SASARAN GOAL DAN EFEKTIFITAS ORGANISASI

Target / goal is a state or condition to be achieved by an organization can-term goals of the organization, can be short-term goals or long term, could include the entire organization and can include the specific organization, as a measure of the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization.

Type of Organization Goals or Objectives Goal or the official target Official goal or targetis the condition which was officially declared by the organization want to accomplish. Official goal or target usually takes the form of writing. And meet the organization's deed or often also stated orally in speeches addressed to the leadership organization. primarily addressed to the parties outside the organization. Goals or targets is useful to gain official recognition for the organization as officially written or are in the state in official speeches. So that it can in the other party outside the organization. Official goal or purpose is not the purpose or goal that is in use as a reference in determining the direction of action. Nor is it a benchmark for measuring the performance of the organization.

Goals or targets that actually followed (operative goal) Target or goal is actually followed, is the actual goal or target. That the practice followed by the organization. The actual goal or target usually describe shortterm goals or objectives, and often different from the direction of the show by the official goal or target. if the target can be interpreted as a situation that you want to accomplish in a shorter period than the destination, the purpose or goal of this current can be briefly stated as the actual target only. In organizations there are several types of actual targets, each of which gives the direction of implementation of activities and decision-making, namely:

Target environment (environmental goal) Target environment is a condition in which an organization may decide persons or other organizations are present in the environment. Environmental targets can also be expressed as a condition in which the organization has received recognition from the environment

Target output (output goal) Output targets that reflect the type of business done by the organization. Target output and the number of output shows the form that will be generated organization. Output targets have a relationship with the identification of types of consumer needs in trying to be fulfilled by the organization.

Target system (system goal) Target systems associated with the maintenance or care (maintenance) organization itself, which describe the size, shape and climate in the organization to accomplish desired. Organizations should always maintained or improved, so as not to stagnate. Target systems associated with these repairs and maintenance functions.

The target product (product goal) Describe the characteristics of the target products products or services will be provided to consumers. These targets set the amount, quality, type, style and other characteristics. Which describes the characteristics of the products or services offered. Many organizations are at the operational level on the mark with characteristics typical of the products or services it produces.

The target (goal submit) Target describes the target of a section or a unit of work, which is part of the organization. Objectives of this section is a tool to achieve the output target or target system of an organization.

Management of a variety of conflicting objectives

Organizations often have more than one target with each other can have the opposite qualities to manage a variety of these conflicting goals. There are several ways in the following way:

1. Receive an adequate performance (satisfying). In this way the organization receives an adequate performance. does not seek the best performance from all the targets can be managed simultaneously. This method is often used by students with weaker economic conditions, are forced to work to get the cost for the completion of his education. 2. Attention gradually (secuential attention). Organizations seek to achieve the goal that is considered the most important first. After that and then focus on other goals in quick succession. This method opens the possibility to achieve maximum results on any targets that must be fulfilled. 3. Target preference (pereference ordering). In this way, the supreme leader of the organization has set a priority target, so that every member of the organization's goals as knowing what to prioritize. 4. Changes in the target (goal changes) In this way, the priority of the organization's objectives in the change periodically, the target is continuously evaluated, adjusting for environmental conditions, and determine their importance to the organization. With this change in the hope the organization will be able to adapt better to the demands of its environment so that companies will become more successful. The adjustment is done by changing the priority targets.

Organizational Effectiveness and Efficiency

Organizational effectiveness: the success of the organization in an effort to achieve the goals or objectives.

The efficiency of the organization: is a concept that is both more limited and related to internal processes that occur within an organization. therefore the efficiency can be measured as the ratio of input to output.

Approaches the target (goal approach) Targeted approach in measuring the effectiveness of the organization began with the identification of targets and measure their success in achieving these aims. Thus this approach tries to measure the extent to which organizations successfully realize the goals which you want to achieve it. Important target in the note in the measurement of the effectiveness of this approach is that the actual target (operative goal)

problem: - The various types of organizational output (multiple outcomes) Many kinds of organizational output, each part has its own type of output. Leaders have different views about the importance of each type of target. - There is subjectivity in the assessment: each person (leader) has its own view of (subjective) of the priority targets. - The influence of contextual

approach Resources - Measure the effectiveness of the organization through a variety of sources that need it, especially the rare (expensive).

- On the basis of the openness of the organization to its environment.

Method: Put simply, organizational effectiveness is measured by the quantity of successful source was obtained from the environment.

criteria: - The ability to appropriately integrate environmental - Ability to adapt to the environment - The ability to result in output by using the resources in the results obtained - The ability to maintain operations

A process approach (Internal process approach) - Looking at the level of efficiency and effectiveness as a condition (health) internal organization. - Effective internal processes smoothly. - No attention to the environment, focus attention on the internal organization. - Human relations approach, studying the effectiveness of the relationship with the working atmosphere.

criteria: - Attention superiors to subordinates - The spirit of cooperation, the loyalty of the working group - Decentralization of decision making - The communication between superiors and subordinates trust - Vertical and horizontal communication within the organization smoothly - The existence of all members of the organization's desire to achieve goals - The reward to stimulate the emergence of an effective working group - The cooperation between the well and the resolution of conflicts by reference to the organization

Combined approach: - Each approach has drawbacks, hence the rationale for using a combined approach. - Weaknesses in approach could be closed by an excess of other approaches

Integrative approach: - The previous approach, each seeing only one aspect appears integrative approach.

Rationale: - Organization: a variety of activities, have different types of output, to measure the effectiveness of the many criteria (integrative). approach: - Constituency Approach - Approach the field goal (Goal Domain). - Framework dependency (Contingency).

Constituency Approach: Constituency: groups inside (outside) the organization who have an interest in perfomansi organization. The effectiveness of the organization in the measure of satisfaction to the organization's Constituency Popular, Being able to provide an overview of the organization as a whole perfomansi profile.

Approaches the target area: - Organisation: many kinds of output a lot of areas subject to many measures of effectiveness - Internal Efficiency: The ability to use resources in an organization that is owned. - External Efficiency: describing the organization's ability to get all kinds of sources are needed. - Internal Effectiveness: show the work of personnel in the organization

- External Effectiveness: describing the organization's ability to formulate constituency.

Dependency framework: - Determination affected target value (preference) leadership. - Characteristics of the organization influence the selection of target areas - If the output is clear and easy organization in measuring the effectiveness of the easily measured - If the transformation can clearly define the actions to achieve certain perfomansi