TITLE :

DSGN
CHKD
APPD
DOC.No. V E - J 0 6 1 - D - E 2 0 1

RELEASED FOR PRELIMINARY TENDER INFORMATION APPROVAL CONSTRUCTION
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VENUS CONTROLS & SWITCHGEAR PVT. LTD
CLIENT :
CONTRACTOR:
IND BARATH THERMAL POWER LIMITED
APPRD CHKD
GK AMK
0
1
DSGND
27.10.10 REVISED AS PER CUSTOMER COMMENTS
FOR APPROVAL RSK AMK
RSK
21.08.10
DATE
GK
DESCRIPTION
DESIGNER: CONSULTANT:
PROJECT :
VOLTECH ENGINEERS PVT. LTD
1
REV.
GK 21.08.10
DATE
REV.
VE-J061
230kV SWITCHYARD - 2 x 150 MW COAL BASED THERMAL PROJECT,
THOOTHUKKUDI
REVISIONS
AQUATHERM ENGINEERING
CONSULTANTS (INDIA) PVT. LTD.,
CHENNAI
10
AMK 20.08.10
NAME SIGN
RSK 19.08.10
EARTHING DESIGN CALCULATION
FOR 230kV SWITCHYARD
JOB No.
TOTAL NO. OF PAGES


BY: T.KRISHNA KUMAR
AQUATHERM ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS (I) PVT LTD, CHENNAI
PROJECT:
VOLTECH ENGINEERS PVT. LTD
DATE
27.10.10
AMK
EARTHING DESIGN CALCULATION
1
230kV SWITCHYARD - 2 x 150 MW COAL BASED
THERMAL PROJECT, THOOTHUKKUDI
EARTHING DESIGN CALCULATION FOR 230kV SWITCHYARD TITLE:
DESIGNED CHECKED REV
RSK
DOCUMENT No.
VE-J061-D-E201
2 of 10
PROJECT:
VOLTECH ENGINEERS PVT. LTD
DATE
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AMK 1
230kV SWITCHYARD - 2 x 150 MW COAL BASED
THERMAL PROJECT, THOOTHUKKUDI
EARTHING DESIGN CALCULATION FOR 230kV SWITCHYARD TITLE:
DESIGNED CHECKED REV
RSK
DOCUMENT No.
VE-J061-D-E201
1.0 NOTES
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
2.0 LEGENDS
A =
I =
IG =
t =
=
s =
h =
Cs =
ts =
hs =
d =
Et =
Es =
L =
Em =
Es =
D =
n =
Km =
Ks =
Ki =
Kii =
Kh =
W =
T =
Bwf =
Operating time of the disconnecting device in secs.
Corrective weighing factor
Corrective weighing factor for grid depth
Geometric factor.
Mesh Voltage in Volts
Spacing factor for step voltage
Corrected factor for grid geometry
Tolerable Step Potential in Volts
Width of Earthing Material
Body Weight Factor
Total length of buried Conductors in meters
Spacing factor for mesh voltage
Spacing between grid conductors in meters
Step Voltage in Volts
Diameter of earthing conductor in mm or meters
Surface layer derating factor.
Thickness of the crushed rock surface layer in meters
Duration of Shock current in secs
Depth of Conductor buried in meters.
Top Gravel Resistivity in Ohm-mtr.
Cross-sectional are of the conductor in mm
2
For the conductor spacing calculations, the rectangular portion of the switchyard is considered however in those cases, where
the switchyard is not essentially rectangular in shape, the value of rectangle having the same area as that enclosed by irregular
switchyard should be taken.
Tolerable Touch Potential in Volts
This document outlines and describes the Technical Parameters for Earthing calculation as per IEEE Std 80-2000
Soil Resistivity in Ohm- mtr.
If Bentonite treatment is considered then 80% reduction in the Measured Resitivity value may be considered
RMS value of the maximum Grid current in Amps
RMS value of the AC Ground fault current, which can flow through the conductor in Amps
The term "Mesh Voltage" means the maximum touch voltage within a mesh of a ground grid.
Thickness of Earthing Material
3 of 10
PROJECT:
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230kV SWITCHYARD - 2 x 150 MW COAL BASED
THERMAL PROJECT, THOOTHUKKUDI
EARTHING DESIGN CALCULATION FOR 230kV SWITCHYARD TITLE:
DESIGNED CHECKED REV
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DOCUMENT No.
VE-J061-D-E201
3.0
a)
=
40000 A
b) 230 kV
c)
=
1 sec.
d) = 0.5 sec.
e)
= 132.00 mtrs.
= 109.00 mtrs.
= 134.00 mtrs.
= 111.00 mtrs.
= 134 x 111 m
f)
=
90.786 -m
g) = 3000 -m
h)
=
0.6 mtrs.
i)
=
0.15 mtrs.
j)
=
G.I. Flat
k) = 419
0
C
4.0
4.01 100mm C.I. is considered for the following equipments
4.02 3 mtrs.
Eqpt Qty
9
6
16
1
4
25
4
(As per IEEE-80, Pg. No.44)
(As per Tech. Spec. for Earthing & Lightning System, Pg.
No.5 of 13)
As per Drwg.No. VE-J061-D-E102
As per Drwg.No. VE-J061-D-E102
As per Soil Investigation report thro' Mail dt.19.07.10
(As per Tech. Spec. for Earthing & Lightning System, Pg.
No.4 of 13)
(As per Tech. Spec. for Earthing & Lightning System, Pg.
No.6 of 13)
(As per IEEE-80, Pg. No.51 & 52)
(As per Tech. Spec. for 230kV switchyard, Pg. No.8 of 34) Thickness of the crushed rock surface layer
NUMBER OF EARTH ELECTRODE
Total qty
9
Therefore Area of Earthmat grid considered for calc.
Considered 2 m extra length & 2 m extra breadth outside
fence of the switchyard
Switchyard Dimensions in Mtrs
Equipment
Earthing conductor Material
1
EMVT (treated earth pits)
1
1
8
Total
Station Transformer (treated earth pits)
1
Corners of the buried grid and distributed
earth rods on the periphery of grid
Top Gravel Resistivity (
s
)
Voltage Level of Sub-Station
(As per Tech. Spec. for Earthing & Lightning System, Pg.
No.4 of 13)
16
Maximum allowable temperature for welded joint
6
Lightning Arrester (treated earth pits)
1
Fault Duration for calc. of Step & Touch Potentials (ts)
Fault Duration for selection of conductor
DATA
(As per Tech. Spec. for Earthing & Lightning System, Pg.
No.4 of 13)
(As per Tech. Spec. for Earthing & Lightning System, Pg.
No.4 of 13)
Soil Resistivity ()
1
Fault Current given by Client
Length of Switchyard
Breadth of Switchyard
Control Room 1
CVT (treated earth pits)
Lighting Mast(treated earth pits)
76
(As per Tech. Spec. for Earthing & Lightning System, Pg.
No.4 of 13)
4
25
8
Length of Earth Electrodes
Per Eqpt qty
Depth of the Conductor buried (h)
Driven earth electrodes of Outer Dia.
4
4 4
Tower with peak


4 of 10
PROJECT:
VOLTECH ENGINEERS PVT. LTD
DATE
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AMK 1
230kV SWITCHYARD - 2 x 150 MW COAL BASED
THERMAL PROJECT, THOOTHUKKUDI
EARTHING DESIGN CALCULATION FOR 230kV SWITCHYARD TITLE:
DESIGNED CHECKED REV
RSK
DOCUMENT No.
VE-J061-D-E201
5.0
CONDUCTOR SELECTION
5.01
Equation 5.01
Where, (As per IEEE-80 Pg. No 41 & 42, Eq. 37)
I = = 40 kA
Ta =
=
50
0
C
Tr = = 20
0
C

0
= = 0.00341
1/
0
C
K
0
= = 293
TCAP = = 3.93
J /(cm
3
.
0
C)
= 598.79
mm
2
= 599
mm
2
= 30% Revised as per requirement
0% As per CBIP Pub.No.223, Pg. No.6
15%
30%
5.02 = 599 x 1.30
= 778.42 mm
2
5.03
75 mm
12 mm
-cm
=
Selection of Earthing Conductor
Width of the condcutor selected
>25 & < 100 -m
Hence area of the conductor required, with allowance
for corrosion of 30%
> 100 -m 1
2
3 < 25 -m or treated soil
Accordingly, the minumum cross section required is
% Corrosion
Area of Conductor A
Sl.No. Soil Resitivity
is the ambient temperature
1 /
0
= I
A =
is the maximum anticipated fault current
is the thermal capacity per unit volume
Tm
is the thermal coefficient of resitivity at reference
temperature Tr
= r
is the thermal coefficient of resitivity at 0
0
C

r
=
=
=
is the resistivity of the ground conductor at
reference temperature Tr
Allowance for corrosion
Substituting the values in equation 5.01, we get
Thickness of the conductor selected
The required conductor area = 778 sq.mm and the selected conductor area = 900 sq.mm. Therefore adequate.
1/
0
C

0
C
0.0032
419
20.1
is the maximum allowable temperature of
conductor (brazed or welded joints)
=
is the reference temp. for material constants
(As per Tech. Spec. for 230kV switchyard, Pg. No.8 of 34)
2
1
r r
4
Ta Ko
Tm Ko
n
x x t
10 x TCAP
A

\
|
+
+
|
|

\
|

l
2
1
r r
4
Ta Ko
Tm Ko
n
x x t
10 x TCAP
I

\
|
+
+
|
|

\
|

l
5 of 10
PROJECT:
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DATE
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AMK 1
230kV SWITCHYARD - 2 x 150 MW COAL BASED
THERMAL PROJECT, THOOTHUKKUDI
EARTHING DESIGN CALCULATION FOR 230kV SWITCHYARD TITLE:
DESIGNED CHECKED REV
RSK
DOCUMENT No.
VE-J061-D-E201
5.04
d = = 0.03384456 m
5.05
A = = 778.42
= 31.49 mm
40
mm
5.06 = NA mm
6.0 CALCULATION OF TOLERABLE TOUCH (e
t
) & STEP (e
s
) POTENTIAL
6.01 (As per IEEE 80, Eq. 27, Pg. No. 23)
. Equation 6.01
= 0.776214
= 50 Kg (As per IEEE-80, Pg. No. 27)
= 0.116
= 0.157
6.02 (As per IEEE 80, Eq. 32, Pg. No. 27)
. Equation 6.02
6.03 (As per IEEE 80, Eq. 29, Pg. No.27)
. Equation 6.03
Tolerable Step Potential Es
Surface layer derating factor (C
s
).
=
If M.S. Rod is to be selected then,
Et
Substituting values in equation 6.02 , we get
(1000 + 6 x 0.776 x 3000)0.116
Equivalent conductor diameter
2456.115
Cs =
Tolerable Touch Potential E
t
Es
V
Body weight Factor for 70 Kg
(1000 + 1.5 x 0.776 x 3000)0.116
V 737.065
Body weight Factor for 50 Kg
=
M.S. Rod Diameter (d)
Therefore Selected size of Main Earthing Conductor is
d
Not Applicable, as Earthing Conductor is Flat Conductor.
=
Substituting values in equation 6.01 , we get Cs
=
Weight of the Person
( 0.5)
Substituting values in equation 6.03 , we get
= Et
Es
Required diameter of circular conductor (M.S. Rod) can be
calculated as follows.
=
( 0.5)
4 d
2

|
|
|
|
|

\
|
+
|
|

\
|

09 . 0 hs x 2
s
1 x 09 . 0
1
( )
ts
Bwf
s x Cs x 5 . 1 1000 +
( )
ts
Bwf
s x Cs x 6 1000 +
( ) 4 x W
6 of 10
PROJECT:
VOLTECH ENGINEERS PVT. LTD
DATE
27.10.10
AMK 1
230kV SWITCHYARD - 2 x 150 MW COAL BASED
THERMAL PROJECT, THOOTHUKKUDI
EARTHING DESIGN CALCULATION FOR 230kV SWITCHYARD TITLE:
DESIGNED CHECKED REV
RSK
DOCUMENT No.
VE-J061-D-E201
7.0 CALCULATION OF LENGTH OF GROUND CONDUCTOR
x
7.01 = 5
m m As per IEEE-80 Pg No.88
7.02 = 28 Nos
7.03 = 15 Nos
7.04 = 28 x 111+15 x 134
= 5118 mtrs
7.05 = 3 m
= 76 Nos
= 76 x 3
= 228 mtrs
7.06 = 2 (134 + 111)
= 490 mtrs
8.0 CALCULATION OF MESH / TOUCH VOLTAGE
8.01 (IEEE 80, Formula no. 81, Pg.No. 93)
. Equation 8.1
Where
Kii = 1
(IEEE 80, Formula no. 84, Pg.No. 93)
8.02 n = n
a
X n
b
X n
c
X n
d
. Equation 8.2
0.5
n
c
= 1 for rectangular grids
n
d
= 1 for rectangular grids
8.03 Substituting values in equation 8.2, we get n = 20.89 x 1.00 x 1 x 1
20.94
8.04 Substituting values in equation 8.1, we get Km = 0.385
8.05
K
i =
=
0.644+0.148 x 20.94 (IEEE 80, Formula no. 89, Pg.No. 94)
= 3.74
n
a
No. of Conductors parallel to 134 meters
No. of Conductors parallel to 111 meters
Total length of ground rods L
R
Length of buried Conductors in horizontal grid L
c
The peripheral length of grid Lp
Correction factor for grid geometry (Ki)
Km
Spacing factor for Mesh voltage Km
=
Kh
Length of each ground rod Lr
Conductor spacing assumed (D)
=
490
Number of ground rods
=
1.26491106
2 x 5118
=
=
=
Where ho is 1(Grid reference depth)
n
b
4 x (134x111 )
= = 20.89
490
1.00
8
y
=
( )
( )
(
(

+
|
|

\
|

+
+
1 2
8
4 8
2
16 2
1
2 2
n
n
Kh
Kii
d
h
Dd
h D
hd
D
n

l l
|

\
|
+
ho
h
1
Lp
Lc x 2
( ) A x 4
Lp
n 148 . 0 644 . 0 +
7 of 10
PROJECT:
VOLTECH ENGINEERS PVT. LTD
DATE
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AMK 1
230kV SWITCHYARD - 2 x 150 MW COAL BASED
THERMAL PROJECT, THOOTHUKKUDI
EARTHING DESIGN CALCULATION FOR 230kV SWITCHYARD TITLE:
DESIGNED CHECKED REV
RSK
DOCUMENT No.
VE-J061-D-E201
8.06 =
0.7 (IEEE 80, Fig. C4, Pg.No. 153)
Ig = = 40000 x 0.7
= 28000 A
8.07 Effective buried conductor length ( L
M
) for Mesh voltage
L
M
= = 5118 + 228
= 5346 m
8.08 Mesh Voltage (E
m
)
(IEEE 80, Formula no. 80, Pg.No. 91)
. Equation 8.8
Substituting values in equation 8.8,we get E
m
=
E
m
= 685.35 V
9.0 CALCULATION OF STEP VOLTAGE
9.01 (IEEE 80, Formula no. 94, Pg.No. 94)
. Equation 9.1
Substituting values in equation 9.1,we get Ks = 0.386
9.02 Effective buried conductor length(Ls) for step voltage (IEEE 80, Formula no. 93, Pg.No. 94)
L
S
= . Equation 9.2
Ls =
= 4032
9.03 Step Voltage (Es) (IEEE 80, Formula no. 92, Pg.No. 94)
. Equation 9.3
Substituting values in equation 9.2,we get Es =
E
m
= 910.14 V
9.04
8.09
91 x 28000 x 0.385 x 3.74
V
Split factor
The calculated mesh/touch voltage = 685.35 volts is less than the tolerable touch voltage of 737.07 Volts.Hence Safe.
E
m
E
s
Spacing factor for Step Voltage (Ks).
=
=
Ks
The calculated step voltage = 910.14 volts is less than the tolerable Step voltage of 2456.11 Volts.Hence Safe.
=
V
91 x 28000 x 0.39 x 3.74
4032
5346
0.75 x 5118+0.85 x 228 Substituting values in equation 9.2,we get
M
i m G
L

R C
L L +
( )
(

+
+
+

2
5 . 0 1
1 1
2
1 1
n
D h D h
R C
L L + 85 . 0 75 . 0
S
i S G
L
K K I
f f
I S
8 of 10
PROJECT:
VOLTECH ENGINEERS PVT. LTD
DATE
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AMK 1
230kV SWITCHYARD - 2 x 150 MW COAL BASED
THERMAL PROJECT, THOOTHUKKUDI
EARTHING DESIGN CALCULATION FOR 230kV SWITCHYARD TITLE:
DESIGNED CHECKED REV
RSK
DOCUMENT No.
VE-J061-D-E201
10.0 CALCULATION OF GRID RESISTANCE
10.1 The Grid resistance RG is given by: (IEEE 80, Formula no. 52, Pg. No. 65)
. Equation 10.1
L = Length of buried conductors = 5118 + 228
= 5346 mtrs
h = = 0.6 mtrs
A = = 134 x 111
m
2
= 14874
r = = 90.79 -m
Substituting values in equation 10.1,we get R
G
= 0.346
10.2
11.0 CONCLUSIONS
Soil Resistivity
Area of Grid
= R
G
Depth of Conductor buried in meters
Where
The calculated buried grid resistance is =0.346 Ohms., which is less than 1.0 Ohms as specified in IEEE 80. Hence the
spacing of buried conductors at 5.0 and 8.0 meters is Safe.
According to IEEE 80-2000 clause no. 14.1 (Usual requirements of ground resistance). For most large substations, the
ground resistance is usually less than 1 or less.
(
(

|
|

\
|
+
+ +
A h A L
T
20 1
1
1
20
1 1

9 of 10
PROJECT:
VOLTECH ENGINEERS PVT. LTD
DATE
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AMK 1
230kV SWITCHYARD - 2 x 150 MW COAL BASED
THERMAL PROJECT, THOOTHUKKUDI
EARTHING DESIGN CALCULATION FOR 230kV SWITCHYARD TITLE:
DESIGNED CHECKED REV
RSK
DOCUMENT No.
VE-J061-D-E201
12.0 SUMMARY
Combined Resistance of Grid Electrode with earth electrode as per IEEE 80
Buried conductor size
Calculated maximum step potential
Tolerable touch potential
Calculated maximum touch potential
Total Length of buried conductors considered in calculations
Grid conductors parallel to Length of Substation
Earth Electrodes (untreated)
Grid conductors parallel to Breadth of Substation
Spacing of conductors parallel to Length of Substation
Breadth of the Earthmat grid considered for calculations
Tolerable step potential
RMS value of the AC Ground fault current, which can flow through the
conductor
Voltage level of the substation
Earth Electrodes (Treated)
90.79
Spacing of conductors parallel to Breadth of substation
Soil Resistivity
230
28000
134
Breadth of the switchyard 109
Type of Earthing conductor
Earth Electrodes (considered in calculations)
Length of the Earthmat grid considered for calculations
mtrs.
mtrs.
737.065
Volts 910.142
Volts 685.350
0.346 Ohms
28
5118
76
57
19
nos.
Volts
2456.115 Volts
mtrs.
G.I. Flat
-m
kV
Amps
mtrs.
111
Length of the switchyard 132
mtrs.
mtrs.
mtrs.
nos.
nos.
nos.
nos. 15
75 x 12 mm
8.0
5.0
10 of 10