------P----------- Federal Building, Juneau.
ARIZONA --- ------------- 140 S. Central Avenue, Phoenix.
ARKANSAS.- -- -- Old Post Office Building, Little Rock.
CALiFORNIA ------------- -- Rives-Strong Building, Los Angeles 16.
315 Montgomery Street, San Francisco 4.
Broadway Building, San Diego.
COLORADOO----- -------- 2106 N. Broadway, Denver 2.
CONNECTICUT ---- ------- 125 Trumbull Street, Hartford 3.
DELAWARE ---------- Industrial Trust Building, Wilmington.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA----—-—- 734 Fifteenth Street NW., Washington 25, D. 0.
FLORIDA-------------- -- Greenleaf Building, Jacksonville 2.
Coral Gables City Hall, Miami 34.
Fonte Building, 1529 Grand Central Avenue, Tampa.
GEORGIA ----------------- 101 Marietga Street Building, Atlanta 3.
HAWAII ------ .--.--- Federal Building, Honolulu.
IDAHO—-- — ------ —- 805 Idaho Street, Boise.
ILLINOIS——----—--———--- Merchandise Mart, Chicago 54.
605 Illinois Building, Springfield.
INDIANA—--- ------------- Guaranty Building, Indianapolis 9.
IOWA---------—----— Insurance Exchange Building, Des Moines 9.
KANSAS - ------ National Bank Building, Topeka.
KENTUCKY—-1——————— 505 Post Office Bilding, Louisville 2.
LOUISIANA-—————---—--- Richards Building, New Orleans 12.
MAINE- --- ------ —---- Exchange Building, Bangor.
MARYLAND—-.—.—————-- Fidelity Building, Baltimore 1.
MASSACHUSETTS -- -- - —- 40 Broad Street Building, Boston 9.
Security Building, 44 Vernon Street, Springfield.
7384860—47—6
76 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL
INSURING OR SERVICE OFFICES-FEDERAL HOUSING ADMINISTRATION-Continued
State Address
MICHIGAN ------ ---------- Penobscot Building, Detroit 26.

516-518 Grand Rapids National Bank Building, Grand Rapids
MINNESOTA .-------------------- New Post Office, Minneapolis 1.
MississiPPI.----—---------------- Lamar Life Building, Jackson Ill.
MiSSouRI .-.--.---------------315 N. Seventh Street, St. Louis 1.
Land Bank Building, Kansas City 6.
lMONTANA - .---------------- Federal Building, Helena.
NEBRASKA ---------------------- Woodmen of the World Building, Omaha 2.
NEVADA----. ----------------. Lunsford Building, Reno.
NEW HAMPSHIRE ------ —-—-—- 70OMarket Street, Manchester.
NEW JERSEY -- ----.----
.------ Raymond-Commerce Building, Newark 2.
Post Office Building, Camden.
NEW MEXICO --—--------——-----401 N. Second Street, Albuquerque.
NEW YOREK .------- 90 Church Street, New York City 16.
The City &County Savings Bank Building, Albany 7.
Main Post Office Building, Buffalo 3.
NORTH CAROLINA - ... Guilford Building, Greensboro.
NORTH DAKOTA -------------
— — 510 First National Bank Building, Fargo.
OHIO---...... ....................New Post Office Building, Cleveland 13.
Old Post Office Building, Columbus 15.
15 Old Customhouse, Toledo.
35 E. Seventh Street, Cincinnati.
OKLAHOMA -228 NW. Second Street, Oklahoma City 2.
Richard Building, 106 E. Third Street, Tulsa.
OREGON __-----------------____ Platt Building, Portland 5.
PENNSYLVANIA_—-
- .---
--- Public Ledger Building, Philadelphia 6.
Henry W. Oliver Building, Pittsburgh 22.
PUERTO RIco —-- - P. 0. Box 3592, San Juan 17.
RHODE ISLAND-———— 58 Weybosset Street, Provdence 3.
SOUTH CAROLINA -- — - Federal Land Bank Building, Columbia 29.
SOUTH DAKOTA -New - City Hall, Sioux Falls.
TENNESSEE-—.— - --- Federal Building, Memphis 1.
TEXAS------- -------- Cotton Exchange Building, Dallas 1.
Electric Building, Fort Worth 2.
Busk Building, Houston 2.
Alamo National Bank Building, San Antonio B.
UTAH-—————————— Dooly Building, Salt Lake City 1.
VERMONT-F——————— Parkhill Building, Burlington.
VIRGINIA ----------- Parcel Post Building, Fifth and Main Streets, Richmond.
WASHINGTON.- — Dexter-Horton Building, Seattle 4.
812 Columbia Building, Spokane.
WEST VIRBGINA- -- -- Chamber of Commerce Building, Charleston 32.
WISCONSINs------------- Wisconsin Broadway Building, Milwaukee 2.
WYOMING ---- —------ - Post Office Building, Cheyenne.
Federal Public Housing Authority

CREATION.-The Federal Public Housing Authority, as one of the
three main constituent units of the National Housing Agency, has
responsibility for federally administered public housing programs.
To it were transferred by Executive Order 9070 of February 24, 1942,
the functions, powers, and duties relating to public housing theretofore
performed by the Federal Works Agency and its constituent units or
agencies (United States Housing Authority, Public Buildings Ad-
ministration, Division of Defense Housing, Mutual Ownership De-
fense Housing Division), the War Department and the Navy Depart-
ment (except housing located on military or naval reservations, posts,
or bases), and the Farm Security Administration (nonfarm housing).
Under the order, also, the Defense Homes Corporation and its func-
tions, powers, and duties are administered by the Commissioner of
the Federal Public Housing Authority.
EMiiERGENCY HOUSING.-Thle Federal Public Housing Authority is
engaged in the management of public war housing during the period
of reconversion^ for occupancy by distressed families of veterans and
servicemen, civilian employees of the War and Navy Departments
and of private industries completing war contracts, and distressed fam-
ilies dislocated or displaced as a result of the war or demobilization.
The Authority was authorized, under amendments to title V of the
Lanham Act, to provide temporary dwelling accommodations to State
and local governmental bodies and educational institutions for dis-
tressed veterans and servicemen through the reuse and conversion of
surplus military buildings, temporary war housing, and other Gov-
ernment structures. This housing is subject to terms of the Lanham
Act requiring its ultimate disposition for other than housing pur-
poses. The Authority is authorized to dispose of federally owned
permanent war housing as expeditiously as possible and temporary
war housing when it has become surplus to the needs of war and
demobilization.
Low RENET HOUSING AND SLUIM CLEARANCE.-Pursuant to the United
States Housing Act of 1937, as amended, the United States Housing
Authority entered into contracts for financial assistance, in the form
of capital loans and annual subsidies, to aid local public housing agen-
cies in the development and administration of low rent housing and
slum clearance projects. The Federal Public Housing Authority is
now administering these contracts, and is responsible for the reactiva-
tion of projects planned before the war but deferred because of mate-
rials and labor shortages. Projects originally intended for low rent
housing but used for housing war workers are being converted to low
rent status upon a finding that they are no longer needed in war
housing.
The Authority also administers nonfarm housing projects developed
by the Farm Security Administration, including three "greenbelt"
communities, and some 30 rural or suburban projects which are now
being sold to their occupants or other purchasers.
REGIONAL AND AREA OFFICES-FEDERAL PUBLIC HOUSING AUTHORITY
Region Director Headquarters
No. 1. Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massa- Sumner K. Wiley.---- 24 School Street, Boston 8,
chusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island. Mass.
No. 2. New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, John A. Kervick..---— 270 Broadway, New York 7,
Maryland, Delaware. N. Y.
No. 3. Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, Min- Orvil R. Olmsted----- 201 N. Wells Street, Chicago
nesota, South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska 6, Ill.
Missouri.
No. 4. North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, John P. Broome --.- Georgia Savings Bank Build-
Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, ing, Atlanta 3, Ga.
Virginia.
No. S. Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Marshall W. Amis—..725 Texas and Pacific Pas-
New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas. senger Building, Ft. Worth
2, Tex.
No. 6. California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, Hawaii.. Langdon W. Post--.- 760 Market Street, San Fran.
cisco 2, Calif.
REGIONAL AND AREA OFFICES-FEDERAL PUBLIC HOUSING AUTHORITY-Con.
Region Director Headquarters
No. 7. Montana, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Jesse Epstein Skinner Building, Fifth
Wyoming, Alaska. Avenue and Union Street,
Seattle 1, Wash.
No. 8. Kentucky, West Virginia, Ohio and Charles B. Lawrence, 2073 E. Ninth Street, Cleve-
Michigan. Jr. land 15, Ohio.
General Field Office. District of Columbia; in Oliver C. Winston -.. Longfellow Building, Con-
Virginia, Fairfax County, Arlington County, necticut Avenue at M
and the city of Alexandria; in Maryland, Mont- Street NW., Washing-
gomery County, Prince Georges County, and ton 25, D. O.
the war housing localities of Cedar Point, Indian
Head, and Meadedale; Puerto Rico, the Virgin
Islands, Cuba, and the Canal Zone, and special
projects not assigned to the regional offices.
Approved.
RAYMOND M. FOLEY
Administrator
National Intelligence Authority

2430 E Street NW.
EXecutive 6115
MEMIBERS
Secretary of State -..--.------------------- GEORGE C. MARSHALL
Secretary of War-------------------------- ROBERT P. PATTERSON
Secretarvy of the Navy --- _------------- JAMES FORRESTAL
Personal Representative of the President ---- FLEET ADM. WILLIAM D. LEAHY
Director of Central Intelligence (Non-voting
member)------------—----------------- REAR ADM. RoscoE H. HILLEN-
KOETTER
CREATION.-The National Tntelligence Authority was established by

Presidential directive of January 22, 1946. The directivedesignated
as members of the Authority the Secretary of State, the Secretary of
War, the Secretary of the Navy, and one other person to be named
by the President as his personal representative.
The Director of Central Intelligence, who sits as a nonvoting mem-
ber of the Authority, is the head of the Central Intelligence Group,
which is under the direction and control of the National Intelligence
Authority. The Director of Central Intelligence is advised by an
Intelligence Advisory Board consisting of the heads (or their repre-
sentatives) of the principal military and civilian intelligence agencies
of the Government having functions related to national security, as
determined by the National Intelligence Authority.
PURPOSE.-The National Intelligence Authority was established to
plan, develop, and coordinate Federal foreign intelligence activities
related to the national security.
Approved.
ROSCOE H. HILLENKOETTER
Director of CentralIntelligence
Office of the Housing Expediter
Social Security Building, Fourth Street and Independence Avenue SW.
REpublic 7500; Information, Branch 71346
OFFICIALS
Expediter - ---- - ...-...-.. _.......... FRANK R. CREEDON
Deputy Expediter (Office of Operations) ...... WILLIAM E. O'BRIEN
Deputy Expediter (Office of Production) ....... ROBERT JOHNSON
Deputy Expediter (Office of Rent Control)-.... TIGHE E. WOODS
Assistant Expediter (Office of Administration)_. JOHN J. MADIGAN
General Counsel ----- _ ---. ._ ADOLPH H. ZWERNEB
Director of Information... _._- .._ _..______.. JOHN T. O'BRIEN
CREATION.-The position of Housing Expediter was first created

within the Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion by the Presi-
dent on December 12, 1945. By Executive Order 9686, effective Janu-
y 26,the
1946,
Office of the Housing Expediter was established as an
independent
agency to formulate and carry out a Veterans' Emergency
Program. The Expediter was delegated broad powers over
Housing
all agencies
whose activities were related to housing, including all
powers and functions of the Office of War Mobilization and Recon-
version which were necessary or suitable to carry out the housing
program. The Expediter was later named by the President as Na-
tional Housing Administrator and on February 6, 1946, was confirmed
in that position.
The Office of the Housing Expediter was established by Congress
under the terms of the Veterans' Emergency Housing Act of 1946
enacted on May 22, 1946 (60 Stat. 208; 50 App. U. S. . 1822).
By Executive Order 9820, effective January 11, 1947, the functions
of the Office of the Housing Expediter were segregated from the
functions of the National Housing Agency.
Executive Order 9836, effective April 1, 1947, transferred to the
Office of the Housing Expediter all housing functions of the Civilian
Production Administration, as well as certain of the personnel en-
gaged in the performance of these functions.
Executive Order 9841 of April 23, 1947, transferred to this Office,
from the Office of Temporary Controls, all functions with respect to
rent control, effective May 4, 1947.
LEGISLATION-.The authority of the Housing Expediter is con-
ferred by the Veterans' Emergency Housing Act of 1946. The act
provides for veterans' preference in the sale or rental of new homes
and authorizes restrictions on the sales prices of new homes and
the exercise of priorities and allocations powers to assist in providing
scarce materials for housing under the act. A fund of $400,000,000
was authorized for premium payments to stimulate additional pro-
duction of scarce materials. Such premiums were to be used with
respect to selected industries, and were to be payable only on addi-
tional output over and above the output otherwise attainable. Fifteen
million dollars of the premium payments fund was authorized for
building access roads to standing timber on lands under Federal juris-
diction, as a means of increasing the supply of lumber. The act also
provides authority for underwriting or guarantee of the market for
prefabricated houses and "new type" building materials which have
been tested and found to be sound.
o0 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL
REGIONAL OFFICES-OFFICE OF THE HOUSING EXPEDITER
Region Expediter Address
— Exchange Building, 53 State

No. 1. Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, John M. Dobbs .-..
New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont. Street, Boston, Mass.
No. 2. New York, New Jersey, Pennsyl- Louis L. Bennett . - 2 Park Avenue, New York 16,
vania, Maryland (except areas listed under N. Y.
Washington Metropolitan Area Office),
Delaware.
201 N. Wells Street, Chicago 6,
No. 3. Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, Mis- Charles J. Eoran ------.
Ill.
souri, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, North
Dakota, South Dakota.
No. 4. Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mis- Clarence N. Walker-..-.-- 302 First Federal Building, 44
sissippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Pryor Street NE., Atlanta 3,
Ga.
Tennessee, Virginia (except areas listed
under Washington Metropolitan Area
Office).
B--- 319, 1114 Commerce
Room
No. 5. Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Ellis H. Charles ---
Street, Dallas 2, Tex.
Oklahoma, Texas, Colorado, Kansas.
821 Market Street, San Fran-
No. 6. Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah, Preston L. Wright-...-
cisco, Calif.
and Hawaii.
No. 7. Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washing- George W. Coplen -- New World Life Insurance
Building, Seattle 4, Wash.
ton, Wyoming, Alaska.
Cuyahoga Abstract Building,
No. 8. Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, West C. Stott Noble -C------
Virginia. 717 E. Superior Avenue,
Cleveland, Ohio.
Markley Shaw. ..------ 762 HOLC Building, 101 Indi-
Washington Metropolitan Area. District
ana Avenue NW., Washing-
of Columbia; Calvert, Charles, St. Mary's,
Prince Georges, and Montgomery counties ton 25, D. 0.
in Maryland; Arlington and Fairfax counties
and the city of Alexandria in Virginia; and
other off-continent areas except Hawaii.
Approved.
FRANK R. CEEEDON
Expediter
Office of Selective Service Records

National Headquarters, Twenty-first and C Streets NW.
REpublic 5500
OFFICIALS
LEWIS B. HERSHEY
Director .---------- 7---------_____- .-____ MAJ. GEN.
Deputy Director :-:::::
---- . -:-::: ------- BRIG. GEN. CARLTON S. DARGUSCH
Assistant Director -.- -- COL. LEwis F. KOSCH
Adjutant General - - LT. COL. SAMUEL L. DAVIS
Assistant Executive . ...------------------- COL. RAYMOND T. HIGGINS
Assistant Executive -------------- --------- LT. COL. OLIVER H. FOLK
Assistant Executive .---------------------- DR. RAYMOND V. BOWERS
Budget Officer -.---------- ---.----------- LT. COL. ARTHUR R. BOONE
Chief Information Officer .------- ---------- LT. COL. IRVING W. HART
Chief Liaison and Legislative Officer - - COL. Louis H. RENFROW
Chief Medical Officer -... . CoL. RICHARD H. EANES
...-------------
Executive Assistant to the Director --------- COL. CAMPBELL C. JOHNSON
General Counsel .-------- CoL. DANIEL 0. OMER
Division Chiefs:
Fiscal and Personnel Group------ _-...... COL. RICHARD H. EANES
Appointments and Personnel Division .... RONALD '1. HOLMES
Finance and Supply Division _--___ -. COL. CLOYD T. CALDWELL
Headquarters Officer.-------------- - LEWIE CULLEN STEPHENS
Mobilization and Demobilization Group ..._ COL. GEORGE A. IRVIN
Field Division_------------------._.. COL. GEORGE A. IRVIN
Manpower Division___-------..._..... LT. COL. GEORGE T. GARNETT
Veterans Personnel Division------..... . LT. COL. REYNOLD J. BOSSIDY
Records and Statistics Group--_-___-- - KENNETH H. MCGILL
Communications and Records Division __ LT. COL. MICHAEL R. LONDON
Research and Statistics DRDivision,
DR. JAMES M. SMITH
CREATION- AN&D PTJRPOSE.-The Office of Selective Service Records

was established by act of March 31, 1947 (Public Law 26, 80th Cong.,
ist sess.), to liquidate the Selective Service System, following the
termination of its functions on March 31, 1947, and to preserve and
service the Selective Service records.
ACTIVITIES.-The act authorized the Director to:
1. Prescribe the necessary rules and regulations to carry out the
provisions of the act.
2. Create and establish Federal record depots in the several States,
the District of Columbia, Territories, and possessions of the United
States, and to maintain such other offices as may be necessary.
3. Utilize the agencies of the Federal Government with the consent
of the Theads thereof, and to accept the services of all officers and agents
of the several States, the District of Columbia, Territories, and pos-
sessions of the United States and subdivisions thereof.
4. Appoint and fix the compensation of such officers and employees
as may be necessary, with or without regard to the Classification Act
of 1923, as amended.
5. Delegate and provide for the delegation of any authority vested
in him under the act to such officers, agents, or persons as he may
designate or appoint for such purpose or as may be designated or
appointed for such purpose pursuant to such rules and regulations
as he may prescribe.
LEwis B. HERSHEY
Director
Price Decontrol Board

Sloan Building, 709 Twelfth Street NW.
EXecutive 6400, Branch 2891
MEMBERS
Chairman.--------------------------------------------- Roy L. THOMPSON
DANIEL W. BELL GEORGE H- MEAD
CREATION AND PURPOSE.—The Price Decontrol Board was estab-

lished by the Price Control Extension Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 669),
approved July 25, 1946, as an independent agency in the executive
branch of the Government. The Board members are appointed by

the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Board
was created for the purpose of reviewing appeals from denials by
the Price Administrator or the Secretary of-Agriculture of decontrol
petitions. Its consent is also necessary before maximum prices may
be reestablished upon a commodity from which maximum prices have
been removed.
The Sugar Control Extension Act of 1947 (Public Law 30, 80th
Cong., 1st sess.), approved March 31, 1947, extended to October 31,
1947, the powers of the Board with respect to sugar.
AcTIVITIES.-The Board reviews appeals from decontrol petitions in
accordance with authority contained in sections IA (e), (g), and (h)
of the Emergency Price Control Act of 1942, as added by the Price
Control Extension Act of 1946.
Approved.
Chairman
War Contracts Price Adjustment Board

Secretary's Office: Room 3D712, The Pentagon; REpublic 6700, Branch 73636
MEMBERS
Chairman--- ------------------ JOHN R. PALL (U. S. Maritime Com-Jo
mission Price Adjustment Board)
Vice Chairman____----------------- COL. JOHN S. SENSENBBBNNER (War De-
partment Price Adjustment Board)
EDWIN B. BARKER (Navy Price Adjustment Board)
RAYMOND EBERLY (Treasury Department Price Adjustment Board)
Roy H. HALQUIST (Office of Materials Distribution, Department of Commerce)
C. R. LARRABEE (Reconstruction Finance Corporation Price Adjustment Board)
STAFF
General Counsel—------------------ CLARENCE A. McLAUGHLIN
Associate Counsel------------------ FRANCIS HOAGUE
Secretary--—--------------------- NATHAN BASS
CREATION AND AUTHORITY.-The War Contracts Price Adjustment

Board was created by the Renegotiation Act of 1943 (title VII of the
Revenue Act of 1943, approved February 25, 1944, sec. 701 (d) (1)
58 Stat. 85, 50 App. U. S. C. 1191).
ORGANIZATION.-The Board is composed of representatives of the
Departments of War, Navy, and Treasury, the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation, the Office of Materials Distribution of the Department of
Commerce (formerly the Civilian Production Administration), and
the United States Maritime Commission. Members of the Board are
officers or employees of the department or agency by which they are
appointed, and serve without additional compensation for their serv-
ices on the Board. Four members of the Board constitute a quorum,
and the Board may act by a majority of a quorum.
PURPOSE AND ACTIVITIES.-Under the Renegotiation Act, the Board
has authority over renegotiations for fiscal years ending after June
30, 1943. The Board establishes principles, policies, and procedures
with reference to such renegotiations, and these principles, policies,
and procedures have been embodied in the Renegotiation Regulations,
issued by the Board and available to the public through the Superin-
tendent of Documents.
Pursuant to subsection (d) (4) of the Renegotiation Act of 1943, the
Board has delegated to the various departments named in the act the
authority to conduct renegotiation proceedings in accordance with the
principles set forth in the Renegotiation Regulations. The Board
may, in its discretion, either upon its own motion or at the request of a
contractor or subcontractor, review any determination of excessive
profits made by order by a department under delegated authority.
- Approved.
NATHAN BASS
Secretary
Joint Chiefs of Staff
The Pentagon
REpublic 6700, Branch 72700
FLEET ADMIRAL 'WV~ILLIAM D. LEAHY (Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief
of the United States Army and Navy)
FLEET ADMIRAL CHESTER W. NIMITZ (Chief of Naval Operations)
GENERAL OF THE ARMY DWIGHT D. EISENHOWERB (Chief of Staff, United States
Army)
GENERAL CARL SPAATZ (Commanding General, Army Air Forces)
Secretary----------.---------- -....... CAPT. W. G. LALOR (USN)
Deputy Secretary---..-.-.-.-.--....... (VACANCY)
Under the direction of the President, the Joint Chiefs of Staff con-
sult together on matters of joint concern to the armed forces, advise
the President as to their use, and take appropriate action to implement
his plans and policies as Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy.
The Joint Chiefs of Staff comprise the United States membership of
the Combined Chiefs of Staff.
W. G. LALOR
Secretary, Joint Chiefs of Staff
Permanent Joint Board on Defense-United States

and Canada
tTJTED STATES SECTION
Boom 6173, New Department of State Building

Twenty-first Street and Virginia Avenue NW.
Chairman ----------- FIORELLO H. LAGUARDIA
F_.-------------...
MAJ. GEN. GuY V. HENRY, U. S. A.
REAR ADM. J. CARY JONES, U. S. N.
COL. CHARLES H. DEERWESTER, U. S. A.
CAPT. GEORGE W. ANDERSON, JR., U. S. N.
Secretary—- ....... -- ---..-
-- --- ANDREW B. FOSTER (Depart-
ment of State)
CANADIAN SECTION
Chairman --- _----- GEN. THE HON. ANDREW G.
L. MCNAUGHTON
GEN. CHURCHILL MANN
MAJ.
MARSHAL W. A. CURTIS, C. B. E., D. S. C. (Royal Canadian Air Force)
AIRVCE
Commo. F. L. HOUGHTON (Royal Canadian Navy)
COL. J. E. C. PANGMAN
GROUP CAPT. S. W. COLEMAN
Secretary ----------------------------- SAUL F. RAE (Department of
External Affairs)
The Permanent Joint Board on Defense was set up by the United

States and Canada in pursuance of a joint announcement of the
President and Prime Minister W. L. Mackenzie King, dated August
17 1940, at Ogdensburg, N. Y., for the purpose of carrying out studies
relating to sea, land, and air problems, including personnel and
mat6riel, and to consider, in the broad sense, the defense of the
northern half of the Western Hemisphere.
Approved.
ANDREW B. FOSTER
Secretary, United States Section
Combined Chiefs of Staf-United States and

Great Britain
The Pentagon
UNITED STATES MEMBERS

FLEET ADMIRAL WILLIAM D. LEAHY (Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief
of the United States Army and Navy)
FLEET ADMIRAL CHESTER W. NIMITZ (Chief of Naval Operations) States
GENERAL OF THE ARMY DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER (Chief of Staff, United
GENERAL CAEL SPAATZ (Commanding General, Army Air Forces)
Secretary--- —--————— — CAPT. W. G. LALOR (USN)
Deputy Secretary—-----------— - (VACANCY)
GREAT BRITAIN MEMBERS
ADM. SIR HENRY MOORE

GEN. SIR WILLIAM MORGAN
AIR CHIEF MARSHAL SIR GuY GARROD
CREATION.—Establishment of the Combined Chiefs of Staff was

announced by the War Department on February 6, 1942.
ACTIVITIES.-The Combined Chiefs of Staff work on matters deriv-
ing from the wartime cooperation of Great Britain and the United
States.
Approved. W. G. LALO
United States Secretary, Combined Clhiefs of Staff

Combined Shipping Adjustment Board-United States
and Great Britain
Department of Commerce Building
EXecutive 3340, Branch 78
UNITED -STATES MEMBER

VICE ADM. WILLIAM W. SMITH (Chairman, United States Maritime Commission)
HUNTINGTON T. MoRsE, Alternate (Assistant to the Commission)
GREAT BRITAIN MEMBERS

F. V. CRoss (British Shipping Attach6 in the United States)
In London:
RT. HON. A. BABRNBS (Minister of War Transport)
Creation of the Combined Shipping Adjustment Board was an-

nounced by the President of the United States and the Prime Min-
ister of Great Britain on January 26, 1942. The wartime function
of the Board was to adjust and concert at Government level in one
harmonious policy the work of the British Ministry of War Transport
and the War Shipping Administration.
The Board, while presently inactive, remains in being principally
because of its affiliation with the Combined Military Transportation
Committee. The membership of the Board now comprises the United
States Maritime Commission and the British Ministry of Transport.
Approved.
W. W. SMvrITH
United States Member
Combined Tin Committee

Social Security Building, Fourth Street and Independence Avenue SW.
Chairman_--------------------------- A. H. PHILIPSE (Netherlands)
Iembers:
Netherlands---------------_-___ A. H. PHILIPSE
United States --------------------- ERWIN VOGELSANG (Office of Materials
Distribution, Department of Com-
merce)
United Kingdom------------------ MURRAY MCDOUGALL
France--------------------------- R. G. LEHMANN
Belgium-------------------------- R. SAVOTE
China- --------------------- P. W. HUANG
India---------------------------- D. N. KowsHIB
Canada-------------------------- H. A. SCOTT
Secretaries--------------------------- MARION WORTHING (United States)
C. B. WILSON (United Kingdom)
CREATION AND PunPosE.-The Combined Tin Committee was ini-

tially organized as an advisory committee of the Combined Raw Mate-
rials Board. Pursuant to the proposals announced by the President
of the United States and the Primers of Great Britain and

Canada in a joint statement on December 10, 1945, the member gov-
ernments agreed to reconstitute the Committee on an autonomous
basis, after the termination of the Combined Raw Materials Board on
December 31, 1945. It is the function of the Committee to review the
international supply and requirements position of tin metal and to
agree on allocations to member and non-member countries.
UNITED STATES REPRESENTATiON.-United States representation on
the Committee is coordinated by the Office of Materials Distribution
of the Department of Commerce (formerly the Civilian Production
Administration), which appoints the United States member and staff
officers. Consultation among the appropriate policy and operating
agencies of the United States Government is effected through a United
States Operating Committee, on which are represented the Depart-
ment of State, the Office of Metals Reserve, and the Office of Inter-
national Trade and the Office of Materials Distribution of the Depart-
ment of Commerce.
Approved.
Approved. MARION WORTHING
Secretary
Filipino Rehabilitation Commission

Chairman ..-.------------------ MILLARD E. TYDINGS (United States Senator)
CARL HAYDEN (United States Senator)
ARTHUR H. VANDENBERG (United States Senator)
C. JASPER BELL (United States Representative)
RICHARD J. WELCH (United States Representative)
FRFD L. CRAWFORD (United States Representative)
LYNN R. EDMINSTER (Vice Chairman. U. S. Tariff Commission)
E. D. HESTER (Economic Adviser to the American Ambassador to the Philip-
WAYNE COY (Assistant to Editor, Washington Post, and former Assistant Director,
Bureau of the Budget)
FiLiPINO MEMBERS
Vice Chairman----------------- BRIG. GEN. CARLOS P. ROMULO
JAIME HERNANDEZ SENATOR THOMAS CONFESOR

DR. URBANO A. ZAFRA SENATOR THOMAS CABILI
SENATOR CARLOS P. GARCIA MAXIMO KALAW
ASSEMBLYMAN PEDRO LOPEZ MANUEL V. GALLEGO
Secretary - VERNON E. MOORE (Room 113, House Office

Building, Washington 25, D. C.; Telephone,
REpubiic 1868, Branch 4505)
CREATION AND PURPOsE.-The Filipino Rehabilitation Commission

was created by act of Congress approved June 29, 1944 (58 Stat. 626;
48 U. S. C. 1243), amending the Philippine Independence Act of 1934.
The purpose of the Commission is to investigate and formulate recom-
mendations on all matters affecting post-war economy, trade, finance,
economic stability, and rehabilitation of the Philippine Islands, in-
cluding the matter of damages to public and private property and to
persons occasioned by enermy attack and occupation.
Approved.
MILLARD E. TYDINGS
Chairman
Philippine War Damage Commission

Calles Arroceros at Quezon Bridge, Manila, Phillipines;
Department of the Interior Building, Washington 25, D. C.
REpublic 1868
MEMBERS
Chairman- _------------------__ -....
_.._...
__ .._.... -.. FRANK A. WARING
JOHN A. O'DONNELL FRANCISCO A. DELGADO
OFFICIALS
Secretary..----------------------................. PHILIPP L. CHARLES
Executive Director.-------------................. R. H. ROWNTREE
Director of Information------------................. JOHN SNURE Jr.
Liaison Officer_--------..... .................. GUILLERMO GOMEZ
Director, Washington Office.------........---.... VERNON E. MOORE
General Counsel-----------.----------__-_---- -.-..PAUL D. SHRIVER
Chief, Regulations and Law Advisory Division -.... EARL A. STOUP
Director of Administration---------................ . JOHN M. SMITH
Budget Officer-...------------.. ...-............ RICHARD QUILL
Chief, Management Services Division-. ----- JOHN W. KEE
Chief, Fiscal Division-.. ----- -----....- LELAND P. DRANEY
Chief, Personnel Division.--------- .__________ JOHN K. AYERS
Chief Examiner------------------------------------ ERNEST SCHEIN
Assistant Chief Examiner--------- _______..._ PAUL R. GRIFFIN
Chief, Private Property Claims Division—--...... FRANK A. GOEBEL
Chief, Public Property Claims Division---...... ALLAN T. SYLVESTER
CREATION AND AUTHORITY.-The Philippine War Damage Com-

mission was created by act approved April 30, 1946 (60 Stat. 128; 50
App. U. S. C. 1751). The act authorizes the Commission to make
compensation for physical loss or destruction of or damage to certain
kinds of property, public and private, in the Philippines occurring
after December 7, 1941, and before October 1, 1945, as a result of the
war. The Commission consists of three members appointed by the
President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
ACTIVITIES.-War damage in the Philippines is estimated to be in
excess of one billion dollars. The act authorizes the expenditure of
only about one-half of this amount. It is believed that approximately
one million claims will be filed with the Commission by individuals,
firms, corporations, and the government. Receiving these claims,
adjudicating them, and making payment of approved amounts must
be completed by the Commission not later than April 30, 1951, under
the provisions of the act.
Approved.
FRANK A. WARING
Chairman
g8 -UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL
Joint Brazil-United States Defense Commission

2015 Temporary Building 2, 1901 D Street NW.
Chairman - ---------------- REAR ADM. MARSHALL R. GREER

Chief, U. S. Army Section ------- --- MAJ. GEN. OTTO P. WEYLAND
Member, U. S. Army Section-————- COL. GODWIN ORDWAY, Jr.
Secretary General-------------------- MAJ. HERMAN V. DIETZE, A. C.
LT. COL. W. F. DUNCAN
CAPT. W. V. O'REGAN, U. S. N.
CAPT. GEORGE W. ANDERSON, U. S. N.
CAPT. ROBERT B. KADEL, ORD
BRAZILIAN MEMBERS
2009 Temporary Building 2, 1901 D Street NW.

REpublic 6700, Branches 78894 and 78002
Chief - -------------- ADM. JORGE DODSWORTH MARTINS

Army Member------------------ BRIG. GEN. HENRIQUE B. D. T. LOTT
Air Member ------------------- AI BRIG. GEN. IVAN CARPENTER FERREIRA
Navy Member --- ----------- CAPT. HEITOR B. COELHO
Sub-Secretary----------------- MAJ. FREDERICO MINDtLLO
The Commission, composed of military delegates-Army, Navy,

and Air Forces-of the two countries, was established in August 1942
by agreement between the United States and Brazil. Meetings are
held in Washington for the purpose of assisting the Joint Brazil-
United States Military Commission in Rio de Janeiro in specific mat-
ters of training, studies, liaison, and procurement.
Approved. MARSHALL R. GREER
Chairman
Joit Mexican-United States Defense Commission

Chairman and Senior Army Member

(Room 2E844, The Pentagon; RE-
public 6700, Branch 3607)---------- MAJ. GEN. GuY V. HENRY, U. S. A.
Senior Navy Member (101 Octagon An-
nex, 1735 New York Avenue, N. W.;
REpublic7500, Branch 72866)------- REAR ADM. J. CARY JONES, U. S. N.
Secretary, U. S. Section (Room 2E844,
The Pentagon; REpublic 6700, Branch
2520) -- -------------------- COL. CHARLES H. DEERWESTER, G.S.C.
MEXICAN MEMBERS
Mexican Embassy, 2829 Sixteenth Street NW.

ADams 6000
LT. GEN. LEOBARDO RuIZ CAMARILLO, Chief

REAR ADM. 1. GARCIA JURADO, Sub-Chief
LT. COL. DAVID CHAGOYA RODRIGUEZ, Secretary
CRIEATION AND ATrH~ORITY.-The Governments of Mexico and the
United States on January 12, 1942, announced the organization of a
mixed defense commission. The United States Section of the Joint
Mexican-United States Defense Commission was officially established
by Executive Order 9080 of February 27, 1942.
PUBPOSE.-The purposes of the Commission are to study problems
relating to the common defense of the United States and Mexico, to
consider broad plans for the defense of Mexico and adjacent areas
of the United States, and to propose to the respective governments the
cooperative measures which, in its opinion, should be. adopted.
GuY V. HENRY
Chairman
Inter-American Defense Board

1735 New York Avenue NW.
REpublic 7500, Branch 72S68
OFFICERS
Chairman,---------------------- LT. GEN. M. B. RIDGWAY

Coordinator-----___-_--_-- _-__
-- BRIG. GEN. FREDERICK A. IRVING
Secretary General -----------..-- COL. W. R. PIERCE
DELEGATES
Argentina--------------____-- LT. GEN. CARLOS VON DER BECKE

BRIG. ARIST6BULO F. RBYES
REAR ADM. CARLOS SARAVIA
COL. ALFREDO A. BAISI
COMMO. FEDERICO F. Ruiz
Bolivia--------..-------------- MAJ. GEN. FELIPE M. RIVERA
MAJ. HUMBERTO FEBN.tNDEZ F.
Brazil-------------------------- VICE ADM. OCTAVIO FIGUEIREDO DE ME-
DEIROS
AIR BRIG. GEN. IVAN CARPENTER FERREIRA
BRIG. GEN. HENRIQUE B. D. T. LOTT
Chile-----------..------------- REAR ADMI. HORACIO DE LA FUENTE
COL. MILCfADES CONTRERAS
COMDR. LuIS RECART S.
WING COMDK. FELIX OLMEDO,
Colombia---------------------- GEN. LEOPOLDO PIEDRAHITA E.
LT. COMDR. Luis A. BAQUERO HERRERA
Costa Rica--------------------- COL. FERNANDO DR LA GUARDIA
COL. BERNARDO DR LA GUARDIA
Cuba-------------------------- LT. COMDR. FELIPE CADENAS
Dominican Republic------------- MAJ. AMADO HERNINDEZ POLANCO
Ecuador------------------------ GEN. Luis LABREA ALBA
MAJ. EDMUNDO CARVAJAL
El Salvador--------------------- COL. ARTURO RIVAS-MENA
Guatemala--—------------------ COL. OSCAR MORALES L6PEz
COL. SALVADOR BERCI(N
Haiti-------------------------- COL. ROCHE B. LAROCHE
Honduras-,-------.---------- MAJ. JUAN DA COSTA
Mexico------------------------- LT. GEN. LEODARDO C. RUIZ
COL. TEODORO GONZXLEZ BENITEZ
LT. SAMUEL FERNN.kDEZ VELASCO
Nicaragua---------------------- COL. CAMILO GONZALEZ CERVANTES
90 HUNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL
Panama..---------------------- MAJ, ABEL QUINTERO

Paraguay --------------------- CAPT. JUAN C. PiEZ
LT. COL. MANUEL GONZXLEZ RIQUELME
Peru ---- ------------------- REAR ADM. FEDERICO DfAz DULANTO
COL. MIGUEL MONTEZA TAFUR
COL. GUILLERMO SUEBO B.
United States ---. —--- LT. GEN. M. B. RIDGWAY
REAR ADM. J. CARY JONES
REAR ADM. MARSHALL R. GREEB
MAJ GEN. OTTO P. WEYLAND
COL. GODWIN ORDWAY, Jr.
Uruguay- ----------------- BRIG. GEN. HECTOR J. MEDINA
COMDR. JUAN CARLOS DEAMBROSIO
MAJ. CARLOS MARfA SENCI6N
Venezuela--------------------- COL. JORGE MARCANO
ADVISERS
Argentina ---------------------- COL. BENJAMIN B. GARGIULO
LT. COL. JUAN CARLOS LORIO
-LT. COL. IGNACIO AVALOS
LT. COMDR. RICARDO P. ANZORENA
Bolivia ---- ------- CAPT. HERNAN JUSTINIANO GUITERAS
.Br..azil---.~------ ------ LT. COL. JOSE VICENTE DE FARIA LIMA
MAJ. FREDERICO MINDELLO
LT. COMDR. MANOEL JOAO DE ARAUJO NETO
LT. JOSE LEITE SOARES, Jr.
LT. JOSE DE MAGALHAES FRAGA LoURENgO
Chile --------------------- COMDR. OSCAR FEBBARI
CAPT. LEOPOLDO TACCHI
Colombia ----------------------- MAJ. GUILLERMO AYERBE C.
Ecuador ----------------------- CAPT. REINALDO VAREA
LT. GUSTAVO IZURIETA
El Salvador--------------------- MAJ. MANUEL ALFONSO MARTINEZ
Mexico-----—------------------ MAJ. JosI MENDOZA VALENCIA
CAPT. VICTOR ESPER6N URBINA
CAPT. FERNANDO HERNXNDEZ VEGA
Peru------- ---------------- LT. COMDn. CARLOS FRBAS
United States --- —---------- COL. RICHARD Z. CRANE
COL. CHARLES H. DEERWESTER
COL. NILS 0.OHMAN
COL. MILAN G. WEBER
LT. COL. HARMON LAMPLEY, JR.
LT. COL. HOWARD W. CLARK
Uruguay----------------------- SECOND LT. JORGE F. FRAN§OIS ZUNINO
Venezuela---—---------------- LT. RUBAN A. Oslo N.
SECRETARIAT
LT. COL. EMORY S. ADAMS, Jr., GSC COL. GREGORIO MLROUEZ, ORC
CAPT. BEATRIZ H. ANDERSON, WAC COL. W. R. PIERCE, GSC
MAJ. H. RALSTON BUSHART, ORC MAJ. ADRIEN A. TALBOT, AC
CAPT. ROBERT M. CARSWELL, JR., ORC JosE B.VALLARINO
LT. COL. ANDREW F. GORDON, GSC LT. COL. CALIXTO C. VALLE, GSC
LT. COL. GEORGE H. HOLLINGSWORTH, GSC
Attached to the Secretariat------- LT. COMDE. HARVEY R. NYLUND, USN
CREATION AND ATHOEITY.-The Inter-American Defense Board is

a permanently constituted organization composed of military, naval,
and aviation technical delegates appointed by each of the governments
of the 21 American Republics. It was established in accordance with
Resolution XXXIX of the meeting of Foreign Ministers at Rio de

Janeiro in January 1942. The Board, which is an autonomous inter-
national organization under the auspices of the Pan American Union,
meets regularly in the City of Washington.
PuRPosE.-The Board studies and recommends to the governments
of the American Republics measures necessary for the defense of the
Western Hemisphere.
Approved.
W. R. PIERCE
Secretary General
International Emergency Food Council

1735 DeSales Street NW.
EXecutive 7760
ME2MBER NATIONS
Australia Finland Portugal

Austria France Republic of the Philippines
Belgium Greece Siam
Brazil Hungary Sweden
Canada India .Switzerland
Chile Italy Turkey
China
Union
Mexico
of South Africa
Cuba Netheirlands United Kingdom
Czechoslovakia New Zealand United States
Denmark Norway
Egypt Poland
OFFICIALS
Chairman.------------------------- L. A. H. PETBES (Netherlands)

Vice Chairman.--------------------- J. C. VAN EsscHE (Belgium)
Secretary General---...........,., DE. D. A. FITZGERALD
CREATION AND AUTHORITY.-The creation of the International

Emergency Food Council was recommended during the Special Meet-
ing on Urgent Food Problems convened by the Food and Agriculture
Organization in Washington on May 20, 1946. Immediately follow-
ing this meeting, the Combined Food Board invited twenty-one nations
to participate in the organization of the Council. On July 1, 1946,
the International Emergency Food Council took over for the postwar
emergency period the activities of the war-created Combined Food
Board.
The Council has no administrative authority. It formulates and
recommends for acceptance of member governments, plans for the in-
ternational distribution of foods or related materials which are in
relatively short supply.
A Central Committee of nine country members conducts the affairs
of the Council between its sessions.
738488°-47-7
PURPosEs.-The purposes of the Council are to consider and for-

mulate plans with regard to any question in respect of which member
governments may have a common concern relating to the supply and
distribution of foods, agricultural materials from which foods a de-
rived, and equipment and non-food materials used for the production
of such foods; and to make recommendations to the member govern-
ments in respect to any such question.
ACTIVITIES.-The major activities of the Council are organized along
commodity lines. Twelve commodity committees periodically review
the supply and requirements for commodities under their purview, at
the same time consulting with non-member countries who may have
import requirements, or who may be in a position to contribute some
supplies to meeting world requirements.
MEMBERSHIP.-Any country which has an important interest in the
international trade of a commodity is eligible for membership in the
committee dealing with that commodity. Membership in the Council
is open to any government which is a member of one or more
commodity committees, or has a general interest in the international
trade of the commodities within the purview of the Council.
Approved.
D. A. FITZGERALD
Secretary General
Department of State*
Twenty-first Street and Virginia Avenue NW.
REpublic 5600
OFFICIALS
Secretary of State -. ___.. _-...__.. .. _..._. GEORGE C. MARSHALL
Special Assistant to the Secretary in charge of
Research and Intelligence -----. WILLIAM A. EDDY
Special Assistant to the. Secretary for Press
Relations --- . -------.. .... ______ MICHAEL J. MCDERMOTT
Special Assistant to the Secretary .-____ CHARLES E. BOHLEN
Under Secretary of State .----- _____DEAN ACHESON'
Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs -- VWILLIAM L. CLAYTON
Counselor of the Department ----------------.- BENJAMIN V. COHEN
Assistant Secretary of State -.(for American Re-
public Affairs) -_..________________ SPRUILLE BRADEN
Assistant Secretary of State (for Public Affairs) --- WILLIAM BENTON
Assistant Secretary of State (for Economic Affairs) - WILLARD L. THORP
Assistant Secretary of State (for Transport and
Communications Affairs) _---- -------- ___ GARRISON NORTON
Assistant Secretary of State (for Occupied Areas)_ JOHN H. HILLDRING
.Assistant Secretary of State (for Administration)_ JOHN E. PEURIFOY
Deputy Assistant Secretary-.... ---------- CHARLES M. HULTEN
Legal Adviser _. _...-. __________
. ....... CHARLES FAHY
......
Director, Executive Secretariat-.. .,,,-.... CARLISLE H. HUMELSINE
Policy Registry Branch ---- . __ _......._ BROMLEY IK. SMITH, Acting
Chief Committee Secretariat Branch- _. .___ JAMES Q. REBER Acting
Protocol Officer, Protocol Staff -- ___-_____.___ STANLEY WOODWARD
Chief, Correspondence Review Branch ....- ., BLANCHE R. HALLA
Director, Office of European Affairs -------..... H. FREEMAN MATTHEWS
Deputy Director -- .... _---,,......--.- -JOHN D. HICKERSON
Chief, Division of British Commonwealth
Affairs---- ----- ___._,__,._____.,__ EDWARD T. WAILES
Chief, Division of Eastern European Affairs-..-- LLEWELLYN E. THOMP-
Chief, Division of Central Europe an Affairs----- JAMES W. RIDDLEBERGER

Chief, Division of Southern European Affairs-- WALWORTH BARBOuR, Act-
ing
Chief, Division of Northern European Affairs ---- HUGH ,S. CUMMING, Jr.
Chief, Division of Western European Affairs - - - SAMUEL REBER
Director, Office of Far Eastern Affairs--,....,. JOHN CARTER VINCENT
Deputy Director.-... - --- ..---- JAMES K. PENFIELD
Chief, Division of Chinese Affairs.-..___--- ARTHUR R. RINGWALT
Chief, Division of Northeast Asian Affairs.----- HUGH BORTON
Chief, Division of Southeast Asian Affairs---.- ABBOT Low MOFFAT
Chief, Division of Philippine Affairs.- .. _--- RICHARD .R. ELY, Acting
Director, Office of Near Eastern and African Affairs LOY W. HENDERSON
Deputy Director---J- -------------- _.---- HENRY S. VILLARD
Chief, Division of Near Eastern Affairs.—-----GORDON P. MERRIAM
Chief, Division of Middle Eastern and Indian
Affairs-------,.,,------------------,,. HAROLD B. MINOR
Chief, Division of African Affairs- CLARE H. TIMBERLAKE
Director. Office of American Republic Affairs--- ELLIS 0. BRIGGS
Deputy Director- ---------------------- ROBERT W. WOODWARD
Chief, Division of Mexican Affairs------.---- GUY W. RAY
Chief, Division of Caribbean Affairs--.-- WILLARD F. BARBER
Chief, Division of Central America and Panama
Affairs-————— __-----_----__------ ROBERT NEWBEGIN
Orgranization chart on page 574.

1 Tobe succeeded by Robert A. Lovett, effective July 1, 1947.
93
Director, Office of American Republic Affairs-Con.

C f, Division of Brazilian Affairs ------------. ALLAN DAWSON
Cf, Division of River Plate Affairs---------- CECIL B. LYON
Cf, Division of North and West Coast Affairs-- MILTON K. WELLS
Cf, Division of Special Inter-American Affairs- JOHN C. DREIER
Director, Office of Special Political Affairs -_ DEAN RUSK
Deputy Director - _ --------------------- ELWOOD N. THOMPSON, Act-
ing
Chief, Division of International Organization
Affairs ---
_ - --------------------------- DURWARD V. SANDIFER
Chief, Division of International Security Affairs- JOSEPH E. JOHNSON
Chief, Division of Dependent Area Affairs------ 0. BENJAMIN GERIG
Director, Office of International Trade Policy ---- CLAIR WILCOX
Deputy Director- --- -
_-- PAUL H. NITZE
Chief, Division of Commercial Policy - WINTHROP G. BROWN
Chief, International Resources Division-------- DONALD D. KENNEDY
Chief, Petroleum Division -------------------- JOHN A. LOFTUS
Chief, Division of International Labor, Social,
and Health Affairs ---------------------- THOMAS HOLLAND, Acting
Director, Office of Financial and Development
Policy---------------------------------- NORMAN T. NESS
Chief, Division of Financial Affairs ----------- HAROLD R. SPIEGEL
Chief, Division of Investment and Economic
Development ----------------------------- HUBERT F. HAVLIK
Chief, Division of Lend-Lease and Surplus War
Property Affairs -------------------------- CLIFFORD C. MATLOCK,
Acting
Director, Office of Economic Security Policy ------- EDWIN . MARTIN, Acting
Chief, Division of Economic Security Controls--- WALTER S. SURREY
Chief, Division of German and Austrian Eco-
nomic Affairs ----------------------- CHARLES P. KINDLEBERGER
Chief, Division of Japanese and Korean Eco-
nomic Affairs---------------------------- EDWIN M. MARTIN
Commissioner, Office of Foreign Liquidation---— MAJ. GEN. DONALD H. CON-
NOLLY
Deputy Commissioner for Operations---------- FRED W. RAMSEY
Monetary Consultant---------------------- CHESTER M. CARRE
Deputy Commissioner for Policy—-----------HORACE REED
Assistant to the Commissioner---------------- ALDEN W. BOYD
Special Assistant to the Commissioner-—------- BEN G. CROSBY
Executive Director - -------------------- GEORGE T. ELLIMAN
Assistant to the Executive Director (Adminis-
tration)------- --------------------- JOHN H. MAHAN
Area Director for Pacific, Persian Gulf, Africa,
Middle East, India and Burma—---------ARVIN P. UPTON
Area Director for Europe------------------ ROBERT C. CREEL
Area Director for Western Hemisphere------- LEo ERCK
Chief Compliance Officer- TRAVIS E. FLETCH
Director, Administrative Division----------- LT. COL. JAMES H. TROTH
Director Fiscal and Accounting Division ----- RAYMOND J. QUEENIN
Director; General Disposals Division-------- FRANCIS T. MURPHY
Director, Legal Division—-----------------CHARLES H. KENDALL
Director, Maritime Division---------------- CORNELIUS LYNDE
Director, Research and Statistics Division---- GuY E. NoYES
Field Commissioner for Canada and North
Atlantic Areas ------------------------- CHARLES B. JONES
Field Commissioner for Military Programs---- MAJ. GEN. RALPH H. Woo-
TEN
Director, Office of Transport and Communications
Affairs --- ------ ------------ WALTER A. RADIUS
Chief, Aviation Division- ----------------- LIVINGSTON T. MERCHANT
Chief, Shipping Division- ------------ JESSH E. SAUGSTAD
Chief, Telecommunications Division---------- FRANCIS COLT DE WOLF
DEPARTMENT OF STATE 95
Director, Office of Public Affairs - __.._...
...... _ FRANCIS H. RUSSELL
Chief, Division of Public Liaison... _...._-
-. MARGARET R. T. CARTER,
Acting
Chief, Division of Public Studies _ S. SHEPARD JONES, Acting
Chief, Division of Historical Policy Research- G. BERNARD NOBLE
Chief, Division of Publications-............ E. WILDER SPAULDING1
Acting
Director, Office of International Information and
Cultural Affairs --..------------..--------- WILLIAM T. STONE
Deputy Director -------------.............. G. STEWART BROWN
Executive Secretary, Program Planning and
Evaluation Board---.------------------- __ VICTOR HUNT, Acting
Adviser, UNESCO Relations Staff -------- _---. CHARLES A. THOMSON
Chairman, Interdepartmental Committee on
Scientific and Cultural Cooperation ----...- WILLIAM BENTON
Deputy Chairman ------------------------- HOWLAND H. SARGEANT
Vice Chairman -----------------------..... ILLIAM T. STONE
Executive Secretary ..----------------- OLCOTT H. DEMING
Chief, International Press and Publications Divi-
sion-... ---------------------............ J. NOEL MACY
Chief, International Broadcasting Division---... KENNETH D. FRY
Chief, International Motion Pictures Division..-- JOHN M. BEGG
Chief, Division of International Exchange of
Persons---------. .........-........... HERSCHEL BRICKELL
Chief, Division of Libraries and Institutes --. __- RICHARD H. HBINDEL
Chief, Area Division I (Europe) --............ ERIC BELLQUIST
Chief, Area Division II (Near East and Africa) __-- JOHN M. STEEVES Acting
Chief. Area Division III (Far East)----------- ROBERT H. BERKOV, Acting
Chief, Area Division IV (American Republics) - - FITZHUGH GRANGER
Chief, Area Division V (Occupied Areas) ...----. HENRY P. LEVERICH
Director General of the Foreign Service ------.-- CHRISTIAN M. RAVNDAL
Deputy Director General---------------.--- (VACANCY)
Director, Office of the Foreign Service ------- HAYWOOD P. MARTIN, Acting
Chief, Division of Foreign Service Planning----- TYLER THOMPSON
Chief, Division of Foreign Service Personnel ---- CECIL WAYNH GRAY
Director, Foreign Service Institute------------ WILLIAM P. MADDOX
Chief, Division of Foreign Reporting Services A. CYRIL CGILLEY, Acting
Chief, Division of Foreign Service Administra-
ion-------------------------------------- HOWARD DONOVAN
Chief, Division of Foreign Buildings Operations- FREDERICK LARKIN
Director, Office of Departmental Administration—- STANLEY T. OREAR, Acting
Chief, Division of Management Planning------ JUST LUNNING
Chief, Division of Departmental Personnel—- - W. PIERCE MACCOY
Chief, Division of Central Services---------- WILLIAM D. WEIGHT
Chief, Division of Communications and Records- WALTER K. SCOTT
Chief, Division of Cryptography—-C.------- CAPT. LEE W. PARKE
Chief, Division of International Conferences---- WARREN KELCHNER
Chief, Central Translating Division--------.. GUILLERMO A. SUEO
Director, Office of Budget and Finance---------- J. CARNEY HOWELL Acting
Chief, Division of Bud-et-- ----------- _ FRANKLIN A. HOLMES
Chief, Division of Finance-----------------_ Louis F. THOMPSON
Chief, UNRRA Divisionl--------------—--- EDWARD E. KUNZE, Acting
Director, Office of Controls------------------ HAMILTON ROBINSON
Chief, Passport Division -- - - - -- RUTH B. SHIPLEY
Chief, Visa Division----------------------- GEORGE J. HAERING
Chief, Special Projects Division--------------- ALBERT E. CLATTENBUBGi
Jr.
Chief, Division of Foreign Activity Correlation_ JACK D. NEAL
Chief, Division of Security and Investigations.. THOMAS F. FITCH
Chief, Munitions Division --------------- _--- ELMER T. CUMMINS
Director, Office of Intelligence Research---------- ALLAN EVANS
Deputy Director--------------------------. A. SIDNEY BUFORD 3D
Chief, Division of Research for American Re-
publics- ------...--.--- ROLAND D. HUSSEY
96 JUNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL
Director, Office of Intelligence Research-Con.

Chief, Division of Research for Europe ------- H. STUART HUGHES, Acting
Chief, Division of Research for Far East------- CHARLES C. STELLE
Chief, Division of Research for Near East and
Africa ---------------------------------- Louis E. FRECHTLING,. Act-
ing
Chief, Division of International and Functional
Intelligence----------------------------- WILLIAM T. HAM
Director Office of Intelligence Collection and
Dissemination - —- —- ——------ GEORGE R. FEARING, Jr.
Deputy Director - _ _
----------- FREDERICX G. KILGOUR
Chief, Acquisition and Distribution Division ---- PHILIP G. STRONG
Chief, Reference Division -------- —- JOHN H. OTTMILLER, Acting
Chief, Biographic Information Division ------- HENDRIK VAN Oss, Acting
Chief, Map Intelligence Division------------ OTTO E. GUTHEE
CREATION AND AUTHoRTY.-Prior to the adoption of the Constitu-

tion the foreign affairs of the United States were conducted succes-
sively by the Committee of Secret Correspondence (1775-77), the
Committee of Foreign Affairs (1777-81), and the Department of For-
eign Affairs (1781-89). The Department of Foreign Affairs was
reconstituted, following the adoption of the Constitution, by an act
of Congress approved July 27, 1789 (1 Stat. 28).
The name of the Department was changed to "Department of State
and its activities extended to include some of a purely domestic nature
by an act approved September 15, 1789, "to provide for thesafe-
keeping of the Acts, Records, and Seal of the United States, and for
other purposes" (1 Stat. 68; 5 U. S. C. 151). Since 1789 many statutes
affecting the Department have been enacted, but its primary functions
have remained unaltered.
PuTRFosE.-The principal responsibility for the determination of the
policy of the Government in relation to international problems de-
volves upon the Department of State. Some of the more vital de-
cisions on questions of foreign affairs are made by the President, but
the day-to-day international negotiations, the specific measures for the
promotion of solidarity with friendly countries, the development of
policies and programs for American participation in the United
Nations and other international organizations, and the conduct of the
voluminous correspondence with the diplomatic and consular repre-
sentatives of the United States as well as with the representatives of
foreign powers accredited to the United States, are delegated to the
Department of State. Certain domestic duties of the Department
have been transferred from time to time, by legislation, to other
agencies including the Departments of Justice, the Interior, and
Commerce, but the Department of State is still charged with such
duties as the custody of the Great Seal of the United States, the
publication of the Statutes at Large, and the conduct of correspond-
ence with the States of the Union on the ratification of proposed
amendments to the Constitution and on the "ascertainment" of
presidential electors.
ORGANIZATION.-The work of the Department is directed by the
Secretary of State, who is the highest ranking member of the Cabinet.
lHe is at the head not only of the home establishment in Washington
but also of the Foreign Service of the United States in lands abroad.
The Directors of the 18 Offices of the Department report to the
Secretary and the Under Secretaries, directly or indirectly, as follows:
Directly:
Office of European Affairs
Office of Far Eastern Affairs
Office of Near Eastern and African Affairs
Office of Special Political Affairs
Through the Assistant Secretary for American Republic Affairs:
Office of American Republic Affairs
Through the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs:
Office of Public Affairs
Office of International Information and Cultural Affairs
Through the Assistant Secretary for Economic Affairs:
Office of International Trade Policy
Office of Financial and Development Policy
Office of Economic Security Policy
Office of Foreign Liquidation
Through the Assistant Secretary for Transport and Communications Affairs:
Office of Transport and Communications Affairs
Through the Assistant Secretary for Administration:
Office of the Foreign Service
Office of Departmental Administration
Office of Budget and Finance
Office of Controls
Through the Spccial Assistant to the Secretary for Research and intelligence:
Office of Intelligence Research
Office of Intelligence Collection and Dissemination
The Foreign Service of the United States includes ambassadors

and ministers, Foreign Service officers, Foreign Service Reserve officers
(specialists in economics, cultural affairs, agriculture, and other fields),
Foreign Service Staff officers and employees, and consular agents; all
of these are required to be American citizens except consular agents
and certain clerks and employees. Officers in the Foreign Service are
listed in the Department's quarterly Foreign Service List. Foreign
Service officers are ordinarily assigned as career ministers, counselors
of embassy or legation, attaches, diplomatic secretaries, consuls gen-
eral, consuls, or vice consuls. Diplomatic representatives of the
United States are accredited to the following countries:
Embassies
Argentina Denmark India Poland
Australia Dominican Iran Portugal
Belgium Republic Iraq Siam
Bolivia Ecuador Italy Spain
Brazil Egypt Mexico Turkey
Canada El Salvador ^Netherlands Union of Soviet
C anadalEl aSr lvado Nicaragua Socialist
Chile France Norway Republics
Colombia Greece Paraguay Venezuela
Costa Rica Guatemala Peru Yugoslavia
Cuba Haiti Republic of the
Czechoslovakia Honduras Philippines
g98 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL
Legations
Afghanistan Iceland Luxembourg Switzerland
Austria Ireland Morocco ' Syria
Estonia' Latvia 1 New Zealand Union of South
Ethiopia Lebanon Saudi Arabia, Africa
Finland Liberia Kingdom of
Hungary Lithuania Sweden
American missions have been established at Sofia, Bulgaria, and at

Bucharest, Rumania. The United States maintains an Office of the
Personal Representative of the President at Vatican City.
The United States maintains the following special offices: Office
of the United States Political Adviser on German Affairs, at Berlin;
Office of United States Political Adviser to the Supreme Commander
for Allied Powers, at Tokyo; and Office of United States Political
Adviser to the Commanding General of United States Occupation
Forces in Korea, at Seoul.
Certain of the above offices are authorized to perform consular
duties as well as diplomatic functions. In addition, the United States
maintains approximately 250 consular offices in cities throughout the
world.
ACTIVITIES
The principal activities of the Department of State, arranged in
accordance with the organization of the Department into offices and
divisions, are set forth below. The work of the first group, consisting
of the Secretary of State and his principal aides, covers the entire field
of the Department's activities.
THE SECRETARY OF STATE.As head of the Department of State and
principal adviser to the President in the determination and execution
of American foreign policy, the Secretary of State is charged with the
responsibility for all the activities of the Department.
UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE.-The Under Secretary serves as the
Secretary's deputy in all matters and, in the absence of the Secretary.
as Acting Secretary of State.
UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE FOR EcoNoMIc AFrAIRS.-This officer
has over-all responsibility for the policies and actions of the Depart-
ment of State in relation to economic affairs and serves as chairman of
the (interdepartmental) Executive Committee on Economic Foreign
Policy. In the absence of the Secretary of State and the Under
Secretary of State, he becomes Acting Secretary.
COUNSELOR.-The Counselor of the Department advises and assists
the Secretary in the solution of major problems of foreign relations,
including the negotiation of treaties with foreign governments. In
the absence of the Secretary and the two Under Secretaries, he becomes
Acting Secretary of State.
ASSISTANT SECRETARIES OF STATE.-One of the Assistant Secretaries
has charge of relations of the United States with the other American
republics. Another Assistant Secretary is responsible for the public
information policy of the Department and for international cultural
relations. A third Assistant Secretary has general jurisdiction in
the field of international economic affairs. A fourth Assistant Secre-
tary is responsible for work pertaining to international transport and
i Closed.
communications. A fifth has jurisdiction over occupied-area affairs,

and a sixth supervises the work of the Department of State in the
fields of Departmental and Foreign Service administration and
controls.
LEGAL ADvIsER.-The Legal Adviser and his staff are responsible
for all matters of a legal character concerning the Department and the
Foreign Service. The Office of the Legal Adviser also includes a
Legislative Counsel; Special Assistants for Atomic Energy Matters
and German-Austrian Affairs; Assistant Legal Advisers for Political
Affairs, International Organization Affairs, International Claims
Economic Affairs, Administration and Foreign Service. Military
Affairs and Occupied Areas, Public Affairs, and Special Problems;
and an Assistant for Treaty Affairs.
SPECIAL AN-D OTIIER AsSISTATS.-One of the Special Assistants to
the Secretary, with rank equivalent to that of an Assistant Secretary,
is in charge of research and intelligence; a second Special Assistant
is in charge of the Department's relations with the press. One other
Special Assistant aids the Secretary in his immediate office.
EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT.-This Secretariat coordinates the work of
the offices of the Secretary and Under Secretaries. It also includes a
Policy BR2gistry Branch, a Committee Secretariat Branch, a Protocol
Staff, anda Correspondence Review Branch.
Office of American Republic Affairs

This Office is responsible for the formulation of over-all policies for
the conduct of the relations of the United States with the other Ameri-
can republics and for the coordination, as to these countries, of the
programs and activities of other offices and divisions of the Depart-
ment and of other Federal agencies. The several Divisions of the
Office of American Republic Affairs are responsible for relations with
the countries and territories named in the ensuing para-raphs.
DIvIsIoN OF MEXICAN AFFAIRS .- Mexco.
DIvIsIoN OF CARIBBEAN AFFAIRs.-Cuba. Dominican Republic. Haiti
and (in collaboration with the appropriate divisions in the Office of
European Affairs) European possessions in the area, except British
Honduras.
DIvISIoN OF CENTRAL AMERICA AND PANAMA AFFAIRs.-Guatemala,
El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama.
DIVIsION OF BRAZILIAN AFFAIRiS.-Brazil.
Division OF RIVES PLATE AFFAIRS.-Argentina, Paraguay, and Uru-
guay.
DIVISION OF NORTH AND VEST COAST AFFAIRS.-Bolivia, Chile, Co-
lombia. Ecuadl.or, Peru, and Venezuela.
DIVISION OF SPECIAL INTER-AMERICAN. AFFA IRS.-This Division in-
itiates and coordinates policy and action regarding the Inter-American
System (multilateral relationship among the American republics) and
its agencies. organs, and conferences.
Office of European Affairs

The Office of European Affairs is responsible for matters similar to
those described as the responsibility of the Office of American Republic
Affairs, relating to the following countries:
DIVISION OF BRITISH COMMONWEALTH AiFAIRS.-British Common-

wealth of Nations, and British territories (jointly with the other
interested geographic offices and divisions) except India, Burma,
Ceylon, and possessions in Africa.
DIVISION OF EASTERN EUROPEAN AFFAIRS.-Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (jointly with the Division of Northeast Asian Affairs in mat-
ters relating to the Soviet Far East) , Poland, and other areas of east-
ern Europe.
DIVISION OF CENTRAL EUROPEAN AFFAIRS.-Germany, Austria, and
Czechoslovakia.
DIVISION OF SOUTHERN EUROPEAN ArFAIRS.-Aibania, Bulgaria,
Hungary, Italy, Rumania, San Marino, Yugoslavia, and the Vatican.
DIVISION OF NORTHERN EUROPEAN AFFAIRs.-Denmark, Finland, Ice-
land, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, territories of these countries
(jointly with the other interested geographic offices and divisions),
and the Polar Regions.
DIVISION OF WESTERN EUROPEAN AFFAIRS.-Andorra, Belgium,
France, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Portugal, Spain, Swit-
zerland, and territories of these countries (jointly with the other
interested geographic offices and divisions), except possessions in
Africa.
Office of Far Eastern Affairs
The Office of Far Eastern Affairs is respoisible for matters similar
to those described as the responsibility of the Office of American Re-
public Affairs, relating to the following countries:
DIVISION OF CHINESE AFFAIRs.-China.
DIVISION or NORTHEAST ASIAN AFFAIRS.-Japan, Korea, the former
Japanese m-andated islands in the Pacific, Japanese island possessions
now under the de facto control of the United States, and (in conjunc-
tion with the Division of Eastern European Affairs) the Soviet "Far
Eastern Region,"' including former Japanese possessions now under
Soviet control.
DIVISION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN AFFAIRS.-Siam and (jointly with
the Oflice of European Affairs) Indochina, Malaya, British Borneo,
Netherlands Indies, Portuguese Timor, and British and French island
possessions in the Pacific.
DIVISION OF PHILIPPINE AFFAIRS.-Republic of the Philippines and
American-controlled islands of the Pacific (except those within the
jurisdiction of the Division of Northeast Asian Affairs).
Office of Near Eastern and African Affairs

The Office of Near Eastern and African Affairs is responsible for
matters, similar to those described as the responsibility of the Office
of American Republic Affairs, relating to the following countries:
DIVISION OF NEAR EASTERN AFFAIRS.-Egypt; Greece, Iraq, Lebanon,
Palestine and Trans-Jordan, Saudi Arabia and other countries of the
Arabian Peninsula, Syria, Turkey, and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.
DIVISION OF MIDDLE EASTERN AND INDIAN AFrAIRS.—Afghanistan,
Burma, Ceylon, Iran, India, and Nepal.
DIVISION OF AFRICAN AFFAIRS.-Ethiopia, Liberia, and all other
parts of Africa (including colonies, protectorates, and mandated ter-
ritories) except the Union of South Africa, Algeria, Egypt, and the
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.
Office of Special Political Affairs

This Office is charged with responsibility for the formulation and
coordination of policy and action relating to the special political
affairs described below.
DIvIsION OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION AFFAIRS.-This Division
is responsible for full utilization by the United States of the United
Nations General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council, spe-
cialized and regional international organizations, and the interna-
tional judiciary.
DivisioN OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS.-This Division is
responsible for matters regarding the Security Council of the United
Nations, including the security aspects of relations between regional
systems or arrangements and the United Nations.
DIVISION OF DEPENDENT AREA AFFAIRS.-This Division is responsi-
ble for initiating and supporting American policies and actions
affecting non-self-governing territories.
Office of International Trade Policy

The Office of International Trade Policy is charged with responsi-
bility for the initiation, formulation, and coordination of policy and
action by the Department of State for international economic, trade,
and commercial affairs.
DivisioN OF COMMERCIAL POLICY.-This Division is responsible for
the formulation and coordination of the international commercial
policy of the United States; protection and promotion of American
foreign trade (on the basis of private enterprise) and of American
commercial and agricultural rights abroad; elimination of interna-
tional discriminatory trade practices; and general promotion of
multilateral world trade.
INTERNATIONAL RESOURCES DIVISION.-This Division is responsible
for the formulation and coordination of policy and action with respect
to agricultural and industrial commodities and resources (excepting
petroleum) of major international economic interest; conservation of
international fishery and wildlife resources: and elimination of re-
strictive business practices of international combines and cartels.
PETROLEUM DIVIsIoN.-This Division is responsible for the formula-
tion and coordination of policy and action in all foreign policy mat-
ters pertaining to petroleum and petroleum products.
DIvIsIoN OF INTERNATIONAL LABOR, SOCIAL, AND HEALTI-I AFFAIRS.-
This Division is charged with responsibility for the formulation and
coordination of policy and action in matters pertaining to the appli-
cation of appropriate principles in our foreign relations pertaining
to labor, social, and health matters, and for promoting international
cooperation in these fields.
Office of Financial and Development Policy

This Office is responsible for the initiation, formulation, and coordi-
nation of policy and action by the Department of State for interna-
tional financial and economic development affairs.
DIVISION Or FINANCIAL AFFAIRS.-This Division is responsible for
development of financial arrangements and practices to promote (a
international financial equilibrium and interchange of trade; (b)
stabilization of exchange rates and liberalization of exchange con-
trols; and (c) rehabilitation of the currencies, and restoration of the
banking, credit, and fiscal systems, of devastated countries.
DIVISION OF INVESTMENT AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT.-This Di-
vision is responsible for matters pertaining to restoration and de-
velopment of mutually beneficial public and private investment abroad
as a basis for expanding multilateral trade; promotion of the economic
development of foreign countries; and protection of the foreign
investments of American nationals.
DIvISION OF LEND-LEASE AND SURPLUS WVAR PROPERTY AFFAIRS.-
This Division is responsible for coordinating with over-all American
foreign relations (and particularly with economic foreign policies)
the settlement of lend-lease obligations and the disposal of surplus
war property.
Office of Economic Security Policy
This Office is responsible for initiation, formulation, and coordina-
tion of policy and action by the Department for economic security
policy, including economic aspects of the occupation of Germany,
Austria, Japan, and Korea.
DIVISION OF ECONOMIC SECURITY CONTROLS.-This Division is re-
sponsible for promoting such foreign economic policies as will tend
to prevent future economic aggression by the Axis states but will
permit the relaxation of certain wartime economic controls.
DIvIsION OF GERMAN AND AUSTRIAN ECONOMIC AFrAIRS.-This Divi-
sion is responsible for matters pertaining to economic and financial
aspects of (a) the occupation and control of Germany in accordance
with the principles established by the Potsdam Conference; and (b)
the occupation and control of Austria and its reestablishment as an
independent state.
DIVISION OF JAPANESE AND KOREAN ECONOMIC AFFAIRS. 'This Di-
vision is responsible for matters pertaining to economic and finan-
cial aspects of the occupation and control of Japan and Korea and the
reestablishment of Korea as an independent state.
Office of Foreign Liquidation

This Office is responsible for taking action (based on prevailing
foreign policy) on lend-lease settlements and the disposal of surplus
war property. The Office includes five area divisions, three property-
types divisions, two technical divisions, and four service divisions.
Office of Transport and Communications Affairs

This Office initiates and coordinates policy and action concerning
the international aspects of transport and communications.
AVIATION DIVISION.-This Division has responsibility for initiating
and implementing policy and action in the Department in all matters
pertaining to international civil aviation, including (a) development
and operation of airlines and air transport abroad; (b) negotiation of
international agreements covering civil aviation matters; (c) consider-
ing problems relating to airport and air-navigation facilities; (d)
preparation of basic material for participation in international avia-
tion conferences; (e) dealing, jointly with other divisions, with prob-
lems concerning surplus aircraft, civil-aviation policy in foreign
countris,
tr aining of foreign aviation personnel in the United States
and abroad, disposition of foreign air bases, mainteinance of adcquate
air navigation facilities, and international air mail; and (f) obtaining
military and civil flight permits for American aircraft proceedsn5
abroad and, upon request of diplomatic missions accredited to th
United States, for foreign aircraft visiting the United States.
SHIPPING Divisiox.-This Division is responsible for the formula-
tion and coordination of policy and action in matters concerning inter-
national shipping. This includes such activities as (a) analysis and
study of all international aspects of shipping; (b) observationand
review of developments in the maritime services and laws of other
countries: (c) analysis and recommendation with regard to foreign
policy aspects of subsidies and other governmental assistance to ship-
ping and with regard to discriminatory laws or practices against
American shipping; (d) initiation of policy on international aspects
of inland transport matters and coordination of activities of other
Federal agencies in this field; (e) formulation and execution of policy
on matters involvigo the effect of ocean-freight and marine-insurance
rates on foreign trade; (f) initiation and coordination of policy and
action in connection with seamen's affairs; (g) analysis of regulatory
measures and standards that affect shipping and trade, in order to
determine their relationship to foreign policy; and (h) formulation
and coordination of the work of the Department concerned with
protection abroad of seamen and official services to ships by the
Foreign Service of the United States.
TELECOMMHUNICATIONs DivIsIoN.-This Division is charged
sponsibifity for the formulation and coordination of policy andwith re-
action
in matters pertaining to the international aspects of telegraph, tele-
phone, cable, and postal communications: and of radio, with reference
to technical as distinguished from informational phases.
Office of Public.Affairs
This Office formulates and coordinates policy and action concern-
ing American foreign policy in its aspect of affecting and being affected
by the American public.
DIVISIoN OF PUBLIC LIAISON.-This Division maintains liaison be-
tween the Department of State and the American public in order that
the public may (by means other than the issuance of releases to the
press) be kept informed regarding the international relations of the
United States and may be aided in presenting their views to the

Department.
DIvISION OF PUBLIC STUDIES.-This Division surveys and analyzses
public expression (in all media) concerning foreign affairs and pre-
pares reports on public opinions, public attitudes, and areas of lack of
public information respecting American foreign policy.
DIVISION OF HISTORICAL POLICY RESEARCH.-This Division is re-
sponsible for formulating and executing policy with respect to research
in the field of American foreign policy, historically considered, in-
cluding preparation of studies and compilations, maintenance of the
Department's Library, and maintenance of liaison with the National
Archives.
DIvISION OF PUBLICATIONS.-Initiation and coordination of the pub-
lication policy of the Department of State and execution of the De-
partient's publishing program are the responsibilities of the Division
of Publications.
Office of International Information and Cultural Affairs

This Office is responsible for the promotion among foreign peoples
of a better understanding of the aims, policies, and institutions of the
United States; the coordination of policy and action regarding pro-
grams of the United States in the field of international information
and cultural affairs; the dissemination abroad of information about
the United States through all appropriate media-; the promotion of
freedom of information among peoples; the furtherance of the inter-
national exchange of persons, knowledge, and skills; and the integra-
tion with over-all American foreign policy of the programs and
activities of other Federal agencies involving the international inter-
change of persons, knowledge, and skills. The Office includes a Pro-
gram Planning and Evaluation Board, a UNESCO (United Nations
Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) Relations Staff,
and the Secretariat of the Interdepartmental Committee on Scientific
and Cultural Cooperation.
INTERNATIONAL PRESS AND PUBLICATIONS DIVISION.—-This Division
is responsible for the initial formulation of operational policy with
respect to, and for the conduct of, the participation of the Department
in the international dissemination of information through the media
of the press, publications (excluding books), and related visual
techniques.
INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING DivIsIoN.-This Division is respon-
sible for the initial formulation of operational policy with respect to,
and for the conduct of, the participation of the Department in the
international dissemination of information through the medium ot
radio broadcasting.
INTERNATIONAL MOTION PICTURES DIVISION.-This Division is re-
sponsible for the initial formulation of operational policy with respect
to and for the conduct of, the participation of the Department in the
international dissemination of information through the medium of
motion pictures.
DIVISION OF INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE OF PERsoNs.-This Division
is responsible for the initial formulation of operational policy with
respect to, and the conduct of, the participation of the Department in
the international exchange of information, knowledge, and skills so
far as such operations involve (a) the exchange of students, professors,
specialists, or other persons, and (b) relationships between organiza-
tions in the fields of the sciences, letters, and arts.
DIVISION OF LIBRARIES AND INSTITUTEs.-This Division is respon-
sible for the initial formulation of operational policy with respect to,
and for the conduct of, the participation of the Department in the
international exchange of information, knowledge, and skills so far
as such operations involve the establishment of, assistance to, the
operation of, or the provision of books and other cultural materials for,
libraries, cultural centers, schools, or other institutions in foreign
lands, and the provisions of such materials for other uses by the
diplomatic missions of the United States.
AREA DIvisioNs.-The functions of the Area Divisions of this Office
include (a) planning the informational and cultural programs in their
respective areas, (b) coordinating the various programs of this Office
abroad at the operating stage and establishing controls over projects
in operation and over requests and proposals for action, (c) main-
taining liaison with the appropriate geographic offices of the Depart-
ment and their component divisions, (d) in cooperation with the Office
of the Foreign Service and other offices, recruiting, training, and super-
vising field employees engaged in the informational and cultural pro-
gramns, and (e) preparing analytical studies of field reports to further
the planning of more effective programs. The regions with which the
Area Divisions are concerned are indicated below.
AREA DivIsIoN I (EUROPE).-—Countries under the jurisdiction of
the Office of European Affairs, with the exception of Germany, Austria,
and Trieste, and with the addition of Greece.
AREA DIVISION II (NEAR EAST AND AFRICA).-Countries under the
jurisdiction of the Office of Near Eastern and African Affairs, -with
the exception of Greece.
AREA DIVISION III (FAR EAST).-Countries under the jurisdiction
of the Office of Far Eastern Affairs, with the exception of Japan and
Korea.
AREA DIVISION IV (AMERICAN REPUBLICS).-Countries under the
jurisdiction of the Office of American Republic Affairs.
AREA DIVISION V (OCCUPIED AREAS).-Germany, Austria, Japan,
Korea, and Trieste.
Office of the Foreign Service

Under the Foreign Service Act of 1946, approved August 13, 1946
(Public Law 724, 79th Cong., 2d sess.), the Foreign Service of the
United States is directly governed by a Director General, a Board of
the Foreign Service (three Assistant Secretaries of State and other
Government officers), and a Board of Examiners for the Foreign Serv-
ice (constituted in accordance with regulations prescribed by the
Secretary of State).
DIVISION OF FOREIGN SERVICE PLANNING.-Responsibility for pro-
gramming, planning, and recommending continual adjustments and
improvements in the over-all administration of the Foreign Service
g106 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL
is assigned to the Division of Foreign Service Planning, in collabora-

tion with other offices and divisions of the Department. This respon-
sibility includes (a) defining and analyzing functions and activities;
(b) initiating and reviewing projects and programs to be under-
taken by the Foreign Service; (c) analyzing and making recom-
mendations concerning the organization and management of establish-
ments abroad; (d) working to assure coordination of administrative
policies, procedures, and practices of the Foreign Service with those
of the Department and other agencies; (e) preparation, in collabora-
tion with other divisions, of budgetary programs covering Foreign
Service needs and of programs for the allotment of available funds;
(f) assisting in the development of effective organizational, admin-
istrative, and procedural techniques relating to the Foreign Service;
(g) initiating and drafting legislation and executive and regulatory
orders affecting the administration of the Foreign Service; and (h)
conducting other planning activities for the continuous improvement
of the administrative management and direction of the Foreign
Service in Washington and abroad.
DIVISION or FOREIGN SERVICE PERSONNEL.-This Division is respon-
sible for (a) recruitment, appointment, and promotion of all Foreign
Service personnel; (b) stimulation of effective personnel management
in establishments abroad; (c) planning and development of position-
classification and salarv-administration programs and establishing the
alignment of both; (d) cooperation with other divisions in the develop-
ment and use of training programs; and (e) counseling with Foreign
Service personnel.
FOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE.-The Institute is responsible
for carry-
ing out programs of training for Foreign Service and departmental
personnel and, upon request, for employees of other Government
agencies who are being sent abroad, including programs for (a) basic
officer training; (b) advanced officer training; (c) management and
administrative training; and (d) language training.
DIVISION OF FOREIGN REPORTING SERvIcEs.-This Division is charged
with responsibility for (a) administrative coordination of instruc-
tions and supervision of foreign reporting services required by the De-
partment and by other agencies in order to prevent duplication or
conflict of requests or instructions, and programming of work sched-
ules in respect to the economic and commercial reporting activities of
the Foreign Service; (b) recommending adjustments needed in the
field to comply with reporting requests and making recommendations
to assure adequate and prompt distribution of reports; (c) adminis-
tration of the system for evaluation of Foreign Service reports; and
(d) seeing that there is a comprehensive flow of background and policy
information to reporting officers in the field. Liaison ofcers of other
Government departments and agencies assigned to this Division serve
as a Board of Advisers in respect to economic and commercial report-
ing services.
DIvIsIoN OF FOREIGN SERVICE ADMINISTRATION.-This Division
is
responsible for the supervision of the Foreign Service in matters con-
cerning (a) notifications of outbreaks of disease, sanitary reports, and
bills of health; (b) exports to the United States; (c) services in
connection with the decease of Americans abroad; (d) notarial acts
and other instruments executed abroad for use in the United States;
(e) protection of American property and interests abroad; and (f)
miscellaneous services to Americans abroad. The Division is also re-
sponsible for assuring to establishments in the field the effective serv-
icing of their requests for supplies, equipment, etc., to meet general ad-
ministrative needs, and in this connection performs such special duties
as (a) arranging the opening and closing of Foreign Service establish-
ments abroad; (b) operating the diplomatic pouch service and super-
vising diplomatic couriers; (c) supervising the Department's despatch
agencies; and (d) giving general administrative assistance to missions
sent abroad by other agencies.
DIvISION OF FOREIGN BUILDINGS OPERATIONS.-This Division is re-
sponsible for the housing, maintenance, and furnishing of Foreign
Service establishments abroad, including (a) purchasing of properties
and constructing of buildings to house the diplomatic, consular, and
other agencies of the United States Government abroad; (b) making
the initial purchase of residential and special office furniture and fur-
nishings; and (c) leasing of sites and property abroad.
Office of Departmental Administration

The Office of Departmental Administration is responsible for ad-
ministrative activities and services applying to the entire Department
except those relating to security, the budget, and fiscal affairs.
DIvIsIoN OF MANAGENMENT PLANNING.-This Division is responsible
for performing such functions as (a) assisting in the effective manage-
mnent of the Department; (b) continuous appraisal of the Depart-
ment's organizational and functional relations with other govern-
mental and intergovernmental agencies; (c) investigation, analysis,
and appraisal of the Department's organizational structure; (d)
analysis of functions, work assignments, and lines of authority and
responsibility among the offices and divisions of the Department with
a view to clearer dennition; (e) study and analysis of work methods
and procedures with a view,to simplification of work, standardization
of methods and procedures, elimination of waste, and improved
utilization of employee skills; (f) preparation, or assistance in
preparation, and review of departmental regulations and announce-
ments and other documents concerning organizational structure,
.functions, lines of authority and responsibility, work methods, and
procedures; and (g) participation with other divisions in the con-
sideration of such matters as the preparation of budget estimates and
allotment of positions, the evaluation and classification of positions,
the allotment and utilization of space and equipment, and records
administration.
DIVISION OF DEPARTMENTAL PERSONNEL.-This Division has respon-
sibility for (a) planning, development, and execution of policies and
procedures governing personnel management in the Department; (b)
administration and execution of the applicable provisions of law and
of regulations controlling Government personnel-management pro-
grams; and (c) supervision of the development, installation, and
maintenance of personnel records.
DIVISION OF CENTRAL SERVIcEs.-This Division is charged with re-
sponsibility for such duties as (a) procurement, supply, and motor
738486°-47—8
vehicle services of the Department and the purchase of administrative

supplies and equipment for the Foreign Service; (b) procurement and
allocation of space; (c) provision of a complete reproduction, service
for administrative printing; and (d) the making of arrangements to
facilitate the official travel of officers and employees of the Depart-
ment and Foreign Service within and outside the continental limits
of the United States.
DivisioN OF COMM-UNICATIONS AND RECORDS.-This Division is re-
sponsible for the formulation of policies and the development and
establishment of procedures and regulations governing the dispatch,
receipt, and distribution of all correspondence, and telegraphic com-
inunications of the Department of State. It has jurisdiction over the
operation of the central departmental files and records.
DivisioN OF CRYPTOGRAPHY.-This Division is responsible for (a)
the construction of codes; (b) the development of procedures and
methods for the use of codes; (c) the selection of code equipment
adequate for the needs of the Department and the Foreign Service;
and (d) the maintenance of security of information transmitted by
means of cryptographic systems.
DIvISION OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES.-This Division is respon-
sible for the planning, coordination, and execution of all organizational
and administrative aspects of the preparation and conduct of inter-
national conferences.
CENTRAL TRANSLATING DIVISION.-This Division is responsible,
among other things, for all the translating and interpreting wo
the Department, including (a) translation from English of certain
official publications or other material recommended for distribution
abroad by Government departments and agencies participating in
the program of the Interdepartmental Committee on Scientific and
Cultural Cooperation, and, in cooperation with other divisions and
offices of the Department and the Interdepartmental Committee, the
formulation and administration of programs for the distribution of
such translations; (b) translation from English of addresses and state-
ments on foreign policy, as required, such translations to serve as the
official translated version of those public utterances; (c) translation
of communications addressed to the President by heads of foreign
states and other material referred by the White House, and of diplo7
inatic notes and miscellaneous material; and (d) the critical exam-
ination of foreign texts of draft treaties to which the United States
is to be a party, with a view to the closest harmonizing thereof with the
English text.
Office of Budget and Finance
This Office is responsible for consultation with and advice to the prin-
cipal policy officials of the Department with respect to (a) the budget-
ary implications of their plans and programs, (b) presentation and
justification of budgetary estimates to the Bureau of the Budget .and
the Congress, and (c) development of the financial program and
supervision of the budgetary and fiscal operations of the Department.
DIVISION or BUDCGET.-This Division is responsible for all bn dgetary
operations of the Department, including the Departmental Service,
the Foreign Service, and international commissions, organizations and
other bodies affiliated with the Department. These operations include
(a) development of budgetary plans and procedures for carrying into
effect the financial program; (b) coordination, analysis, and compila-
tion of budgetary data; (c) conduct of budgetary consultations within
the Department; (d) preparation of estimates of appropriations and
justification thereof to the Bureau of the Budget and the Congress;
(e) drafting of legislation affecting budgetary and fiscal policy and
operations; (f) assistance to the Budget Officer of the Department in
the hearings on the appropriation estimates before the Bureau of the
Budget and the Congress; (g) budgetary control of appropriations
through the allocation and allotment of funds and positions within
the limitations prescribed by the Bureau of the Budget and the Con-
gress; and (h) preparation of budgetary reports for the information
of officials of the Department and as required by the Bureau of the
Budget and the Congress.
DIviSION OF FINANcE.-This Division is responsible for the fiscal
operations of the Department, including international commissions,
organizations, and other bodies affiliated with the Department, and
the Foreign Service of the United States. These operations include
(a) development, design, and installation of systems, methods, proce-
dures, and forms for the control of fiscal operations; (b) maintenance
of accounts and related records, including pay roll and departmental
leave and retirement records; (c) audit of fiscal documents and ac-
counts' (d) fiscal control of the obligation and disbursement of funds;
(e) technical supervision of all field accounting and disbursing officers;
(f) carrying out of fiscal arrangements necessary to the fulfillment
of the financial obligations incurred by the United States through
membership in international organizations; (g) collaboration with the
Division of Foreign Service Administration in completing arrange-
ments for the use by other departments and agencies of the Government
of the fiscal facilities of the Foreign Service in the field; (h) collabora-
tion in the procurement and sale of foreign exchange by Foreign
Service establishments abroad; and (i) preparation of fiscal and
related reports as requested by officials of the Department, the Foreign
Service, the Bureau of the Budget, the Treasury Department, the
General Accounting Office, and the Congress.
UNRRA DIvisIoN.-This Division has responsibility for (a) direct-
ing the various phases of the UNRRA supply operations through the
facilities of Government procuring agencies; (b) providing such
assistance in regard to the formulation of policies and programs in
connection with American participation in UNIRIA as may be
requested; (c) assisting UNRRA in processing relief supply re-
quirements; (d) processing UNRRA requisitions for supplies to be
procured from American contributions to UNRRA; (e) preparing
commitment letters and other procurement documents; (f) maintain-
ing continual liaison with UNRRA and with the procuring and servic-
ing agencies on procurement and movement of relief supplies; (g)
maintaining accounting and operating records; and (h) preparing
periodic and special reports as required.
Office of Controls
The responsibilities of this Office are indicated in the paragraphs
which follow.
PASSPORT DIVISION.-This Division is responsible for formulating
and coordinating policy and action in all matters pertaining to (a) the
administration of laws and regulations relating to the control of
American citizens and nationals leaving and entering territory under
the jurisdiction of the United States; (b) limitation of travel of
American citizens in foreign countries; (c) determination of eligibility
to receive passports or to be registered as citizens or nationals of the
United States in American consulates; (d) prevention and detection
of fraud in passport matters and the preparation of cases involving
fraud for prosecution in the courts; (e) issuance of passports; (f) ad-
ministration of passport work performed by the executive officers
of the outlying Territories and possessions of the United States; (g)
supervision of passport agencies; and (h) direction of clerks of courts
with regard to passport matters.
VISA DIVISION.-The Visa Division is charged with responsibility
for the formulation and coordination of policy and action in all mat-
ters pertaining to (a) alien visa control; (b) the issuance of exit
permits; (c) the control of immigration quotas; (d) collaboration
with other divisions of the Department and other agencies of the
Government concerning the control of travel of aliens to and from
the United States.
SPECIAL PROJECTS DivIsIoN.-This Division is responsible for the
formulation and coordination of policy and action in all matters per-
taining to (a.) the whereabouts and welfare of Americans abroad and,
the transmission of funds to them; (b) the evacuation and repatriation
of Americans from foreign countries; (c) coordination of foreign
relief operations of private agencies with the foreign policy of the
Government; (d) representation by the United States Government
of the interest of foreign governments and problems arising from
the wartime representation of American interests by third powers in
countries where the United States has no representative; (e) super-
vision of the representation in the United States by third powers of
the interests of governments having no representative in the United
States; and (f) planning for the establishment of Interim Offices for
German Affairs to represent the Allied Control Council for Germany
throughout the world, and particularly an Interim Office in IWash-
ington to perform quasi-consular functions in respect of German
nationals in the United States.
DIVISION or FOrEIGN ACTIVITY CORRELATION.-This Division is con-
cerned with formulating and coordinating Department of State policy
in regard to foreign security information; taking the necessary action
to implement that policy; and directing all Departmental programs
in this field.
DIvIsIoN OF SECURITY AND INVESTIGATIONS.—This Division is re-
sponsible for investigation of Departmental and Foreign Service
applications for appointment, for making such investigations in con-
nection with the granting of passports and visas as may be necessary,
and for rendering investigative assistance to other offices and divi-
sions of the Department upon request.
MuNITIoNis DIVISION.-.This Division performs various duties de-

volving upon the Department of State with respect to the registra-
tion of arms manufacturers and the control of international trade in
arms and implements of war.
Office of Intelligence Research

This Office is responsible for planning, developing, and implement-
ing an integrated intelligence-research program for the Department,
coordinating it with those of other Federal agencies in order to pro-
vide the Department with foreign intelligence necessary for the for-
mulation and execution of American foreign policy and to provide
the National Intelligence Authority and the Central Intelligence
Group with studies pertinent to the national security. Four geo-
graphic divisions and one international and functional division con-
duct positive intelligence research in the areas of responsibility indi-
cated below:
DIVISION OF RESEARCH FOR AM[ERICAN REPUBLICS.-Mexico, Central
and South America, and the island republics of the Caribbean Sea.
DIVISION OF RESEARCH FOR EUROPE.-All of continental Europe (ex-
cept Greece and European Turkey); Union of Soviet Socialist Re-
publics; Great Britain, Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand,
and the Union of South Africa; Iceland and Greenland; Algeria;
and European dependencies in South America and the Caribbean.
DIVISION OF RESEARCH FORp FAR EAST.-China, Korea, Japan, Re-
public of the Philippines, Siam, French Indochina, Malayan Union
and Singapore, Netherlands Indies, and other islands and territories
in this area.
DIVISION OF RESEARCH FOR NEAR EAST AND AFRICA.-All of Africa,
except Algeria and the Union of South Africa; and all of the Near
Eastern and Middle Eastern countries., including Greece, India, and
Burma.
DIVISION OF INTERNATIONAL AND FUNCTIONAL INTELLIGENCE.-
This Division plans and executes programs of intelligence research
in such subjects, crossing regional lines, as trade and finance, trans-
port and communications, food and agriculture, social and cultural
affairs, population and labor, natural and other economic resources,
and technological developments.
Office of Intelligence Collection and Dissemination

This Office is charged with the acquisition and distribution of
positive intelligence source materials; the maintenance, cataloguing,
and indexing of the Department's central collection of intelligence
materials and reports; and the distribution of finished intelligence.
ACQUIsITON AND DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.-To this Division is as-
signed responsibility for (a) the procurement of positive intelligence
materials to meet existing and anticipated needs of the Department,
(b) the distribution to the offices of the Department and to other
authorized Government agencies, of incoming intelligence materials
not handled by the Division of Communications and Records or the
Division of Foreign Reporting Services, (c) detailed coordination of
the Department's intelligence-acquisition program with those of other
Government agencies, and (d) procurement and allocation of foreign

publications received through American Foreign Service officers.
REFERENCE DIVISION.-This Division has responsibility for (a)
maintaining, cataloguing, indexing, and classifying by subject the De-
partment's central collection of positive intelligence materials and
reports, (b) servicing requests for intelligence materials, (c) inform-
ing users of the receipt of new intelligence, and informing the Acquisi-
tion and Distribution Division of the needs for new intelligence
materials, and (d) preparing annotated bibliographies on current and
long-range research and intelligence subjects.
BIOGRPrIHIC INFORMATION DivISION.-This Division has responsibil-
ity for systematically organizing and evaluating information concern-
ing persons in foreign countries who are of intrinsic importance or
whose activities or views may be considered significant for the United
States in connection with the determination and implementation of
foreign policy.
MAP INTELLIGENCE DIVISION.-This Division is responsible for
serving the Department and other Govermnent agencies (a) by the
collection, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of foreign map and
other cartographic intelligence, (b) by maintaining a comprehensive
collection of maps, atlases, gazeteers, and other cartographic reference
materials needed for the consideration of international questions, and
(c) by preparing new maps.
CARIBBEAN COMMISSION
The Department of State exercises administrative jurisdiction over

the United States Section of the Caribbean Commission. It is the
function of this Commission, which includes also representatives of
France, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom, to encourage and
strengthen social and economic cooperation between member countries
and their territories and colonies in the Caribbean area.
INSTITUTE OF INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS
INTER-AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION
Under Executive Order 9710 of April 10, 1946, the Secretary of

State is responsible for the cooperative programs conducted by the
Institute of Inter-American Affairs and the Inter-American Educa-
tional Foundation, which were formerly controlled by the Office of
Inter-American Affairs. Both corporations are headed by the same
president. Their two boards of directors, whose members are ap-
pointed by the Secretary of State, are nearly identical in personnel.
Officials of the Department of State are included on the Boards. Some
of the cooperative agreements into which the two corporations have
entered with the other American republics continue into the latter
part of 1948. The programs are financed by contributions from the
United States and from the other American republics in which the
work is being done.
The Inter-American Educational Foundation has as its general
objective the development of cooperative educational programs which
emphasize the improvement of elementary, secondary, and normal
schools;* vocational and health education, especially in rural areas;
community-centered schools; literacy; the teaching of the English
language; and the interchange of teachers and students between the
United States and the other American republics.
The Institute of Inter-American Affairs conducts cooperative health
and sanitation programs, such as establishment of health centers and
hospitals; provision for improved water supply, sewage disposal, and
mosquito control; study fand control of special diseases; compilation
of vital statistics and epidemiological"information; enforcement of
sanitary regulations; establishment of public health training centers;
and health education. The food-supply program may be briefly
described as consisting of agricultural extension work designed to
introduce improved methods of food culture.
Approved.
GEORGE C. MARSHALL
Secretary of State
International Organizations in Which the United States

Participates
EXPLANATORY NOTE : Descriptions of many of the organizations listed below may be found
in the publication entitled International Agencies in Which the United States Partici-
pates. Omitted from the lists below are bilateral bodies. subordinate bodies of listed
organizations, and organizations which have been completely inactive for a number of
years.
1. International organizations in which the United States participates in one of the

following ways: (1) the United States participates officially as a member of the
organization ; (2) the United States Government makes annual financial contributions to
the organization ; (3) the United States Government is a party to an international
agreement creating the organization.
Apricultural:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Sciences.
International Seed Testing Association.
Coinmmcreial and Financial:
Emergency Economic Committee for Europe.
Inter-American Economic and Social Council.
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
International Bureau for the Publication of Customs Tariffs.
International Monetary Fund.
International Union for the Protection of Industrial Property.
Preparatory Commission of the International Trade Organization.
Commodities:
European Coal Organization.
Inter-American Coffee Board.
International Cotton Advisory Committee.
International Emergency Food Council.
International Sugar Council.
International Tin Study Group.
International Wheat Council.
Rubber Study Group.
Educational, Scientijic, Cultural:
Central Bureau of the International Map of the World on the Millionth Scale.
Inter-American Statistical Institute.
International Astronomical Union.
International Bureau of Weights and Measures.
International Council of Scientific Unions.
International Geographical Union.
International Hydrographic Bureau.
International Meteorological Organization.
International Scientific Radio Union.
International Statistical Institute.
International Union of Chemistry.
International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics.
Pan American Institute of Geography and History.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
Political and Legal:
Allied Commission for Austria.
Allied Commission on Reparations.
Allied Control Commission for Bulgaria.
Alliel Control Commission for Hungary.
Allied Control Commission for Rumania.
Political and Legal-Continued

Allied Control Council for Germany.
Allied Council for Japan.
Allied Swiss-German External Assets Liquidation Commission.
Committee of Control of the International Zone of Tangier.
Council of Foreign Ministers.
Emergency Advisory Committee for Political Defense.
Far Eastern Commission.
Inter-Allied Reparations Agency.
Inter-American Juridical Committee.
International Court of Justice.
International Military Tribunal.
International Military Tribunal for the Far East.
Interparliamentary Union for Promotion of International Arbitration.
Mediterranean Zone Board of International Organization for Mine Clearance of
European Waters.
Pan American Union.
Permanent Court of Arbitration.
United Nations.
United Nations War Crimes Commission.
Social an(i :ealth:
American International Institute for the Protection of Childhood.
Caribbean Commission.
Inter-American Commission of Women.
Inter-American Committee on Social Security.
Inter-American Indian Institute.
Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees.
Interim Commission of the World Health Organization.
International Central Office for the Control of Liquor Traffic in Africa.
International Commission for the Decennial Revision of the International Lists of
Diseases and Causes of Death.
International Labor Organization. 1
International Office of Public Health.
International Penal and Penitentiary Commission.
Pan American Sanitary Bureau.
Permanent Central Opium Board.
Preparatory Commission of the International Refugee Organization.
Supervisory body, established by the convention for limiting the manufacture and
regulating the distribution of narcotic'drugs (1931).
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration.
Transport and Comnmunications:
Engineering Committee of the North American Regional Broadcasting Conference.
European Central Inland Transport Organization.
Inter-American Radio Office.
International Civil Aviation Organization.
International Commission for the Maintenance of the Lighthouse at Cape Spartel.
International Commission of the Rhine River.
International Ice Patrol and Ice Observation Service.
International Technical Committee of Aerial Legal Experts.'
International Telecommunications Union.
Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses.
Permanent International Association of Road Congresses.
Postal Union of the Americas and Spain.
Provisional Maritime Consultative Council.
Universal Postal Union.
II. International organizations in which the United States participates by sending tech-
nical representatives to conferences and meetings.
International Society for the Study of Chemistry of the Soil.
Commodities:
North American Council on Fishery Investigations.
Educational, Scientific, Cultural:
International Bureau of Education.
International Bureau for Technical Education.
International Geological Congresses.
International Union of Biological Sciences.
,International Union of Physics.
International Committee of Military Medicine and Pharmacy.
International Hospital Association.
Transport and Commnsiications:
Pan American Highway Confederation.
Pan American Railway Congress.
'A protocol providing for the merger of the International Office of public Health into
the World Health Organization or its interim Commission has been submitted to member
This organization is expected to be merged with the International Civil Aviation
Organization in 1947.
Department of the Treasury
Fifteenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW.
EXecutive 6400, Branches 342, 345-47
OFFICIALS
Secretary of the Treasury _____ _
._-.... JOHN W. SNYDER
Secretary to the Secretary ------------------ MARY KELLY
Under Secretary of the Treasury ..- _ __.._.__._ A. L. M. WIGGINS
Assistant to the Under Secretary -. __.____.. JOHN S. GRAHAM
Assistant Secretary of the Treasury -...... _._.._ EDWARD H. FOLEY, Jr.
Assistant Secretary of the Treasury . . __.. (VACANCY)
Executive Assistant to Assistant Secretary. . B. E. L. TIMMONS, 3d
General Counsel -............................. JOSEPH J. O'CONNELL, Jr.
Fiscal Assistant Secretary of the Treasury........ EDWARD F. BARTELT
Assistant to the Fiscal Assistant Secretary. WILLIAM T. HEFFELFINGER
Technical Assistant to the Fiscal Assistant
Secretary -........................... , EDWARD D. BATCHELDEB
Executive Assistant to the Fiscal Assistant
Secretary -............................ , FRANK F. DIETRICH
Head, Fiscal Service Operating and Methods
Staff ....--..-----..........-..... , ...-
WALTER F. FRESE
Special Assistant to the Secretary -------... ,.. ANDREW N. OVERBY
Assistant to the Secretary -.. . ... .__- _ VERNON L. CLARK
Assistant to the Secretary ------.. ______ ARTHUR GARDNER
Administrative Assistant to the Secretary- _...-- WILLIAM W. PARSONS
Assistant Administrative Assistant to the
Secretary -..........................-.. PAUL MCDONALD
Director of Personnel .........- _.__._.__.. THEODORE F. WILSON
Budget Officer _-.._..._..__---......... WILLARD L. JOHNSON
Chief Clerk ....- ._--. ___________.___..._ FRANK A. BIRGFELD
Superintendent of Treasury Buildings- DENZIL A. RIGHT
Chief Coordinator-___.__.- - __- .____..- MALACHIIL.HARNEY, Acting
Chief, U. S. Secret Service---........--------- JAMES J. MALONEY
Tax Legislative Counsel--............. - - STANLEY S. SURREY
Director, Foreign Funds Control-----......... JOHN S. RICHARDS
Director of Public Relations-- -- ....-- CHAS. P. SHAEFFER
Director of Monetary Research..------ .. __._. HAROLD GLASSER
Associate Director of Monetary Research..--..- OBvIs A. SCHMIDT
Director of Research and Statistics----------... GEORGE C. HAAS
Librarian -- __..-----._---. ISABELLA S. DIAMOND
Director of Tax Research—------------ _.---__ Louis SHEER, Acting
Legal Division:
Assistant General Counsel--------------.-- JOHN P. WENCHEL
Assistant General Counsel--.....----..- NORMAN 0. TIETJENS
Assistant General Counsel-----.....------- THOMAS J. LYNCH
Assistant General Counsel------------------ CHARLES OLIPHANT
Assistant General Counsel------------------ JOSEPH B. FRIEDMAN
Assistant General Counsel----------...- STEPHEN J. SPINQARN
Bureau of the Public Debt:
Commissioner of the Public Debt ---------- EDWIN L. KILBY
Associate Commissioner-------------------- DONALD M. MERRITT
Deputy Commissioner——- -.__--------- Ross A. HEFFELFINGEB
Register of the Treasury—- -------------- EDWARD G. DOLAN
Chief, Division of Loans and Currency------- MARVIN WESLEY
Chief, Division of Public Debt Accounts and
Audit---------- -------------------- MELVIN R. LOAFMAN
Chief, Division of Paper Custody—---------C. EARL GRANTHAM
'Organization chart on page 575.
115
Bureau of Engraving and Printing:

Director..------------------------------- ALVIN W. HALL
Associate Director--CLARK R. LONG
Assistant Director (Production) -- THOMAS F. SLATTERY
Bureau of Accounts:
Commissioner of Accounts ---------------- R. .MAXWELL
Associate Commissioner-GILBERT L. CAKE
Assistant Commissioner-JOSEPH GREENBERG
Chief Accountant----------------------- GEORGE E. JONES
Assistant to the Commissioner-H. R. GEARHART
Executive Assistant to the Commissioner----- EDMUND C. NSSEA
Chief Disbursing Officer, Division of Dis-
bursement------ PAUL D. BANNING
Chief, Division of Bookkeeping and Warrants— JOsEPH A. WOODSON
Chief, Division of Deposits---------------- BERNAD M. MULVIHILL
Chief, Division of Financial Reports-LEONARD A. RITCHIE
Chief, Division of Investments-STEPHEN P. GERARDI
Bureau of the Comptroller of the Currency:
Comptroller-C B.-------
PRSTON DELANO
Deputy Comptroller- ------------------ C B. PHAM
Deputy Comptroller- -------- . B. MCANDLSS
Deputy Comptroller----------------------- J L. ROBETSON
Office of the Treasurer of the United States:
Treasurer of the United States------------- WILLIA A. JULIAN
Assistant Treasurer-MARION BANISTER
Assistant to the Treasurer-MICHAEL E. SLINDEE
United States Savings Bonds Division:
National Director -------- VERNON L. CLARK
Associate National Director-LAURENCE M. OLNEY
Director of Information ----------- Lois CAOW
Director of Payroll Savings Division--------- LEON J. MAKHAM
Director of Special Field Activities-HAROLD B. MASTER
Director of Administration--------------- BILL MDONALD
Bureau of Narcotics:
Commissioner of Narcotics --------------- HARRY J. ANSLINGER
Deputy Commissioner------------------- WILL S. WOOD
Bureau of Internal Revenue:
Commissioner of Internal Revenue--------- JOSEPH D. NUNAN, JR.
Assistant Commissioner------------------ WILLIAM T. SHERWOOD
Assistant Commissioner- —
------- - STEWART BERKSHIRE
Special Deputy Commissioner ------------- ELDON P. KING
Assistant to the Commissioner—----------- T. C. ATKESON
Deputy Commissioner—---- - D. SPENCER BLISS
Deputy Commissioner—------------------ PAUL A. HANKINS
Deputy Commissioner-------------------- E. I. McLARNRY
Deputy Commissioner ------------------- CARROLL E. MEALEY
Deputy Commissioner—-------------------- VICTOR H. SELF
Chairman, Excess Proflits Tax Council------ CHARLES D. HAMEL
Head, Salary Stabilization Unit------------- WILBER A. GALLAHAN
Head, Technical Staff---------------------- AUBREY R. MARES
Chief, Intelligence Unit——- ——--------- W. H. WOOLF
Bureau of Customs:
Commissioner of Customs----------------- WILLIAM R. JOHNSON
Assistant Commissioner-------------------- FRANK Dow
Director of the Mint- --------- MS. NELLIE TAYLOE Ross

Associate Director----------------------- LELAND HOWARD
Bureau of Federal Supply (formerly Procurement
Division):
Director --- ---------- ---------- CLIFTON E. MACK
Assistant Director-.- J. B. TOMPKINS
Deputy Director---- ------- PAUL KING
Deputy Director-C.---— - -- C W. EICHELBERGEB
Deputy Director--- S. A. SNYDER
Deputy Director- ------- W. S. MACLEOD
Deputy Director-W----- W. M. B. FREEMAN
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 117
United States Coast Guard:
Commandant.---------------.-..._..._._.. ADM. JOSEPH F. FARLEY
Assistant Commandant-—-----_--_- ------- REAR ADMI.MERLIN O'NEILL
Chairman, Committee on Pratice--------------- JOHN L. GRAVES
CREATION AND Au-rorrIY ".-The

Treasury Department was created
by act of Congress approved September 2, 1789 (1 Stat. 65; 5 U. S. C.
241). Many subsequent acts have figured in the development of the
Department, delegating new duties to its charge and establishing the
numerous bureaus and divisions which now compose the Treasury.
PURPOSE.-The original act established the Department to super-
intend and ma-nage the national finances. This act charged the Sec-
retary of the Treasury with the preparation of plans for the im-
provement aind management of the revenue and the support of the
public credit. It further provided that lie should prescribe the forms
for keeping and rendering all manner of public accounts and for the
making of returns. Hle was empowered to grant, subject to the
limitations of the. amended act, all warrants for moneys to be issued
from the_ Treasury pursuant to legal appropriations, and to furnish
information, upon request, to either or both branches of Congress
on any matter referred to him or pertaining to his office. The act
further stated it to be the duty of the Secretary "generally to perform
all such services relative to the finances as he shall be directed to
perform" (y1Stat. 65; 5 U. S. C. 242).
With the expansion of the country and its financial structure,
frequent revisions and amendments to the act have so broadened the
scope of the Treasury Department that it now embraces a score or
more of diversified bureaus, divisions, and offices, and many new
duties have been delegated to its charge. Besides managing the
financial affairs of the Nation, the Department now controls the coin-
age and printing of money and the procurement of Federal supplies.
The Coast Guard, the Narcotics Bureau, and the Secret Service have
been placed under the supervision and jurisdiction of the Department.
The Secretary of the Treasury is required by law to submit an
annual report to Congress upon the condition of the finances, and to
make public the first of each month the last preceding weekly state-
inent of the Treasury (5 Stat. 696; 5 U. S. C. 271).
The Secretary of the Treasury is Chairman of the Board of Trustees,
Endowment Fund, of the American Red Cross; Chairman, Library
of Congress Trust Fund Board; Chairman, National Advisory
Council on International Monetary and Financial Problems; Chair-
man, Contract Settlement Advisory Board; U. S. Governor of the
International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Recon-
struction and Development; and managing trustee, Board of Trustees
of the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund. He is
a member of the Board of Trustees of the Postal Savings System, the
Smithsonian Institution, the Foreign Service Buildings Commission,
the National Archives Council, the National Park Trust Fund Board,
the Board of Trustees of the National Gallery of Art, the Foreign-
Trade Zones Board, the National Munitions Control Board, the Board
of Directors, Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation, the Advisory
Board, Export-Import Bank of Washington, the Joint Committee on

Reduction of Nonessential Federal Expenditures, and trustee of the
Franklin D. Roosevelt Library.
ORGANIZATION.-Affairs of the Treasury Department are generally
supervised by the Secretary of the Treasury. He is assisted in the
management and direction of the Department's numerous and varied
branches by the Under Secretary of the Treasury, two Assistant Sec-
retaries of the Treasury, the Fiscal Assistant Secretary of the Treas-
ury, the General Counsel, and a staff of administrative, special, and
technical assistants who supervise and correlate the activities of the
different bureaus, offices, and divisions. Each bureau is under the
general direction of a chief, who reports to the Secretary and his
immediate assistants.
The principal branches of the Department are as follows:
Bureau of the Comptroller of the Cur- Fiscal Service
rency Office of the Fiscal Assistant
Bureau of Customs Secretary
Bureau of Engraving and Printing Bureau of Accounts
Bureau of Internal Revenue Bureau of the Public Debt
Bureau of the Mint Office of the Treasurer of the
Bureau of Narcotics United States
Committee on Practice United States Savings Bonds Division
Division of Monetary Research Foreign Funds Control
Division of Personnel Office of Superintendent of Treasury
Division of Research and Statistics Buildings
Division of Tax Research Bureau of Federal Supply
Legal Division United States Secret Service
Office of the Chief Clerk United States Coast Guard
Office of the Tax Legislative Counsel
ACTIVITIES
Bureau of the Comptroller of the Currency
The Bureau of the Comptroller of the Currency was created by

act of Congress approved February 25, 1863 (12 Stat. 665).
SUPERVISION oF NATIONAL BANKS.-The Comptroller has general
supervision over all national banks in operation, the organization of
new national banks, the consolidation of national banks, or State
with national, conversion of State banks into national, the granting
of rights to operate branches by national banks, and the administra-
tion, through receivers, of any that fail. He also receives reports
from banks in voluntary liquidation and from trustees holding assets
for the benefit of depositors of banks reorganized under section
207 of the Bank Conservation Act, March 9, 1933 (48 Stat. 2; 12
U. S. C. 201). He requires national banks to submit reports of con-
dition at least three times a year. The Comptroller also supervises
all banks and trust companies, building and loan associations not
chartered under the Federal Home Loan Bank Act, as amended, and
credit unions not chartered under the Federal Credit Unions Act,
doing business in the District of Columbia. The Comptroller, in
accordance with present status, is responsible for the preparation of
an annual report to Congress on the status of national banks.
DEPARTMENT OF THE
T REASURY 119
APPOINTMENT OF RECEIVERS AND FORFEITURE OF CHARTER.-He is

empowered to appoint a receiver for any national bank which he
finds insolvent, and may bring suit for forfeiture of charter against
any national bank for deliberate violations of the national banking
laws.
APPOINTMENT OF CONSERVATORs.-The Comptroller may appoint
conservators to administer the affairs of national banks pending
reorganization or ultimate receivership, and is required to approve
reorganization plans for such banks if nonassenting creditors or
stockholders are to be found.
EXAMINATION oF NATIONAL BANKS.-The Comptroller's office main-
tains a staff of examiners who make regular examinations of all
national banks, reporting on the condition of solvency and state of
compliance with the provisions of law with respect to such banks.
ISSTUE OF BOND-SECURED NATIONAL BANK NoTEs.-Until August 1,
1935, the Comptroller had charge of the issue and redemption of
national bank notes secured by United States bonds. The expira-
tion of the 3-year privilege provided by section 29 of the Federal
Home Loan Bank Act of July 22, 1932 (47 Stat. 740), and redemp-
tion of the consols and Panama Canal 2-percent bonds on July 1 and
August 1, 1935, respectively, resulted in the discontinuance of cir-
culation by national banks after the last-named date. The Comp-
troller still is charged with the responsibility for issue and redemp-
-tion of Federal Reserve notes and Federal Reserve Bank notes.
FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSJURANCE CORPORATION.-The Comptroller of
the Currency is an ex-officio member of the Federal Deposit Insur-
ance Corporation.
Bureau of Customs
The Bureau of Customs was created by the act approved March 3,
1927 (44 Stat. 1381; 5 U. S. C. 281).
GENERAL DUTIES.-The Bureau of Customs, under the Commis-
sioner, administers the powers and duties vested in the Secretary
of the Treasury pertaining to the importation and entry of merchan-
dise into and the exportation of merchandise from the United States,
and to the regulation of certain marine activities.
COLLECTION OF DUTIES AND LAW ENFORCEMENT.-The Bureau's prin-
cipal -function is the assessment and collection of import duties and,
incident to this, the prevention of smuggling, including the smuggling
of contraband, such as narcotics. The Bureau cooperates with other
Government aoencies in enforcing the preventive, sanitary, and other
laws relating to articles brought into the United States, and in some
cases to outgoing articles. It maintains a service which investigates
smuggling activities, compliance with the customs and navigation
laws, and such administrative matters as may require investigation.
MARINE ACTIVITIEs.-The Bureau handles the registry, enrollment,
and licensing of vessels; admeasurement of vessels; collection of ton-
nage taxes; entrance and clearance of vessels and aircraft; regulation
of vessels in the coasting and fishing trades; use. of foreign vessels in
the territorial waters of the United States; recording of mortgages
and sales of vessels; protection of steerage passengers; and the remis-
sion and mitigation of fines, penalties, and forfeitures incurred under

the laws governing these matters.
OTHER ACTIVITIES.-In connection with the export control program,
the Bureau of Customs is charged with inspection of all export
declarations and permits presented as a prerequisite to-export in order
to insure compliance with the licensing provisions of the State Depart-
ment, the Bureau of Narcotics, the Office of International Trade of the
Department of Commerce, and other agencies of the Government
to prevent the exportation of controlled materials of every description
except under proper license or permit. When deemed necessary, an
actual examination of exported articles is made by customs officers to
insure compliance with export control requirements. On the request
of the Office of International Trade, Department of Commerce, the
customs investigative unit conducts field investigations of individuals.
firms, and corporations conducting business relating to exports of
merchandise from the United States, of violations of the Export
Control Act, and of suspected irregular exports.
The Bureau examines, on behalf of the State Department, passports
of American citizens departing from the United States at seaports and
airports for certain countries.
By direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, the Bureau of
Customs cooperates with the Foreign Funds Control of the Depart-
ment by maintaining physical control of persons and their effects
entering and leaving the United States to insure that no securities are'
taken out of or brought into the United States except in such amounts
or values as may be authorized by the Secretary of the Treasury. The
persons and baggage of suspects entering the United States are
searched to prevent the bringing of gold into this country in violation
of the Gold Reserve Act of January 30, 1934 (48 Stat. 337; U. S. C.
titles 12 and 31).
The Bureau of Customs enforces the rationing orders issued by the
Office of Price Administration insofar as such orders apply (1) to
supplies and stores for vessels entering United States ports, (2) to
persons entering the United States, and (3) to merchandise imported
into the United States. It assists the Civilian Production Adminis-
tration 1in the enforcement of its orders relating to the importation of
strategic materials. It also cooperates with the Department of Agri-
culture in connection with restrictions on the importation of certain
foods.
DISTRICT OFFICES-BUREAU OF CUSTOMS
District Collector Address
go. 1. Maine, New Hamp- Joseph T. Sylvester -- U. S. Customhouse, 312 Fore Street, Portland 3,
shire. Maine.
No. 2. Vermont -....-- - James E. Manahan--.. Corner South Main and Stebbins Streets, St.
Albans.
No. 4. Massachusetts - William R. Burke, Jr__ I. S. Customhouse, 2 India Street, Boston 9.
No. 5. Rhode Island -- —--Louis T. Rocheleaun-U-- U. S: Customhouse, Weybosset Street, Provi-
dence 3.
No. 6. Connecticut - Mrs. Fannie D. Welch_. P. 0. Building, 120 Middle Street, Bridgeport 9.
No. 7. St. Lawrence - Leo E. Trombly--R-— Hall Building, 127 North Water Street, Ogdens-
burg, N. Y.
I Now Office of Materials Distribution, Department of Commerce.

DISTRICT OFFICES-BUREAU OF CUSTOMS-Continued
No. S. Rochester - ....... Austin J. Mahoney---. Federal Building, 30 Church Street, Rochester 14
N.Y.
No.. Bufalo-............Ross E. Brown ......... P.O. Building, 115 Ellicott Street,; Buffalo N.Y.
No. 10. New York -........... Harry M. Durning -.... U. S. Customhouse, Bowling Green, New York
City 4. .
No. 11. Philadelphia----- A. Raymond Rafi .- U. S. Customhouse, Second and Chestnut
Streets, Philadelphia 6, Pa.
No. 12. Pittsburgh ----...- Mrs. Elaine Beadling_ New Federal Building, Seventh Avenue and
Grant Streeti Pittsburgh 19, Pa.
No. 13. Maryland -George T. Cromwell--- U. S. Customhouse, Gay, Lombard, and Water
Streets, Baltimore 2.
No. 14. Virginia .- ... Alexander H. Bell-——U. S. Customhouse, Main and Granby Streets,
Norfolk 10
No. 15. North Carolina- John Bright Hill-—— U. S. Customhouse, Water Street, Wilmington.
No. 16. South Carolina - William J. Storen U. S. Customhouse, 200-6 East Bay Street,
Charleston 3.
No. 17. Georgia- ....... Howell Cone ---....... U. S. Customhouse, Bay and Bull Streets,
Savannah.
No. 18. Florida- —--. - Allie J. Angle - ... . S. Customhouse, Florida Avenue, between
Zach and Twigg Streets, Tampa 1.
N\o. 1. Mobile---.———. Joseph H. Lyons .- . Courthouse and Customhouse, 113 St. Joseph
Street, Mobile 4, Ala.
No. 20. New Orleans .-—. A. Miles Pratt .- U. S. Customhouse, 423 Cana! Street, New
Orleans 16, La.
No.21.Sabine --------- Victor Russell - .... U-
U. S. Customhouse, 501 Fifth Street, Port
Arthur, Tex.
No. 22. Galveston---P--— Fred C. Pabst -- 401 Post Office, Customhouse and Courthouse
Building, Seventeenth and Strand Streets,
Galveston, Tex.
No. 23. Laredo -H-- —-- Harry P. Hornby.-------218 Federal Building, Laredo, Tex.
No. 24. El Paso------—- Harris Walthall------ 108 U. S. Courthouse, El Paso, Tex.
No. 25. San Diego- Robert E. Noonan --- 325 West F Street, San Diego 1, Calif.
No. 26. Arizona---- ---- Craig Pottinger-- - P. 0. Building, Nogales.
No. 27. Los Angeles - —-- -Witliam Jennings H. W. Hellman Building, 354 South Spring
Bryan, Jr. Street, Los Angeles 13, Calif.
No. 28. San Francisco---— Paul R. Leake - U—-
U. S. Customhouse, Washington and Battery
Streets, San Francisco 26, Calif.
No. 29. Oregon.-----——— Mrs. NanWoodHoney- Federal Building, 220 Northwest Eighth Place,
man. Portland 9.
No. 30. Washington -— Howard H. McGowan.- Federal Building, First Avenue and Madison
Street, Seattle 4.
No. 31. Alaska- --- --- James S. Connors- Federal and Territorial Building, Fourth and
Main Streets, Juneau.
No. 32. Hawaii-—-— - Robert L. Shivers-—.- U. S. Customhouse, King and Richard Streets,
Honolulu 6.
No. 33. Montana, Idaho --- William H. Bartley- .. Post Office and Courthouse. 215 First Street,
North, Great Falls, Mont.
No. 34. Dakota—- ——- John O'Keefe - —--U-- U. S. Federal Building, Stutsman and Cavalier
Streets, Pembina, N. Dak.
No. 35. Minnesota---------- Mrs. Viena P. Johnson-_ 218 U. S. Courthouse, Marquette Avenue and
Third Street, Minneapolis 1.
No. 36. Duluth and Supe- Mrs. Clara E. Sarvella- 205 Federal Building, Duluth, Minn.
rior.
No. 37. Wisconsin —- — Henry V. Sohwalbach --- Federal Building, 317 East Wisconsin Avenue,
Milwaukee 2.
No. 38. Michigan---.——.Martin R. Bradley --- 100 W. Lamed Street, Detroit 26.
No. 39. Chicago—--- Joseph A. Ziemba - — U. S. Customhouse, 610 South Canal Street, Chi-
cago 7, Dl.
No. 40. Indiana.----- .. Alden H. Baker - 115 N. Pennsylvania Street, Indianapolis 4.
No. 41. Ohio--——...——..a Mrs. Bernice Pyke -- —-244Federal Building, Cleveland 14.
DISTRICT OFFICES-BUREAU OF CUSTOMS-Continued
No. 42. Kentucky _------— Harry M. Brennan.-- Fincastle Building, Third and Broadway, Louis.
~ville
~~~,_~~~~~~~~~- 2.
No. 43. Tennessee - Abe D. Waldauer- 249 Post Office Building, Front Street at Madison
Avenue, Memphis 3.
No. 45. St. Louis - James R. Wade .---- 514 New Federal Building, Twelfth Boulevard
and Market Street, St. Louis 1, Mo.
No. 47. Colorado -B.----- HIarry A. Zinnl-. ... S. Customhouse, Nineteenth and Stout
U.
Streets, Denver 2.
No. 49. Puerto Rico - .- Jean S. Whitte-
.—. Mrs. U. S. Customhouse, Deposito Street, La Marina.
more. San Juan 9.
No. 51. Virgin Islands.- _- Carl L. Root.------ Post Office and Customhouse, Norre Gade and
King's Wharf, Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas.
Bureau of Engraving and Printing

The Bureau of Engraving and Printing, under the Director, designs,
engraves, and prints for the Federal Government, Federal Reserve
Board, and Government-owned corporations, all currency, bonds,
notes, certificates; checks; revenue, customs, war savings, and postage
stamps; military certificates; and other forms of engraved documents.
It performs a similar function for the insular possessions.
Bureau of Internal Revenue
The Office of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, commonly re-
ferred to as the Bureau of Internal Revenue, was created by the act
of July 1, 1862 (12 Stat. 432; 26 U. S. C. 1).
GENERAL ADMINISTRATION OF INTERNAL REVENUE LAws.-The Bu-
reau of Internal Revenue, under the direction of the Commissioner,
has general supervision over the determination, assessment, and collec-
tion of all internal revenue taxes. It is charged with the enforcement
of the internal revenue laws, and prepares and distributes the forms
and instructions for the filing of tax returns.
INCOME AND PROFITS TAXES.-The Income Tax Unit administers the
income and profits tax provisions of the internal revenue laws, prepar-
ing regulations in this regard, receiving, auditing, and verifying the
returns, and reviewing and disposing of claims for refund.
EXCESS PROFITS RELIEF.-The Excess Profits Tax Council adminis-
ters all claims for relief from excess profits tax under section 722 of
the Internal Revenue Code.
ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND INDUSTRIAL ALCOHOL.-The Alcohol Tax
Unit is charged with the administration of the laws relating to the
manufacture, warehousing, and distribution of spirituous liquors,
wines, fermented liquors, and industrial alcohol; the determination,
assertion, and assessment of taxes and penalties on liquors; the inquiry
and investigation relative to the filing of returns for occupational and
commodity taxes; the regulation of the manufacture and use of liquor
bottles and the chemical analysis of liquors and numerous other prod-
ucts to determine their taxable status. It administers the provisions
of the Federal Alcohol Administration Act of -August 29, 1935 (49
Stat. 977; 27 U. S. C. 201-11), relating to the regulation of interstate
and foreign commerce in distilled spirits, wines, and malt beverages
and the labeling and advertising thereof. It is also charged with the
investigation, detection and prevention of willful and fraudulent viola-
tions of internal revenue laws relating to liquors.
EMIPLOYMENT TAXES.-The Employment Tax Unit administers the
taxes imposed by the Federal Insurance Contributions Act, the Federal
Unemployment Tax Act, and the Railroad Retirement Act.
OTHER INTERNAL REVENUE TAXES.-The Miscellaneous Tax Unit
administers the internal revenue laws as they apply to other than
alcohol, employment, and income and profits taxes, preparing regu-
lations in connection therewith, receiving, auditing, and verifying
the returns, and reviewing and disposing of claims for refund and
abatement.
SALARY STABILIZATION.-The Bureau is responsible for the judging
and closing of all cases of alleged violation of the Wage and Salary
Stabilization laws and regulations formerly administered both by this
unit and also the National Wage Stabilization Board. Except for the
processing of prior violations, all wartime wage and salary controls
were terminated by Executive Order 9801 of November 9, 1946.
SUPERVISION OF COLLECTORS AND FIELD FORCES.-The Accounts and
Collections Unit is charged with the administration of matters having
to do with the organization and management of the offices of collectors
of internal revenue, including their field forces, and with the adminis-
trative audit of revenue and disbursing accounts of the Internal Reve-
nue Service. It also issues stamps to collectors of internal revenue.
FIELD SERVICE.-The four main divisions of the Field Service are
the Field Collection Service, the Field Audit Service, the Supervisory
Field Service of the Alcohol Tax Unit, and Field Divisions of the
Technical Staff. In addition, the Bureau maintains a staff of intelli-
gence agents, supervisors of accounts and collections, miscellane-
ous and sales-tax agents, and salary stabilization officers. Repre-
sentatives of the General Counsel's Office are assigned to field stations
as counsel for the various field services.
COLLECTION DISTRICTS-BUREAU OF INTERNAL REVENUE
District Collector's Office Collector
ALABAMA ------ —------—----—- Birmingham 3..- _ ---- Henry J. Willingham

ALASKA (part of Washington District)- -------- --
.__
ARIZONA ----------------------- -- Phoenix-------- William P. Stuart
ARKANSAS ---------------------- Little Rock ------ ——--- Horace E. Thompson
CALIFORNIA (1st District) -- - San Francisco I -l--.- James G. Smyth
CALIFORNIA (6th District) ---- — Los Angeles 53 (P.O. Box 391)_ Harry C. Westover
COLORADO -------- ---- —-- Denver 2----—————- Ralph Nicholas
CONNECTICUT - Hartford 1-
.----------------------- ------- Frank W. Kraemer
DELAWARE - .------
------------------- Wilmington 99-Norman Collision
DISTRICT OF COLUTMBIA (Part of Mary- . - -----
land District).
FLORIDA ----------------------------- Jacksonville 1 ..- John L. Fahs
GEORGIA -.----- —-—- - Atlanta 3---- —-- Marion H. Allen
HAWAII -... .....-- Honolulu 3 - —-—----Henry Robinson
.-----
IDABO .-..---------- ------------------- Boise---------—-—--- -- John R. Viley
ILLINOIS (1st District) ------- — Chicago 90 -Nigel D. Campbell
738486° 47--9
COLLECTION DISTRICTS-BUREAU OF INTERNAL REVENUE-Continued
District Collector's Office Collector
li.lNois (8th District) -- - - - Springfield -.- Vincent Y. Dallman

INDIANA------------- -— -.....- — Indianapolis 6-- — — F. Shirley Wilcox
IOWA———————.— Des Moines 8 .-——
—--- - Edward H. Birmingham
KANSAS— ——-————-- Wichita 1-———— — Lynn R. Brodrick
KENTUCKY--——-------------------- - Louisville 1 _-—— —--—-- Seldon R. Glenn
LOUISIANA- New Orleans 16- Charles A. Donnelly
MAINE------- — ------------
--- Augusta _-- _---- Clinton A. Clauson
MARYLAND- —————————— Baltimore 2_.- George Hofferbert
MASSACtUSETTS --------------------- 9
Boston 8----— — Dennis W. Delaney
MICHioAN---------------------- - Detroit 31 - Giles Kavanagh
MINNESOTA.-: ---- St. Paul 1
..............---- —_—- — ElmerF. Kelm
. ..
Mississ ippi-------------- -- Jackson 109
--- -.--- Eugene Fly
MisSouaI (1st District) -— — - St. Louis I (P. 0. Box 1740)- James P. Finnegan
MiSSOUsI (6th Distrisct) -_ __- __ Kansas City 6-------- —- Dan M. Nee
___
MONTANA —-H--------— ---- — Helena - ------ ————-_ Lewis Penwell

NEBAKAxA-—————————— Omaha 2.-—————_ George WV.O'Malley
NEVADA--B-------- - Renon- ———————— Robert L. Douglass
NEW HAMPSHIRE.- — -- -—-- —--- Portsmouth - _-- - Peter M. Gagne
NEW JERSEY (Ist District) -_ -_- -- Camden - ————— Harry L. Maloney
NEW JESEY (5th District) -- —--Newark 2 - John E. Manning
NEW MEXICO —-—----------------— —---Albuquerque---------------- Steven P. Vidal
NEW YORE (Ist District) -- —-- 210 Livingston Street, Joseph P. Marcelle
Brooklyn 2.
NEW YORK (2d District) -- ——-- Customhouse, New York 4-- William I. Pedrick
NEW YoRK (3d District) -- —-- 110 E. Forty-fifth etreet, James W.. Johnson
New York 17.
NEW YOK.(14th District) - —- Albany 1 —--------
.-- Harry M. Hickey
NEW YORK (21st District)- -- - Syracuse 1-Frank - J. Shaugisnessy
NEW YORK (28th District)---—-—- Buffalo 1 (P. 0. Box 60, Ni- George T. McGowan
agara Sq. Sta.)
NOETH CAROLINAG—————— Greensboro------ —-- Charles H. Robertson
NORTH DAKOTA--Fargo ------- —-—- - Hector H. Perry
OBIO (1st District)--——————— Cincinnati I (P. 0. Box 1818). Thomas A. Gallagher
OHIO (10th District) -Toledo - I -———-- —- John J. Quinlivan
OHIO (11th District)-Columbus- 16 - - - Harry F. Busey
OHIO (18th District)-Cleveland- 16 (P. 0. Box Thomas M. Carey
5879)
OKLAHOMA-——————————— Oklahoma City I (P. 0. Box Henry Clifford Jones
1318)
OREGON-- —- - - Portland 9 (P. 0. Box 1341)- James W.Maloney
PENNSYLVANIA (lst District)------- Philadelphia 7--- —--- Francis R. Smith
PENNSYLVANIA (12th District) - Scranton 14- ----— --- Joseph T. McDonald
PENNSYLVANIA (23d District)-——— Pittsburgh 30 (P. 0. Box Stanley Grangi-r
2008)
RHODE ISLAND--Providence 2 (P.O.Boxl6)- Farrell D. Coyle
SOUTH CAROLINA- --- Columbia 3-— ------- William P. Bowers
SOUTH DAKOTA-————————— Aberdeen (P. 0. Box 370) Thomas C. Rasper
TENNESSEE--———————- Nashville 3--------.--- Lipe Henslce
TEXAS (1st District) - - - Austin 8 (P. 0. Box 1150)-.- Frank Scofield
TEXAS (2d District) -Dallas - I (P. 0. Box 119) — Herbert E. Arnold, Acting
UTAH----- ---- -- - Salt Lake City 1 (P. 0. Box William J. Korth
1288)
VERMONT----- — -- --- Burlington -------- Sam E. Richardson
VmGiNiA -- --- - -- - - Richmond 17---------- Nathaniel B. Early, Jr.
WASIUNGTON--- Tacoma 2 (P. 0. Box 1619)-- Clarke Squire
WEST VnSGINiA -- -.. - -- Parkcrsburg -F--- F. Roy Yoke
WISCONSIN-I---——----- -- Milwaukee 1---- —- - FrankSJ. Kuhl
WYOMINao-Ch------ ------ eyenne------- Frank G. Clark
Bureau of the Mint

The Mint of the United States was established by act of Con-
gress April 2, 1792 (I Stat. 246). The Bureau of the Mint was estab-
lished by act of Congress February 12, 1873 (17 Stat. 424; 31 U. S. C.
251-73).
SUPERVISION or MINTS, ASSAY OFFICES, AND DEPOSITORIES.-The Bu-
reau of the Mint, in -Washington, under the Director, has general
supervision of tlhe United States mints, assay offices, and depositories.
It directs the coinage of money, domestic and foreign; the striking of
medals for the armed services and others; and supervises all activities
of the seven mint institutions in the field, receiving, assaying, paying
for, storing, and safeguarding the Nation's gold and silver stocks. The
Bureau, subject to' the approval of the Secretary, prescribes the rules
for the transaction of business at the mints, assay offices, and deposi-
tories, receiving daily reports of their operations; reviews the
accounts, authorizes the expenditures, and superintends the annual
settlements for these institutions, making special examination of them
when necessary.
MINT RECORDS AND PUBLICATIONS.-The Bureau of the Mint pub-
lishes a quarterly statement of the values of foreign moneys for cus-
tomhouse use and other public purposes, and reports annually to the
Secretary on mint operations for the fiscal year. The annual report
includes estimates of domestic and foreign production of gold and
silver, also monetary statistics pertaining to the United States and
to most of the countries of the world.
FIELD INSTITUTIONS-BUREAU OF THE MINT
Address Officer in Charge
United States Mint, Philadelphia 30, Pa-——---- Edwin Dresset, Superintendent

United States Mint, Denver 2, Colo----------..---- Moses Smith, Superintendent
United States Mint, San Francisco 2, Calif----- Neal H. Callaghan, Superintendent
United States Assay Office, New York 5, N. Y-------- Sigmund Solomon, Superintendent
United States Assay Office, Seattle 4. Wash-—-------- George Swarva, Assayer in Charge
United States Bullion Depository (Gold), Fort Knox, Russell Van Horne, Chief Clerk in Charge
Ky.
United States Bullion Depository (Silver), West Point, Sigmund Solomon, Superintendent. U. S. Assay
N. Y. Office, New York, N. Y.
Bureau of Narcotics
The act of June 14, 1930 (46 Stat. 585; 5 U. S. C. 282-82a), created
in the Treasury Department a bureau known as the Bureau of
Narcotics, the law providing that the Commissioner of Narcotics shall
be in charge thereof and perform such duties in respect to its activ-
ities as are prescribed by the Secretary or required by law.
ADMINISTRATION OF NARCOTIC LAWS.-The Bureau of Narcotics,
under the Commissioner, supervises the administration of those sec-
tions of the Internal Revenue Code relating to narcotic drugs and
126 UNITED STATES- GOVERNMENT MANUAL
marihuana, the Opium Poppy Control Act of 1942, and related stat-
utes, including the administration of the permissive features of the
Narcotic Drugs Import and Export Act. It cooperates with the
Bureau of Customs in enforcing prohibitive features of the latter act.
ENFORCEMENT, AND ISSUANCE OF NARCOTIC IMPORT AND EXPORT PER-
ITS,---It is charged
MITS.-It charged with investigation, detection, and prevention
with the investigai
of violations of the Federal narcotic and marihuana laws, and of the
Opium Poppy Control Act of 1942. It issues. permits to import the
crude narcotic drugs and to export drugs and preparations manu-
factured therefrom under the law and regulations, and determines the
quantities of drugs to be manufactured in the United States for medi-
cal purposes. The Bureau also has the authority to issue licenses for
production of poppies and for the manufacture of opium products
therefrom, under the Opium Poppy Control Act of 1942, whenever
such production and manufacture become necessary to supply medical
and scientific needs for opium products.
DETERMINATION OF NARCOTIC IMPORT QUOTAS.-In cooperation with
the Public Health Service, the Bureau of Narcotics determines the
quantities of crude opium and coca leaves to be imported into the
United States for medical and other legitimate uses.
COOPERATION WITH STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES.-It cooperates
with the Department of State in the discharge of the international
obligations of the United States concerning the traffic in narcotic
drugs and with the several States in the suppression of the abuse of
narcotic drugs and marihuana in their respective jurisdictions.
DISTRICT OFFICES-BUREAU OF NARCOTICS
District Supervisor Address
No. 1. Maine, New Hampshire, Ver- Pliny A. Williams------ 1120 Post Office Building, Boston 9,
mont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Mass.
Connecticut.
No. 2. New York State and the Fifth Garland H. Williams.--—- Suit 605, 90 Church Street, New York
internal Revenue Collection District 7, N. Y.
of New Jersey.
No. 3. Delaware, New Jersey (except Joseph M. Bransky--- 619 Stephen Girard Building, Philadel.
the Fifth Internal Revenue District), phia 7, Pa..
No. S. District of Columbia, Mary- Boyd M. Martin - 314 Post Office Building, Baltimore 2,
land, North Carolina, Virginia, Md.
No. 6. Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Thomas W. McGeever- 601 Ten Forsyth Street Building,
South Carolina. Atlanta 3, Ga.
No. 7. Kentucky, Tennessee, Lonisi- George W. Cunningham 418 Federal Building, Louisville 1, Ky.
ana, Mississippi.
No. 8. Michigan, Ohio--———— George H. White---— 802 Federal Building, Detroit 26, Mich.
No. 9. Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin --.-Joseph Bell-------- 817 U. S. Post Office Building, Chicago
7, Ill.
No. 10. Texas, Arizona, New Mexico—--- Terry A. Talent---—-- 205 U. S. Courthouse Building, El
Paso, Tex.
No. 11. Arkansas Kansas, Missouri, Theodore J. Walker—- 743 U. S. Courthouse Building, Kansas
Oklahoma. City 6, MO.
No. 12. Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, Anker M. Bangs- 314 U. S. Courthouse Building, Minne-
North Dakota, South Dakota. apolis 1, Minr.
No. 13. Colorado, Utah, Wyoming—.- James J. Biggins..-.- 100 Customhouse, Denver 2, Colo.
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 127-
DISTRICT OFFICES-BUREAU OF NARCOTICS-Continued
District Supervisor Address
No. 14. California, Nevada --- .- Robert W. Artis--- -- Room 2104, 100 McAllister Street, San
Francisco 2, Calif.
No. 15. Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Allyn B. Crisler-...... 311U.S. Courthouse Building, Seattle4,
Washin gton, Territory of Alaska. Wash.
No. 16. Territory of Hawaii ..-....... William K. Wells. Act- 575 Alexander Young Building,
ing. Honolulu 1, T. B.
Committee on Practice
The Committee on Practice (formerly the Committee on Enroll-
ment and Disbarment) receives and acts upon applications of attorneys
and agents for admission to practice before the Treasury Department,
receives and acts upon applications for re-enrollment from attorneys
and agents who have been disbarred, conducts hearings, makes in-
quiries, makes recommendations to the Secretary of the Treasury,
and performs other duties prescribed by Department Circular 230,
revised April 1, 1947.
The Committee on Practice receives and acts upon applications of
individuals, corporations, associations, and partnerships for custom-
house brokers' licenses, issues customhouse brokers' licenses, makes
recommendations to the Secretary of the Treasury, and performs other
duties as prescribed by Department Circular 559, revised May 1, 1947.
Division of Monetary Research

The Division of Monetary Research was established in the Office
of the Secretary, effective March 25, 1938, by Treasury Department
Order 18, dated March 25, 1938.-
The Division provides information, economic analyses, and recom-
mendations for the use of the Secretary of the Treasury and other
Treasury officials to assist in the formulation and execution of the
policies of the Department in connection with the Stabilization Fund,
other operations under the Gold Reserve Act, the Silver Purchase Act,
and the Bretton Woods Agreements Act.
Analyses are made pertaining to gold and silver, the flow of capital
funds into and out of the United States, the position of the dollar
in relation to foreign currencies, monetary, banking, and fiscal poli-
cies of foreign countries, exchange and trade restrictions abroad, and
similar problems. Analyses are also prepared relating to the customs
activities of the Department and to the duties of the Secretary of the
Treasury under the Tariff Act and on other matters pertaining to
international trade, including the trade agreement program.
The Division also is responsible for the economic and financial work
in connection with the negotiation of exchange stabilization and
financial agreements made by the United States with foreign govern-
ments and central banks. The Treasury's operations under exchange
stabilization agreements and other gold transactions with foreign

governments and central banks are performed by the Stabilization
Fund, which is administered by the Division.
Division of Personnel
The Division of Personnel was established July 1, 1940, following
its organization pursuant to section 6 of Executive Order 7916
of June 24, 1938.
The Division of Personnel, under the supervision of the Director
of Personnel, is charged with administering the personnel program
of the Department, including appointment, recruitment, placement,
training, transfer, promotion, separation, efficiency ratings, safety,
health, discipline, grievances, working conditions of employees, other
employer-employee relations, and classification of positions.
Division of Research and Statistics

The Division of Research and Statistics was established in the
Office of the Secretary, effective September 17, 1934, by Treasury
Department Order 8, dated September 17, 1934. It superseded the
Section of Financial and Economic Research in the Office of the
Secretary.
FISCAL RESEARcH.-The Division serves as a technical staff for the
Secretary and other policy-forming officials on matters relating to the
economic aspects of fiscal operations and policies, particularly as they
concern the management of the public debt. Estimates of tax and
customs revenues are prepared for use in the planning of Treasury
financing operations, in budget messages and summaries, and in con-
nection with proposed revenue legislation.
STATISTICS.-The Director of Research and Statistics has direct an-
thority over and responsibility for the production, analysis, and pub-
lication of statistics, and the conduct of economic research in all
branches of the Treasury Department except as these responsibilities
are specifically delegated to the Divisions of Monetary Research and
Tax Research.
GOVEREK•MENT ACTTUARY.-The Government Actuary, who is an As-
sistant Director of Research and Statistics, serves as Treasury consult-
ant on actuarial problems in connection with pension and trust funds
and other matters involved in the Department's operations, and on
problems of investment mathematics involved in financing. He ad-
vises on existing and proposed retirement legislation, and is a mem-
ber of the Federal Board of Actuaries and of the Actuarial Advisory
Committee of the Railroad Retirement Board.
Division of Tax Research

The Division of Tax Research was established in the Office of the
Secretary, effective June 1, 1938, by Treasury Department Order 18,
dated March 25, 1938.
The Division of Tax Research assembles the facts and prepares the
economic, statistical, and technical analyses needed (a) to aid the
Secretary, the Under Secretary, and other Treasury officials in the

formulation of Treasury tax policy, (b) to aid the Ways and Means
Committee of the House of Representatives, the Finance Committee
of the Senate, and the Joint Committee on Internal Revenue Taxation
in their consideration of tax proposals and legislation, and (c) to
provide information on various tax matters, as requested, to the Presi-
dent, members of Congress, various Government officials, and the
public.
To carry out its functions, the Division is required to make basic
surveys of the tax problems of the Federal Government, to devise
alternative methods of meeting revenue requirements, and to develop
methods of adjusting the tax system to changing economic conditions.
The tax system as a whole is analyzed with a view to obtaining revenue
yields large enough to meet prospective revenue requirements and to
making adjustments in a manner which will be fair to taxpayers and
will avoid undesirable economic effects. Individual taxes are studied
(1) to determine their effects on the particular groups of taxpayers
involved, (2) to avoid inequity among taxpayers within a given group,
(3) to ascertain and develop methods of meeting the administrative
and compliance problems of the tax, and (4) to devise ways of integrat-
ing the particular tax with the tax system as a whole. These studies
require economic analyses of the effects of each tax; technical analyses
of the more complicated problems inherent in. various tax measures;
and statistical analyses of the distribution of the burden of specific
taxes, of the total Federal tax load, and of the combined Federal,
State, and local burden.
The interrelationships of Federal, State, and local taxes are studied
with a view to possible improvements in intergovernmental fiscal rela-
tions. Specific State and local taxes are also examined not only to
determine the combined effect of such taxes and Federal taxes but
also to assure the Federal Government of the benefit of State and local
tax experience. Likewise, to gain the benefit of foreign experience
and to compare tax policies, studies are made of foreign tax systems
and selected taxes in foreign countries.
The Director and members of the Division assist in the presentation
of the Treasury's tax program to the congressional committees, and
are frequently called upon for technical assistance to those committees.
The Division is responsible for the economic aspect of tax relations
between the United States and foreign nations, participates in the
negotiation of treaties for the avoidance of international double tax-
ation, and handles the economic tax aspects of the participation of the
United States in the new international organizations. Members of the
Division also participate in conferences with taxpayers who desire to
call special problems to the attention of the Treasury Department.
The Division is also charged with general responsibility respecting
the assembly and publication of statistics pertaining to Federal taxa-
tion. In this connection, it exercises general supervision over the
statistical work of the Income Tax Unit of the Bureau of Internal
Revenue. Correspondence relating to matters of taxation not involv-
ing legal questions is handled by the Division.
130 -UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL
Legal Division
By section 512 of the Revenue Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 758; 5 U. S. C.
248a; 26 U. S. C. 3930-31), there was created the office of General
Counsel for the Department of the Treasury, the law providing that
the General Counsel should be the chief law officer of the Department
and perform such duties in respect to its legal activities as are
prescribed by the Secretary or required by law.
By order dated June 20, 1934, the Secretary prescribed the duties
of the General Counsel and established the Legal Division, Depart-
ment of the Treasury. The Legal Division was placed under the
direct supervision and control of the General Counsel. Section 512
of the Revenue Act, 1934, also abolished the offices of General Coun-
sel and of Assistant General Counsel for the Bureau of Internal
Revenue and of the Solicitor and Assistant Solicitor of the Treasury,
and transferred the powers, duties, and functions formerly exercised
by those officers to the General Counsel for the Department of the
Treasury.
The General Counsel is responsible for and in charge of all legal
activities of the Treasury Department, including all legislation per-
taining to the affairs of the Department, and the drafting of bills,
Executive orders, and proclamations; renders formal legal opinions
for the information and guidance of administrative officers of the
Department; prepares or reviews material for publication, official
regulations, Treasury Decisions, and other rulings and orders con-
cerning laws administered by the Department, and cooperates with
the Department of Justice with respect to litigation in which the
Treasury Department has an interest. The General Counsel also
advises the Secretary with reference to action to be taken upon
petitions for the remission or mitigation of fines, penalties, and
forfeitures. In addition, certain duties are imposed upon the Gen-
eral Counsel by statute, relative to sureties on certain official bonds;
certification of copies of official records; offers in compromise of claims
in favor of the United States (except those arising under the postal
laws) which have not been referred to the Department of Justice for
prosecution in the courts; and lands and other property acquired, and
trusts created for the use of the United States in payment of debts to
the United States (with the exception of those arising under the
internal revenue laws).
Office of Chief Clerk

The Office of the Chief Clerk was created by the act of April 20, 1818
(3 Stat. 445). The Chief Clerk is appointed by the Secretary, to whom
he is responsible through the Administrative Assistant to the Secre-
tary. He serves as consultant and adviser to the Administrative As-
sistant on questions of administrative management having depart-
ment-wide application.
The Chief Clerk has custody of the Treasury Seal, and certifies
copies of official documents. He is responsible for the maintenance of
central records and the preparation of pay rolls for numerous units of
the Department, and, with the exception of a few instances, has custody
of the noncurrent files of the departmental service. He is accountable
for all ordnance issued pursuant to the act approved March 3, 1879
(20 Stat. 412; 50 U. S. C. 61) to the Treasury (including its field
services) by the Secretary of War for the protection of the public
money and property.
The Chief Clerk is responsible, in connection with the appropria-
tion, "Miscellaneous Expenses, Treasury Department," for the proper
allocation of expenditures chargeable to such appropriation and keep-
ing related records; for the allocation, within the Department, of
property declared by the respective bureaus, divisions, and offices to be
surplus to their needs; and for the disposal of property which is sur-
plus to the needs of the Department.
The Chief Clerk is charged with the enforcement of departmental
regulations. He is in charge of the central administrative services,
mail, special messengers, du-
)rekeeper, mail,
such as telephone, telegraph, storekeeper,
plicating, and translating. The information and receptionist unit in
the Main Treasury Building and the issuance of passes and permits to
Treasury officials and employees are also under his supervision.
Fiscal Service
The Fiscal Service'of the Treasury Department was created by
the President's Reorganization Plan III, dated April 2, 1940, under
the provisions of the Reorganization Act of 1939 (53 Stat. 561-566;
5 U. S. C. 133-133r). This plan was made effective June 30, 1940, by
joint resolution approved June 4, 1940 (54 Stat. 231; 5 U. S. C. 133u).
The Fiscal Service consists of the Office of the Fiscal Assistant Secre-
tary, the Bureau of Accounts, formerly the Office of the Commissioner
of Accounts and Deposits (including the Division of Bookkeeping and
Warrants, the Division of Disbursement, the Division of Deposits, and
the Section of Surety Bonds), the Bureau of the Public Debt, formerly
the Office of the Commissioner of the Public Debt (including the Divi-
sion of Loans and Currency, the Office of the Register of the Treasury,
the Division of Public Debt Accounts and Audit, the Division of Paper
Custody, and the Division of Savings Bonds), and the Office of the
Treasurer of the United States.
OFFICE OF THE FISCAL ASSISTANT SECRETARY
The Fiscal Assistant Secretary, under the direction of the Secretary,

performs all functions pertaining to (1) the administration of financ-
ing operations; (2) the supervision of the administration of the func-
tions and activities of the units grouped under the Fiscal Service,
(3) supervision of the administration of accounting functions and
activities in the Treasury Department and all its bureaus and offices,
through the Commissioner of Accounts.
It is the duty of the Fiscal Assistant Secretary to maintain con-
tacts with departments, boards, corporations, and other branches of
the Government with respect to their financial operations and to co-
ordinate such operations with those of the Treasury. He represents
the Secretary in such contacts in a liaison capacity, keeping the
Secretary fully informed at all times.
132 UNITED- STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL
The Fiscal Assistant Secretary prepares periodical estimates of the

future cash position of the Treasury for use of the Department in
connection with its financing; prepares calls for the withdrawal of
funds from special depositaries to meet current expenditures; directs
the transfer of Government funds between the Federal Reserve Banks
when necessary; directs fiscal agency functions in general.
BUREAU OF ACCOUNTS
The Bureau of Accounts, under the Commissioner of Accounts, suc-

ceeding the Office of the Commissioner of Accounts and Deposits,
was created and established as a part of the Fiscal Service of the
Treasury Department by the President's Reorganization Plan III,
effective June 30,1940.
SUPERVISORY DurITs.-The Bureau of Accounts consists of the im-
mediate Office of the Commissioner of Accounts, the Office of Chief
Accountant, the Division of Bookkeeping and Warrants, the Division
of Disbursement, the Division of Deposits, the Division of Financial
Reports, the Division of Investments, and the Section of Surety Bonds.
The Commissioner of Accounts has supervisory duties in connection
with these offices, as well as in connection with the deposit in banking
institutions of withheld taxes under the Current Tax Payment Act
of 1943, the liquidation of the residual affairs of war agencies trans-
ferred to the Bureau by Executive order, and the remaining functions
of liquidation of matters growing out of the control of the American
transportation system, which was exercised through the United States
Railroad Administration during the period from December 28, 1917,
to February 29, 1920.
Under the provisions of Reorganization Plan III, effective June
30, 1940, supervision of the administration of the accounting functions
and activities in the Treasury Department and all its bureaus, divisions,
and offices, was consolidated in the Fiscal Service to be exercised by the
Fiscal Assistant Secretary under the direction of the Secretary of the
Treasury through the Commissioner of Accounts.
ExEcuTivE ORDER 8512.-Under Executive Order 8512, dated August
13, 1940, as amended by Executive Order 9084, dated March 3, 1942,
the Treasury Department is required to prepare financial reports
with respect to the financial condition and operations of the
Government for the information and use of the President and the
Bureau of the Budget; to establish and maintain a complete system
of central accounts for the entire Government; and to establish, sub-
ject to the approval of the Director, Bureau of the Budget, uniform
terminology, classifications, and standards in connection with such
financial reports for the use and guidance of all departments and
establishments.
LIQUIDATION ACTIVITIEs.-Pursuant to presidential authorization
the Treasury Department has charge of the liquidation of the residual
affairs of the following war agencies or units thereof: Central Admin-
istrative Services of the Office for Emergency Management by Execu-
tive Order 9471 dated August 25, 1944; Office of Civilian Defense by
Executive Order 95062 dated 'June 4, 1945; War Refugee Board by
Executive Order 9614 dated September 14, 1945; Office of War Infor-
mation (exclusive of those functions transferred to the Department
of State and the Bureau of the Budget) by Executive Order 9608
dated August 31, 1945; property accounting functions of the Office
of Civilian Defense by Presidential letter of March 26, 1946; and the
Committee on Fair Employment Practice by Presidential letter of
May 18, 1946.
The -windingup of the administrative affairs of the foregoing activi-
ties, which is conducted under the supervision of the Commissioner of
Accounts, involves generally the termination of contracts for rental
or services; the liquidation of obligations incurred including pay-
ment of vouchers and certification of claims; the collection of moneys
owed to the Government; the clearance of post-audit exceptions taken
by~the General Accounting Office; the disposition of equipment, sup-
plies, and other property; the separation of remaining war agency
personnel; the completion and disposition of employees' retirement
record cards; the disposition of special deposits, such as employees'
pay-roll deductions for bond purchases, income taxes withheld on
salaries, and miscellaneous credits; winding up the accounting work;
the answering of inquiries concerning prior transactions and the han-
dling of other related correspondence; the preparation of personnel
records for archives and disposal of other records; and the submis-
sion of final reports on liquidation.
LEND-LEASE FISCAL OPERATION's.-Executive Order 9726, dated May
18, 1946, transferred to the Treasury Department from the Depart-
ment of State all functions with respect to the maintenance of accounts
and other fiscal records relating to lend-lease and reverse lend-lease
matters under the act of March 11, 1941.
In carrying out the purposes and provisions of this order the Treas-
ury Department is required to: perform all necessary fiscal functions
and maintain all necessary fiscal records and prepare all required
reports pertaining to the act, except that, until such date as the Direc-
tor of the Bureau of the Budget shall determine, the Secretary of
State shall prepare for the President the reports required under'sec-
tion 5 (b) of the act; furnish the Department of State with such
information and reports concerning lend-lease operations as may be
requested by such Department, including information as to the status
of funds; make additional allocations to procurement agencies of the
Government of available funds, and shall bill, collect, and account for
funds from foreign governments and others, under the act, in accord-
ance with the request of the Secretary of State; and revoke excess
allocations in the hands of procurement agencies and return such
funds to the master account after consultation with the Department
of State.
These functions are being performed under the supervision of the
Commissioner of Accounts.
FORPEIGN OBLIGATIONs.-The collection of the principal of and inter-
est on foreign obligations, the keeping of the accounts relating thereto,
and generally the handling of all matters pertaining to such indebted-
ness are under the supervision of the Office of the Commissioner of
Accounts.
134 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANAL
RAILROAD AND OTHIER INDEBTEDNESS.-Collection of railroad obliga-

tions acquired by the Government under the Transportation Act of
1920 (41 Stat. 456; 45 U. S. C. 131-46; . S.C. title 49), keeping the
accounts relating thereto, and other-items of indebtedness turned over
to the Treasury by other departments for collection are within its
jurisdiction.
WAR CLAIMS AND OTHER AWARDS.-Its duties include the payment,
keeping of accounts, and handling generally of matters relating to
awards under the Settlement of War Claims Act of 1928, the claims
agreement of October 25, 1934, between the United States and Turkey,
and the acts of April 10, 1935, and December 18, 1942, covering claims
against the Republic of Mexico.
INVESTMENTS.-The Office of the Commissioner has supervision of
the investment accounts of the Government, directing the custody of
investments and securities held by the Treasurer and by Federal
Reserve Banks for which the Secretary of the Treasury is responsible.
TREASURY ACCOUNTS AND PROCEDURE.-Under Department Circular
514 and Reorganization Plan III of 1939-40, the Office of the Commis-
sioner reviews all proposed changes in the accounting procedures of the
Treasury Department, including all its bureaus and offices.
REPORTS AND STATEMENTS.-It has general supervision over the prep-
aration of the Daily Statement of the United States Treasury, and
special statements included therein on the first and middle days
of the month. The Office of the Commissioner compiles the annual
digest of appropriations for the information and guidance of all de-
partments and establishments, and an annual combined statement of
the receipts and expenditures of the Government pursuant to the act
of July 31, 1894 (28 Stat. 179, 197, 205-11; 31 U. S. C. 147).
REvENUE, APPROPRIATION, AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNTS OF ALL Gov-
ERNMENT DEPARTMENTS.-Under the act of July 31, 1894, the Division
of Bookkeeping and Warrants, under the administrative supervision
of the Office of the Commissioner, maintains the accounts relating to
revenues, appropriations, and expenditures of all departments and
establishments of the Government.
TREASURY WARRANTS.-The Division of Bookkeeping and Warrants
also issues all Treasury warrants, including those upon which Gov-
ernment disbursements are based and those for the covering of moneys
into the Treasury of the United States.
DISBURSEMENTS.-The Division of Disbursement, under adminis-
trative supervision of the Office of the Commissioner, was created by
Executive Order 6166, of June 10, 1933, and disburses all moneys
of the executive branch of the United States Government (with cer-
tain exceptions, including the Panama Canal, the military services
of the War and Navy Departments, the Postal Service, and United
States marshals). With the exceptions noted, the disbursing func-
tions formerly exercised by disbursing officers attached to the various
Government departments and agencies have been consolidated in the
Division of Disbursement.
The Division of Disbursement receives and processes all applications
for substitutes of lost, stolen, destroyed. or mutilated checks drawn
by officers and agents of the Federal Government, the District of
Columbia, or the District Unemployment Compensation Board, in-
cluding corporations owned or controlled by the United States, and
work in connection with requests for payment of checks that have
remained outstanding more than one full fiscal year following the
fiscal year of issue, the amounts of which have been transferred to an
outstanding liability account.
DESIGNATION OF G(JOVERNMENT DEPOSITARIES.-The Division of De-
posits, under the supervision of the Office of the Commissioner, ad-
ministers matters relating to the designation of Government depos-
itaries and the deposit of Government funds with them. The
depositaries include Federal Reserve Banks, general and limited
national bank depositaries, special depositaries under the Liberty
Loan Acts, foreign depositaries, Federal land banks, and the Phil-
ippine Treasury. The Division also has charge of the duties devolv-
ing upon the Secretary of the Treasury under the Government Losses
in Shipment Act of July 8, 1937 (50 Stat. 479; 5 U. S. C. 134-34h;
31 U. S. C. 528, 738a), as amended, and of matters relating to the
qualification of Federal savings and loan associations and Federal
credit unions as fiscal agents of the United States.
DEPOSITARIES FOR WITHHELD TAxEs.-Under the Current Tax Pay-
ment Act of 1943 (57 Stat. 126; 26 U. S. C. 1621), it is provided that
the Secretary of the Treasury may authorize incorporated banks or
trust companies which are depositaries or financial agents of the United
States to receive withheldtaxes. Designated depositaries for withheld
taxes are required to comply with the terms of Department Circular
714 before acting as such depositaries. The circular provides that de-
-tails governing qualification of depositaries, and the functions of
depositaries under such qualification, be handled by the various Federal
Reserve Banks as fiscal agents of the United States. The Treasury
Department through the Bureau of Accounts exercises general super-
vision of the program.
SURETY COMPANIES.-The Commissioner of Accounts has supervi-
sion over matters relating to applications of surety companies to
transact business with the Government. He supervises the auditing
of their quarterly financial statements, fixes their qualifying power,
notifies them of the settlement of fiscal officers' accounts under fidelity
bonds, and generally exercises such other supervision as may be neces-
sary to protect the interests of the Government under bonds executed
by surety companies. The Commissioner has custody of official bonds
running to the Government except those of the Post Office Depart-
ment employees and of certain Federal court officials.
DIRECTOR GENERAL OF RAILROADS.-Pursuant to section 2 (b) of the
President's Reorganization Plan II, which the President submitted
to Congress May 9, 1939, under authority of the Reorganization Act
of 1939, the Office of the Director General of Railroads was abolished
and the functions and duties transferred to the Secretary of the
Treasury to be exercised and performed by him personally or through
such officer or officers of the Department of the Treasury as he may
authorize. The Secretary of the Treasury was also designated as
agent against whom actions or other procedures may be brought
in accordance with section 206 of the Transportation Act of February
13 6 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT MANUAL
28, 1920 (41 Stat. 456; 49 U. S. C. 71-74, 76-78, 141). Under this
Reorganization Plan, the Fiscal Assistant Secretary, the Comis-
sioner of Accounts, the Associate Commissioner of Accounts, and the
Assistant Commissioner of Accounts are designated to perform on
behalf of the Secretary of the Treasury the duties and functions of
the Director General of Railroads.
BUREAU OF THE PUB1 C DEBT
qThe Bureau of the Public Debt, under the Commissioner of the

Public Debt, succeeding the Public Debt Service, was created and
established by the President's Reorganization Plan III, effective June
30, 1940, as a part of the Fiscal Service of the Treasury Department.
The Bureau of the Public Debt is charged generally with the conduct
or direction of transactions in the public debt issues of the United
States. It performs similar functions for the issues of the Insular
Governments and of the Government-owned corporations for which
the Treasury acts as agent. It is also charged with matters relating
to the paper currency of the United States, and with the negotiation
of contracts for and the procurement and custody of distinctive paper
for the currency and public debt issues.
The Bureau organization consists of the Office of the Commissioner,
the Division of Loans and Currency, the Office of the Register of the
Treasury, the Division of Paper Custod Public Debt
Accounts and Audit, and the Division of Savings Bonds.
Two principal offices are maintained, one in Washington, the other
in Chicago. All assigned functions are conducted by the Washington
office except those relating to savings bonds after their issue to the
public, which are conducted by the Chicago office. Recently five
regional offices of the Register of the Treasury, administered from
Washington and located in New York, Cincinnati, Chicago, St. Louis,
and Los Angeles, have been established to handle the audit of retired
savings bonds, thus decentralizing that operation from the Chicago
office. Associated with the. Bureau in public debt work are the Federal
Reserve Banks, fiscal agents of the United States, the Post Office
Department, and certain Treasury offices.
OFFICE OF THE CoMMISSIONER.-This Office prepares the necessary
documents incident to the offering of new issues of public debt securi-
ties; directs the handling of subscriptions for and allotments of the
securities to be issued; formulates regulations governing transactions
in public debt securities after issue; and exercises general supervision
over the sale of, and the conduct of transactions in, securities after
issue, either by the units of the Bureau, other branches of the Treasury
Department, the Federal Reserve Banks as fiscal agents of the United
States, or the Postal Service. Instructions and orders are given the
Bureau of Engraving and Printing for the preparation of securities.
Authorized destruction of canceled and retired paper currency and
public debt securities is under this Office.
DIvIsIoN OF LOANS AND CuRitBNcy.-This Division is the issuing
branch. It is charged with the receipt and custody of new securities,
and their issuance directly or to the Federal Reserve Banks; with
the conduct of transactions in the outstanding debt including ex-
changes, transfers, conversions, maintenance of registered accounts,
and the issuing of checks for interest thereon; with a settlement of
claims on account of lost or destroyed securities, and of those held
in the estates of deceased owners; and with the verification of canceled
redeemed United States paper currency, and mutilated work from the
Bureau of Engraving and Printing.
OFFICE OF THE REGISTER OF THE TREASTRY.-This Office is the retir-
i'ng branch. It is charged with the receipt of all paid, redeemed, or
exchanged public debt securities, including interest coupons, canceled
and retired on any account and from any sources whatever, and with
their audit, certification, and custody.
DIvISION OF PAPER CUSTODY.-This Division is charged with the re-
ceipt; count, custody, and issue of all distinctive paper used for the pro-
duction of securities and currency by the Bureau of Engraving and
Printing. In connection with the manufacture of distinctive paper,
a small field force is maintained at the mills of the contractors.
Divisio~N OF PIBMc DEBT ACCOUJNTS AND AUDIT.-This Division
maintains administrative control accounts over all transactions with
which the Bureau of the Public Debt is charged, and over related
transactions conducted by the Office of the Treasurer of the United
States, and by the Federal Reserve Banks acting in their capacities as
fiscal agents of the United States. Similar accounts are maintained
over transactions in distinctive and nondistinctive paper used in
printing public debt and other securities, currency, and stamps. It
also makes administrative examinations and audits of transactions so
conducted and the securities involved. It maintains control accounts
over reserve stocks of currency, and conducts administrative examina-
tions and physical audits of such stocks, cash balances in the several
divisions of the Treasurer's Office, and collateral securities held in
trust by the Treasurer.
DIVISION OF SAVINGS BONDS.-This Division is charged with the dis-
tribution of publicity literature for the United States Savings Bonds
Division, the maintenance of mailing lists, and the conduct of the
regular purchase plan program. It carries on a large correspondence
with the investing public in connection with the registration of savings
bonds and the regular purchase plan.
CHICAGO OFFICE.-All transactions in savings bonds after their
issue are conducted in the Chicago office of the Bureau. Branches
of the Office of the Commissioner, the Division of Loans and Cur-
rency, the Office of the Register of the Treasury, and the Division
of Public Debt Accounts and Audit, and the Division of Savings
Bonds in its entirety, comprise the Chicago office.
OFFICE OF THE TREASUBER OF THE UNITED STATES
The Office of the Treasurer of the United States was created under
the authority contained in the act of September 2, 1789 (I Stat. 65;
31 U. S. C. 141). Pursuant to the President's Reorganization Plan
III, effective June 30, 1940, the Office of the Treasurer of the United
States was established as part of the Fiscal Service of the Treasury
Department.
The Office of the Treasurer of the United States is essentially a

banking facility for the Government, and is required under law to
service practically the entire Federal establishment, being particu-
larly charged with the receipt, disbursement, and accounting for pub-
lic moneys; the custody, issue, and redemption of United States paper
currency and coin; the issue and payment of checks; the safekeeping
of securities deposited as collateral and otherwise; and the payment
of principal and interest on public debt obligations.
The Bureau organization consists of the Accounting Division, the
Cash Division, the Currency Redemption Division, the Division of
General Accounts, and the Division of Securities, together with the
Treasurer's Staff and the Administrative Division.
ACCOUNTING DIvIsIoN.-This Division performs five major func-
tions. (1) Maintains the checking accounts of disbursing officers and
Government corporations. (2) Examines and proves the daily tran-
scripts of the Treasurer's account received from the various Federal
Reserve Banks and branches and general depositaries. (3) Examines
and pays the checks drawn on the Treasurer which accompany the
transcripts (except those punchcard checks which are payable through
certain Federal Reserve Banks). (4) Returns checks carrying ques-
tionable signatures or improper endorsements, or are not acceptable
for other reasons. (5) Coordinates the work of Federal Reserve Banks
in their operations relating to the payment of checks drawn by the
Secretary of the Treasury for interest, by regional disbursing officers
of the Treasury, and by certain local disbursing officers of the War
and Navy Departments, which,.checks are drawn on the Treasurer
of the United States and are restricted to payment through certain
designated Federal Reserve Banks. In addition to these general
functions, this Division has many related functions such as the han-
dling of stop-payments and correspondence and claims relating to
lost, stolen, or fraudulently negotiated checks.
CASH DiVIsIoN.-This Division performs for Government account-
able officers and for local banks practically all of the major functions
of a general banking institution. Its duties comprise the receipt of
funds for deposit to the accounts of the various Government agencies,
the payment of Treasury checks as well as processing for collection
commercial checks, drafts, and money-orders, and the receipt and
accounting for coin presented for redemption and exchange locally.
In addition it handles over-the-comiter and mail-order sales of United
States savings bonds, savings stamps, and tax notes. All United
States paper currency, upon receipt from the Bureau of Engraving
and Printing, is immediately placed in the reserve vault maintained
by this Division, from which it is issued daily for shipment to the
various Federal Reserve Banks and branches, and to the local banks.
CURRENCY REDEMAIPTION DIVISION.-This Division performs for the
Treasurer the functions of exchange and redemption of United States,
Federal Reserve Bank, and national bank currency. It also examines
and determines the redemption value of all mutilated and burned
paper currency presented, and issues checks in payment therefor.
DIVISION OF GENERAL ACCOUNTS.-In order to comply with the pro-
visions of the various laws governing the operations of the Office of
the Treasurer and to prepare the statements of account required of his
office, it is necessary that the Treasurer maintain accounts governin
a wide range of subjects involved in Government accounting. This
Division is responsible for the maintenance of these accounts, the prin-
cipal of which are Depositary Accounts, Transit Accounts, General
Treasury Asset and Liability Accounts, Currency Accounts, Public
-DebtAccounts, and the Treasurer's Account Current.
In addition to the maintenance of these and numerous other ac-
counts, this Division prepares for the Treasurer authorizations and
directions covering the shipments of coin between the Treasury offices
and Federal Reserve Banks and branches to meet the demand for trade
requirements, to dispose of surplus stocks of current coin and the
accumulation of light-weight and uncurrent coins.
This' Division is responsible for the preparation of the Daily State-
ment of the United States Treasury, the monthly statement of the
classified receipts and expenditures of the Government, the monthly
statement of the public debt, and the monthly statement of paper
currency outstanding.
DIVISION or SEcGURITIES.-The principal duties of this Division
com-
prise the payment of principal and interest on public debt obligations
of the United States, Government corporations and agencies the
Philippine Islands, and Puerto Rico; the receipt, examination and
verification of all United States securities purchased for the cumu-
lative sinking fund and various other accounts; and to maintain cus-
tody of miscellaneous securities and trust funds, including those held
to secure postal savings, and public deposits in national banks, together
with safekeeping facilities, for individuals and others, of United States
savings bonds.
United States Savings Bonds Division

The United States Savings Bonds Division of the Office of the Secre-
tary promotes the sale and holding of United States Savings Bonds
of Series E, F, and G, and the sale of United States Savings Stamps.
Under Treasury Order 62, dated December 26, 1945, the Division is
successor to the War Finance Division, War Savings Staff, and Defense
Savings Staff created originally in Treasury Order 39, dated March
19. 1941.
United States Savings Bonds offices are located in the 48 States
and the District of Columbia. Through these field offices sales mate-
rials are disseminated, and personal contact is maintained with bank-
ing, business, labor, farm, school, and other community leaders whose
volunteer services are enlisted to further the sales of Savings Bonds at
banks, savings and loan associations, post offices, and other issuing
agencies, and at places of employment on the popular pay-roll savings
The small headquarters staff comprises the following principal divi-

sions: Industrial Payroll Savings; Federal Payroll Savings; Labor,
Banking and Investment; Press, Radio and Advertising; Special Field
Activities (agriculture; schools; women's organizations; civic, trade
738486°—47—10
and fraternal organizations; and inter-racial organizations). Coop-

eration is solicited from all advertising media, including newspapers,
radio stations, magazines, business and trade publications, outdoor
poster boards, and motion pictures.
United States Savings Bonds are continuously on sale at approxi-
mately sixty thousand issuing agencies and their branches in virtually
every locality in the United States. Descriptive information is avail-
able on request, without charge.
FIELD OFFICES-UNITED STATES SAVINGS BONDS DIVISION
Field Office State Director Address
l a-- Young J. Boozer---- ---- 2027 Comer Building, Birmingham 3.

Arizona - -
.--------- Oren R. Frasier ----- 215 New Post Office Building, Phoenix.
Aansas - - C. K. Wilkerson.----- -- 204 Old Post Office Building, Little Rock.
Northern California - Jack Botts -------- 745 Monadnock Building, San Francisco 5.
Southern California Fred H. Johnson -- ---- 621 S. Spring Street, Los Angeles 14.
Colorado - .- - Dewey M. Smith--- ----- 719 Equitable Building, Seventeenth and Stout
Streets, Denver 2.
Cnnecticut Frank L. Cashman -------- 36 Pearl Street, Hartford 3.
Delaware ---- - Clarence E. Keyes --- - 1064 Hotel duPont Building, Wilmington 93.
District of Columbia .- Hugh Lynch ....-...-- 630 Washington Building, Washington 5.
Florida ------------ - Ralph Bagwell---- - 404-08 Federal Building, Jacksonville 1.
Georgia---------- - Joseph G. Woodruff ----- 1202 C & S National Bank Building, Atlanta 3.
----......
.. Idaho - Harold W. Ellsworth -- - 634 Idaho First National Bank Building, Boise.
Illinois-------- -- Arnold J. Rauen--.-.-.- — 300 Bankers Building, 105 W. Adams Street,
Chicago 3.
Indiana -Orville K. Maxfield---- 832 Illinois Building, Indianapolis 4.
Iowa -- - Roger F. Warin --.---- 800 Walnut Building, Des Moines 8.
Kansas-- - - George F. Hillyer --- -- 208 Federal Building, Topeka 60.
Kentucky-- - A. A. Hines -S---- 808 Second National Bank Building, Ashland.
Louisiana ---- -- Joseph J. Knecht -0-- -- 615 Federal Building, P. 0. Box 83, Nae
Orleans.
Maine -- Harvey M. Fickett -- --- 233 Post Office Building, 125 Forest Avenue,
Portland 3.
Maryland - Richard H. Dixon, Jr.- — 601 Maryland Trust Building, Baltimore 2.
Massachusetts'- Orville S. Poland---- --- 79 Milk Street, Boston 9.
Michigan- Delmar V. Cote--..-- 1702 United Artists Building, Detroit 26.
Minnesota"-- - Darrell D. Bandy—- —— 510 Northwestern Bank Building, Minneapolis 2.
Mississippi- Newell N. McAlpin -1—- 526 Federal Building, Jackson 106.
Missouri --- -- Earl H. Shackelford -- — Post Office Building, Jefferson City, Mo.
Montana"- Arthur Nelson- -- - 28 Union Bank Building, Helena.
Nebraska -Leland- R. Hall -- —-- 636 World-Herald Building, Omaha 2.
Nevada ---- - Elmer R. Berg ---- — 150 N. Virginia Street, Reno.
New Hampshire - --- Loren A. Littlefield -- — 77 Market Street, Manchester.
New Jersey -Raymond A. Glennon --- 972 Broad Street, Newark 2.
New Mexico - Edwin G. Hobbs --- — 101 Federal Building, Albuquerque.
New York-- Philip M. Light ----- 253 Broadway, New York 7.
North Carolina-- ---- A. Allison James---- — 204 Sutton Building, Greensboro.
North Dakota- Harold G. Wheeler-——— Nierling Block, 108½ First Street E., Jamestown.
Ohio- Webster M. Wright -- —- 61 Union Commerce Lobby, Cleveland 14.
Oklahoma -Sidney - C. Bray—- ——— 426 Key Building, Oklahoma City 2.
Oregon - --- Kenneth G. Martin -- American Bank Building, Portland 5.
1006O—-
PenDsylvania - Charles J. Midel ------- - 21 South Twelfth Street, Philadelphia 7.
Rhode Island - Joseph Lombardo -- —-—-1608 Industrial Trust Building, Providence 3.
South Carolina -- William B. Stuckey - — Farm Credit Administration Building, 1401
Hampton Street, Columbia 29.
South Dakota -- -- Elmer Rustad ------- - 305 Federal Building Sioux Falls.
DEPARTMENT OF THE-.TREASTJRY 141
FIELD OFFICES--UNITED STATES SAVINGS BONDS DIVISION-Continued
Field Office State Director Address
Tennessee-------...... John Murray Lovell -...... 330 Third National Bank Building, 170 Fourth
Avenue, Nashville 3.
Texas - .................
H.Owens----
H. 1114 Commerce Street, Dallas 2.
Utah----.._- Earl T. Ross- ........- 462 Federal Building, Salt Lake City 1.
Vermont -............- William J. Whalon -....- Hotel Van Ness, Burlington.
Virginia -............- Chapman H. Edwards - Schmidt Building, Seventh and Franklin
Streets, Richmond 19.
Washington-......- William C. H. Lewis-..- 459 Federal Office Building, Seattle 4.
West Virginia------- Berard S. Payne -...-- 105 Federal Building, Charleston 1.
Wisconsin - Harold F. Dickens ....... 735 N. Water Street, Milwaukee 2.
Wyoming - .....- A. E. Wilde .......- 301 Federal Building, Cheyenne.
Foreign Funds Control

During World War Ii the Treasury Department, through Foreign
Funds Control, was primarily responsible for planning and executing
the Government's program of financial warfare against our enemies
under the Trading with the Enemy Act, as amended, and Executive
Orders 8389, as amended, and 9193. In carrying out this program
Foreign Funds Control vigorously pursued the vital objectives of
weakening the enemy's financial resources, preventing financial opera-
tions contrary to our war effort, and facilitating financial operations
supporting the war effort of the United Nations.
In the implementation of this program, Foreign Funds Control
(1) froze the eight and one-half billion dollars in assets held within
the United States by persons in enemy, enemy-occupied, liberated,
and European neutral countries and regulated the use of such assets;
(2) investigated and regulated international financial transactions;
(3) administered import controls so as to close United States markets
to enemy loot in the form of securities, currency, checks and drafts
and other assets; (4) through the Department of State, cooperated
with other American republics to secure their adoption of effective
controls over enemy property and transactions, and participated in
the administration of the Proclaimed List of Certain Blocked Na-
tionals; (5) under section 3 (a) of the Trading with the Enemy Act,
as amended, administered the wartime restrictions on trade with the
enemy; (6) supervised the taking of the Census of Foreign-owned
Property in the United States and the Census of American-owned
Property Abroad; and (7) participated with other Treasury organi-
zations in carrying out the Department's broad responsibilities in
connection with problems of areas liberated from enemy domination
and occupied territory.
In the post-hostilities period Foreign Funds Control has a threefold
program:
1. An orderly defrosting program, conducted in such a manner as
to (a) insure the uncovering of cloaked enemy interests; (b) prevent
the completion of transactions effected under duress or for the benefit
of the enemy; (c) prevent the completion of transactions for the

benefit of collaborationist elements; and (d) establish measures for
the protection of claims of the Federal Government and of private
American creditors in blocked assets.
2. The complete elimination of existing German and Japanese
economic and financial influence in this country and the prevention
of post-war use of United States banking facilities by enemy interests.
3. The development of the necessary procedures for licensing the
reopening of trade, remittances, and general financial and commercial
relations with former enemy countries consistent with the Govern-
ment's objectives in controlling their post-war developments.
The Federal Reserve Banks of New York, Chicago, and San Fran-
cisco and the governors of the Territories and possessions of the
United States act as field agents of Foreign Funds Control.
Office of Superintendent of Treasury Buildings

The Office of Superintendent of Treasury Buildings was estab-
lished by the Secretary of the Treasury on May 20, 1937 (Treasury
Department Order 16). The Superintendent is charged with re-
sponsibility for the maintenance and operation of various Treasury
buildings in the District of Columbia.
Bureau of Federal Supply

The Procurement Division was established in the Treasury Depart-
ment by Executive Order 6166, dated June 10, 1933, under the au-
thority of the act of March 3, 1933 (47 Stat. 1517). The name of the
Procurement Division was changed to Bureau of Federal Supply
effective January 1, 1947, by Treasury Department Order 73, dated
November 19, 1946, issued by the Secretary of the Treasury.
This Bureau is responsible for determining policies and methods
in regard to the procurement, warehousing, and distribution of prop-
erty, facilities, improvements, machinery, equipment, and supplies;
and for performing these activities and other related functions for
all existing Federal agencies and those hereafter created, except the
War and Navy Departments and the United States Marine Corps.
PURCHASE BRANCH.-The functions of this Branch are performed by
the Contract Division, Public Utilities Division, Strategic and Critical
Materials Division, Lend-Lease Division, and the Central Traffic
Service Division.
The Contract Division, through the Commodity Section which is
organized into specialized commodity groups, executes the continuing
program of purchasing supplies and services regularly required by
the Government and also handles certain special purchase programs.
For the regular program, the Commodity Section makes definite
quantity purchases in the open market and negotiates term contracts
for supply to Federal agencies against their purchase orders placed
directly with the Bureau of Federal Supply contractors. The latter
are listed in the catalog, The General Schedule of Supplies. Special
programs undertaken by the Bureau include the purchase of supplies
and equipment for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Ad-
ministration for relief purposes abroad. During the war the Bureau
also purchased certain requirements under the lend-lease program.
Purchases of similar items destined for foreign governments have
been made on a cash reimbursable basis upon requisitions approved by
the Office of the Foreign Liquidation Commission.
The Printing Section of the Contract Division is responsible for
placing the orders of the Treasury Department and certain other
agencies for printing and binding with the Government Printing
Office, and with commercial sources for service which the Government
Printing Office cannot render.
Through the Special Furnishings Section of the Contract Division,
executive-type office and household furnishings are designed for use
by Federal agencies. Although standardized types of these furnish-
ings are placed on the General Schedule of Supplies, special designs
are made on the request of Federal agencies and purchased through the
Commodity Section on the open market.
The Public Utilities Division of the Purchase Branch surveys exist-
ing and proposed facilities and contracts for electricity, telephone, and
other utilities, and makes recommendations necessary to obtain for
the Government the best rates and service. For this purpose, it also
assists at proceedings before rate regulation bodies and courts.
As directed and approved by the Army and Navy Munitions Board,
the Strategic and Critical Materials Division purchases and arranges
for the inspection, maintenance, storage, issue, and replenishment of
strategic and critical materials classified as such by the Board.
The Lend-Lease Division directs a field force which expedites the
production of and inspects goods bought under special purchase pro-
grams by the Commodity Section. It also arranges for the transpor-
tation of such material to export points or to temporary storage space,
administered by the Bureau of Federal Supply. These special serv-
ices are accorded to supplies purchased for UNRRA or on a cash re-
imbursable basis for foreign governments. During the war the bulk
of this work was performed in connection with purchases made for
lend-lease, now in liquidation.
The Central Traffic Service Division facilitates economical move-
ment of freight by all Government agencies by maintaining tariff files;
furnishing data on rates and routes, freight classifications, switch, ter-
minal, and track facilities; handling demurrage; and negotiating spe-
cial rates. When necessary, it drafts complaints for presentation to
the Interstate Commerce Commission and other regulatory bodies and
represents the Government before such bodies.
The Bureau of Federal Supply coordinates purchases by the Federal
Government of the blind-made products specified by the Committee on
Purchase of Blind-made Products, established by the act of June 25,
1938 (52 Stat. 1196). It also controls the reassignment for Federal
use or other disposition of property abandoned or seized, and forfeited
under the Federal Alcohol Administration Act, the Liquor Repeal
and Enforcement Act, and the National Firearms Act.
STOEES DISTRIBUTION BRANCH.-Through warehouse and supply
centers located at various cities throughout the United States, the
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EMERGENCY AGENCIES 75

Title VI was created by an amendment to the National Housing Act

ALABAMA—------------------- 2225 Third Avenue N., Birmingham 3.

INSURING OR SERVICE OFFICES-FEDERAL HOUSING ADMINISTRATION-Continued

MICHIGAN ------ ---------- Penobscot Building, Detroit 26.

Federal Public Housing Authority

Region Director Headquarters

REGIONAL AND AREA OFFICES-FEDERAL PUBLIC HOUSING AUTHORITY-Con.

Region Director Headquarters

National Intelligence Authority

CREATION.-The National Tntelligence Authority was established by

CREATION.-The position of Housing Expediter was first created

REGIONAL OFFICES-OFFICE OF THE HOUSING EXPEDITER

Region Expediter Address

— Exchange Building, 53 State

Office of Selective Service Records

CREATION- AN&D PTJRPOSE.-The Office of Selective Service Records

Price Decontrol Board

CREATION AND PURPOSE.—The Price Decontrol Board was estab-

branch of the Government. The Board members are appointed by

War Contracts Price Adjustment Board

CREATION AND AUTHORITY.-The War Contracts Price Adjustment

Permanent Joint Board on Defense-United States

Boom 6173, New Department of State Building

The Permanent Joint Board on Defense was set up by the United

Combined Chiefs of Staf-United States and

UNITED STATES MEMBERS

GREAT BRITAIN MEMBERS

ADM. SIR HENRY MOORE

CREATION.—Establishment of the Combined Chiefs of Staff was

United States Secretary, Combined Clhiefs of Staff

UNITED -STATES MEMBER

GREAT BRITAIN MEMBERS

Creation of the Combined Shipping Adjustment Board was an-

Combined Tin Committee

CREATION AND PunPosE.-The Combined Tin Committee was ini-

of the United States and the Primers of Great Britain and

Filipino Rehabilitation Commission

Vice Chairman----------------- BRIG. GEN. CARLOS P. ROMULO

JAIME HERNANDEZ SENATOR THOMAS CONFESOR

Secretary - VERNON E. MOORE (Room 113, House Office

CREATION AND PURPOsE.-The Filipino Rehabilitation Commission

Philippine War Damage Commission

CREATION AND AUTHORITY.-The Philippine War Damage Com-

Joint Brazil-United States Defense Commission

Chairman - ---------------- REAR ADM. MARSHALL R. GREER

2009 Temporary Building 2, 1901 D Street NW.

Chief - -------------- ADM. JORGE DODSWORTH MARTINS

The Commission, composed of military delegates-Army, Navy,

Joit Mexican-United States Defense Commission

Chairman and Senior Army Member

Mexican Embassy, 2829 Sixteenth Street NW.

LT. GEN. LEOBARDO RuIZ CAMARILLO, Chief

Inter-American Defense Board

Chairman,---------------------- LT. GEN. M. B. RIDGWAY

Argentina--------------____-- LT. GEN. CARLOS VON DER BECKE

Panama..---------------------- MAJ, ABEL QUINTERO

CREATION AND ATHOEITY.-The Inter-American Defense Board is

Resolution XXXIX of the meeting of Foreign Ministers at Rio de

International Emergency Food Council

Australia Finland Portugal

Chairman.------------------------- L. A. H. PETBES (Netherlands)

CREATION AND AUTHORITY.-The creation of the International

PURPosEs.-The purposes of the Council are to consider and for-