PHOTOVOLTAICS TEST Chapter 1: An Overview of Photovoltaics 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

NAME ___________________________________ Date _____________________________________

A cost-effective use of PVs requires a high-efficiency approach to energy ____________________. This often dictates replacing inefficient appliances. A/An ____________________ is one or more panels wired together for a specific voltage and fastened to a mounting structure. Direct current systems that power AC loads must use a/an ____________________ to convert DC electricity into AC. Today, the majority of PV modules use ____________________ as their major component. The simplest and least expensive photovoltaic systems are designed for ____________________ use only. Photovoltaic modules produce _________________________ electrical power. PV systems do not require the use of ____________________ fuels and are safe when properly designed and installed. A ____________________ ____________________ is equipment that regulates battery voltage. The customer or ____________________ power producer pays or collects the net value on the meter. In 1880, _______________ _______________ developed the first selenium-based solar electric cell. Adding a _______________ _______________ makes sense in locations where the wind blows when the sun doesnt shine. An energy _______________-_______________ point is usually achieved after approximately one to three years. A/An _______________ _______________ has the capacity to supply high-surge currents for a brief period, giving the system the ability to start large motors or to perform other difficult tasks. ____________________ photovoltaic battery-charging systems incorporate all their components, including the application, in a single package. Economists have predicted that ____________________ will be the most rapidly growing form of commercial energy after 2030, with sales exceeding $100 billion. Some utility companies offer _______________ _______________ to their customers, where a single meter spins in either direction depending upon whether the utility is providing power to the customer or the customer is producing excess power. _______________-_______________ batteries are designed to withstand being deeply discharged and then fully recharged when the sun shines. Small-scale decentralized power stations reduce the possibility of _______________ on the electric grid. Page 2

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A/An ____________________ is a configuration of PV cells laminated between a clear superstrate (glazing) and an encapsulating substrate. Photovoltaic systems are solar energy systems that produce electricity directly from ________________. ____________________ can greatly affect the power output of any solar-based energy system. Most solar modules have an expected useful life of at least ____________________ years. To operate loads at night or during cloudy weather, PV systems must include a means of ____________________ electrical energy. The utilities must pay the small power producers based on their _______________ costs, or costs the utility does not have to pay to generate that power themselves. Some PV systems use ____________________ for storing energy, increasing the size, cost, and complexity of a system.

PHOTOVOLTAICS TEST

Chapter 1: An Overview of Photovoltaics ANSWERS and PAGE NUMBERS FOR REFERENCE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. consumption array inverter silicon day DC (direct current) combustible charge controller independent Charles Fritts wind turbine break-even battery bank Integrated photovoltaics net metering Deep-cycle outages module sunlight Weather 25 storing avoided batteries Page Number 3 4 5 2 4 5 3 4 8 2 7 3 5 4 2 8 5 3 4 2 3 4 5 7 3