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Computed by Capt Farhat N Siddiqui
Description
About Exit
Hijrah Calendar
The Hijrah calendar presented below is based on the concept of
1430
‘Conjunction’. Conjunction occurs whenH the Moon is between the Sun
and the Earth and the centers of the Sun, Moon and Earth are in one
straight line. The Conjunction marks the end of the Hijrah month. The
next Hijrah month commences on the “next DAY” of the “Conjunction
DAY”. For example, if the Conjunction occurred on Thursday, the next
month begins on Friday. It is important to note that, for the
commencement of the new month the “time of Conjunction” is not the
criterion and should not be applied. This is important as the calculation
of the time of the day is totally and independently governed by the
rotation of the Earth and the consequent apparent position of the sun in
relation to a particular spot on Earth. To simplify, an observer on Earth
divides his day and sets his clock on the basis of the Sun in relation to his
Meridian. Conjunction dates and times (UT) are tabulated in Nautical
In the calendar
Almanacs below the
and websites for“Day of Conjunction”
the entire is used
year or years for the purpose of
in advance.
termination of the current Hijrah month. The Universal Time (UT) of
Conjunction is used to calculate the Ground Position (GP) of the moon at
the time of Conjunction.
Next
Ground Position (GP) of the Moon: The Ground Position (GP) can be
defined as the point on the surface of the Earth through which a line
joining the center of the Earth and the center of the Moon passes. For
every Conjunction, the Ground Position (GP) on the world map is marked
by a green arrow and the exact Ground Position (GP) by Latitude and
Longitude is mentioned in the text below the map in red.
If at the time of Conjunction, an observer is situated at the Ground
Position (GP) of the Moon he is in line with the center of the Earth and the
center of the Moon and the center of the Sun, or in other words the Sun
and the Moon are right over his head. In case the observer looks at the
Sun through a coloured shade he may be able to spot the Moon in the
fore front. This is because the Earth is out side the Umbra. At any
particular Conjunction when the Earth is within the Umbra i.e. at the time
of Solar Eclipse, the observer will be at the darkest spot of the Eclipse.
Next
months of the lunar (Hijrah) year, Conjunction can appear at any spot
and is thus, applicable world wide as there is only one Conjunction in a
lunar (Hijrah) month.
Moon Phases : The various phases of the Moon along with the Hijrah
month dates are just for the purpose of demonstrating the waxing and
the waning cycle of the moon in a Hijrah month. It shows a regular
pattern which is typical for a 29 day month and also typical for 30 day
month at a particular location on the Earth.
Please note, the shape of these phases will not be applicable world wide
as each place will have its own pattern. Brother Ali Manikfan has been
making observations for the last 40 years from South India and the
Maldives Islands and by looking at the Moon on a particular day is able
not only to advise on the date of that particular Hijrah month but also is
able tobe
It will indicate if thattoparticular
interesting note thatmonth will be a 29 and
this phenomenon day this
month or 30phase
regular day
month.
pattern is only possible for a Hijrah Calendar as this is the only lunar
calendar which has remained unchanged since its inception.
Last but not the least I must thank Br. Khalid Shaukat for his painstaking
efforts on the ‘moonsighting.com’ site. Besides providing unique
crescent visibility diagrams, the site also contains much more valuable
information.
I will be grateful to the readers and viewers for their comments and
corrections of errors/omissions if any.
May Allah be kind to us all.
Wassalam
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