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Lightning Protection Technology & Humanity

Contents
About SUNKWANG CERTIFICATION LIGHTNING - ESE Lightning conductor - CTS Lightning conductor - Lightning counter - Lightning warning system GROUNDING - GSI System - Ground enhancement material SURGE - Power type - Telecommunication system type

About SUNKWANG
" Small but Strong company SUNKWANG
SUNKWANG is a manufacturer of a variety of lightning protection products for the construction industry. Our concern is the protection against the impacts of direct lightning strokes and surges and protection against the possible hazards of electrical energy. We develop, produce and sell components and devices for Lightning Protection / Grounding / Surge Protection. SU SUNKWANG strive to provide the design professional, purchaser, and end G st e p o de t e des g p o ess o a , pu c ase , a d e d user with the highest quality product and customer service. Please contact us for further information or simply visit us online at www.widesk.com

BUSINESS S SS
Lightning protection Analyzing the construction environment Design / select the air terminal system Installation

Grounding System

Measuring / Analyzing grounding Grounding design and engineering Construction Installing grounding

Surge protection

Power type / Telecomm. Type Surge protection is essential where safety and availability must be guaranteed.

Lightning warning system

Perception of possibility of outbreak thunderbolt. Operation of Storm Tracer Alarm of outbreak thunderbolt by level.

CERTIFICATION

ISO 9001

Venture Company

Management Innovation Company

INNO-BIZ Company

CERTIFICATION

Business Registration Certificate

Factory Registration Certificate

Institute of Lightning protection system technology

Communication business Certificate

CERTIFICATION

Certificate of Trade business code

Certificate of Membership

PARTS and MATERIAL Company

Electric work Registration Certificate

CERTIFICATION

PATENT of United States

PATENT of KOREA

CE Certification

UL Certification

CERTIFICATION

Quality Certification

MIC Certification

Test Report (KERI)

LIGHTNING
STORM CONDITIONS
Certain atmospheric conditions, such as high temperature or humidity, lead to storm clouds being formed. These huge, anvil-shaped cloud masses are usually of the cumulonimbus variety, the lower part being made up of water d t droplets while at hi h l t hil t higher altitude are f ltit d found i d ice crystals. Strong up currents within this type of cloud cause the electric charge on the water droplets to be separated resulting in high levels of positive charge at the top and high levels of negative charge at the bottom of the cloud.

Occasionally, a pocket of positively charged electrons is trapped low in the cloud within an area of negative charge. A storm cloud forms overhead creating a vast dipole with the ground and, under the influence of the negatively charged cloud base, the ever present electric field in the atmosphere at ground level suddenly inverts and builds up rapidly reaching between 10 and 15 kilovolts per metre. An electrical discharge to the ground is then imminent.

DIFFERENT OF TYPES OF LIGHTNING

Cloud-to-earth flash (Negative d (N i downward d flash) Discharge mechanism of a negative downward flash

Cloud-to-earth flash (Positive downward (P i i d d flash) Discharge mechanism of a positive downward flash

Earth-to-cloud flash (Negative upward (N i d flash) Discharge mechanism of a negative upward flash

Earth-to-cloud flash (Positive (P i i upward fl h) d flash) Discharge mechanism of a positive upward flash

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LIGHTNING
LIGHTNING FLASHES
Under certain atmospheric conditions the loads within a cloud get separated, where the negative loads move to the bottom of the cloud and the positive loads to the top of it. The electrical potential within the cloud can reach the range of millions of volts. On the surface of the earth this effect is produced in a similar way, however with opposite polarity. The electrical field between the bottom of the cloud and the surface of the earth under the cloud can become so strong that small electrical discharges from the cloud will be produced which are called downward leaders. When these discharges reach the surface of the earth, an upward stream of positive load is generated. When the upward stream meets with the discharges, then the circuit becomes closed and a discharge current between 10 to 200kA can be produced. In the illustrations on the left it is shown how the small discharges from the cloud and the upward streams, which finally lead to the flash of lightning, are initiated. The decision to protect an installation against lightning by means of a Lightning Protection S P i System (LPS) d depends on parameters such as the probability of li h i d h h b bili f lightning i in the area, its intensity and the potential consequences for people, material and the functioning of the installation. In order to provide an appropriate protection, the installation has to be equipped with two types of protections: an external protection against a di f i l i i direct i impact of a li h i f lightning stroke (lightning rod, wire air-termination system or mesh air-termination system), and an internal protection against surge voltages produced by lightning strokes in the proximity or on conductors of the electrical network. The external and the i h l d h internal protection require a good earthing. l i i d hi system to evacuate the lightning currents, and equal potentiality within the earthing system, both of the protection system and of the electrical circuits to be protected.

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PROTECTION METHOD
ANGLE METHOD
According to this method the protection volume is given by a line which origin is at the air terminal and which angle depends on the height and the protection level according to the following chart and graphic:. *For higher structures regarding this chart, this method cannot be pp applied. Franklin rods should be placed on the higher and most vulnerable places (edges, overhangs, etc.

ROLLING SPHERE METHOD

The rolling sphere method is based on an electrogeometrical model when it is assumed that the downward leader that will strike the structure to be protected has the shape of a sphere with a radius D (space where the last step of the downward leader can stay). The points where this sphere can touch the structure should be provided with air terminals. According to the Standard IEC 62305-3, the rolling sphere radius depends on the protection level: - Protection Level I: D = 20m - Protection Level II: D = 30m - Protection Level III: D = 45m - Protection Level IV: D = 60m

MESH METHOD
According to this method, conductors forming a mesh should be placed on the structure. p p p The separation depends on the protection level: Protection Protection Protection Protection Level Level Level Level I: w = 5m II: w = 10m III: w = 15m IV: w = 20m

The mesh should protect firstly the cover perimeter, perimeter especially edges and overhangs overhangs. For buildings higher than 60m, a mesh with the same size has to cover also the upper 20% of the outer walls.

12

ESE LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR

THE ADVANTAGE OF INITIATION ADVANCE
The unique efficiency of the E.S.E lightning conductor is based on a specific initiation advance; well before the natural formation of an p g g upward leader, the ESE Lightning conductor generates a leader that rapidly propagates to capture the lightning and direct it to earth. Validated in the laboratory, this gain in time relative to the simple rod provides additional essential protection. protection

CALCULATION OF PROTECTED AREAS

The radius of protection Rp of a E.S.E Lightning conductor is given by the French standard NF C 17-102. It depends on the initiation advance T of the E.S.E lightning conductor measured in the high voltage Laboratory, on the levels of protection I, II, III calculated according to the lightning risk assessment guide (Appendix B of the French standard NF C 17-102) and the height h of the lightning conductor over the area to be protected (minimum height = 2m). Rp : radius of protection in a horizontal plane located at a vertical distance h from the lightning conductor tip. h : h i h of the li h i height f h lighting conductor tip above the surface(s) to b protected. d i b h f ( ) be d D : standardised striking distance. L = 10 . T (initiation advance) Rp = (for h 5m) T = initiation advance measured during efficiency tests according to appendix C of the French standard NF C 17 102 17-102

13

PRODUCT
GRIFFIN
Features
United State Patent and South Korea Patent. Complies with the NF C 17-102 Standard. Stainless steel design suitable for most environments. Activated only have lightning and thunder. Advantage self-contained working. Guaranteed wider range of protection. No exterior electrical or mechanical supply of energy. Maintenance free and less expensive installation costs. Certified by the KERI (Korea Electro technology Research Institute) Finial Tip SK340 3EA Dimensions 114mm(Dia) 240mm(H) 114mm(Dia) 240mm(H) 114mm(Dia) 240mm(H) Material Stainless steel Stainless steel Stainless steel Weight(kg) 3.8

SK450

4EA

3.8

SK660

5EA

3.8

Radius of protection
Level of protection Griffin H(m) H( ) 2 3 4 5 10 15 20 45 60 19 28 38 48 49 50 50 50 50 27 41 55 68 69 70 70 70 70 32 48 64 79 79 80 80 80 80 SK340 I(D=20m) SK450 SK660 SK340 II(D=45m) SK450 SK660 SK340 III(D=60m) SK450 SK660

R di of protection R ( ) Radius f i Rp(m) 25 38 50 63 66 68 70 75 75 34 52 69 86 88 90 92 95 95 40 59 78 97 99 101 102 105 105 24 42 57 71 75 78 80 88 90 38 57 76 95 98 100 102 109 110 44 65 87 107 109 111 113 119 120

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PRODUCT
PLUS
Features
South Korea Patent. Complies with the NF C 17-102 Standard. Stainless steel design suitable for most environments. Activated only have lightning and thunder. Advantage self-contained working. Guaranteed wider range of protection. No exterior electrical or mechanical supply of energy. Maintenance free and less expensive installation costs. Certified by the KERI (Korea Electro technology Research Institute) Finial Tip P30 P40 P60 1EA 2EA 3EA Dimensions 56mm(Dia) 243mm(H) 56mm(Dia) 268mm(H) 56mm(Dia) 268mm(H) Material Stainless steel Stainless steel Stainless steel Weight(kg) 4.2 4.2 4.2

Radius of protection
Level of protection PLUS H(m) H( ) 2 3 4 5 10 15 20 45 60 19 28 38 48 49 50 50 50 50 27 41 55 68 69 70 70 70 70 32 48 64 79 79 80 80 80 80 P30 I(D=20m) P40 P60 P30 II(D=45m) P40 P60 P30 III(D=60m) P40 P60

R di of protection R ( ) Radius f i Rp(m) 25 38 50 63 66 68 70 75 75 34 52 69 86 88 90 92 95 95 40 59 78 97 99 101 102 105 105 24 42 57 71 75 78 80 88 90 38 57 76 95 98 100 102 109 110 44 65 87 107 109 111 113 119 120

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PRODUCT
SK-3
Features
Complies with the NF C 17-102 Standard. Larger radius of protection. Stainless steel design suitable for most environments. Innovative design using the latest architectural trends. Economical and easy to install. Activated only have lightning and thunder. Advantage self-contained working. No exterior electrical or mechanical supply of energy. Certified by the KERI (Korea Electro technology Research Institute)

SK-3
Skirt SK-3 1EA Dimensions 56mm(Dia) Material Stainless steel Weight(kg) 4.2

Protection Radius
Level of protection
2 3 4 H(m) 5 10 15 20 45 60

(D=20m)
32 48 64 79 79 80 80 80 80

(D=45m)
39 59 78 97 99 101 102 105 105

(D=60m)
43 65 86 107 109 111 113 119 120

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CTS LIGHTNIG CONDUCTOR

No-Strike Lightning Protection Concept
Lightning is the process of neutralizing the potential between the cloud base and earth. Any strike prevention system must facilitate this process slowly and continuously. The Charge Transfer System(CTS) has been designed to prevent a lightning strike to both the protected area and the array itself.

To prevent a lightning strike to a given area, a system must be able to reduce the potential between the site and the storm cloud cell, so that the potential is not high enough for a stroke to terminate within the area. That is, the protective system must release, or leak off, the charge induced in the area of concern to a level where a lightning stroke is impractical impractical. Atmospheric scientists have found that much of the storms energy is dissipated through what is called natural dissipation, which is ionization produced by trees, grass, fences and other similar natural or man-made pointed objects that are earthbound and exposed to the electrostatic field created by a storm cell. For example, a storm cell over the ocean will produce more lightning than the same cell over land, because the natural dissipation of the land will reduce the storms energy. Consequently, a multipoint ionizer is simply a more p , p g y effective dissipation device, duplicating nature more efficiently. The CTS is based on using the point discharge phenomenon as a charge transfer mechanism from the protected site to the surrounding air. The electrostatic field created by the storm cell will draw that charge away from the protected site, leaving that site at a lower potential than its surroundings. A second phenomenon that adds to the protection provided by the CTS is the presence of a space charge. This charge develops between the protected site and the storm cell and forms what may be considered a (Faraday) shield shield. The ionized air molecules formed by point discharge are drawn above the ionizer where they slow down and tend to form a cloud of ionized air molecules. In contrast, the multipoint ionizer starts the ionization process at a somewhat higher potential; but as the potential increases, the ionization current increases exponentially. Since these ions are spread over a large area, no streamers are generated.

17

PRODUCT
OPTIMA-3
Features
Electric dipole streamer discharge type lightning conductor. Complies with the IEC 62305 Standard. Stainless steel design suitable for most environments. Certified by the KERI (Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute). CTS (Charge Transfer System) Method. h f h d

Model Spherical Dimensions Length Weigh Material Thickness (Head)

OPTIMA-3 80 1.4 (Head) 3.8kg Stainless steel T=2.0, OD=31.8

Protection Area
<The protection angle method>
The protection angle method is suitable for simple-shaped buildings but it is subject to limits of airg termination height indicated in Table.

Rp = h x tan h : The height of air-termination above the reference plane of the area to be protected. : Protection angle Rp : protection area

NOTE 1 Not applicable beyond the values marked with .. Only rolling sphere and mesh methods apply in these cases. NOTE 2 H is the height of air-termination above the reference plane of the area to be protected. NOTE 3 The angle will not change for values of H below 2m.

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LIGHTNING COUNTER
ALP LC 1500
Lightning counter ALP LC-1500 keeps record data for the number of lightning strikes after lightning system hit by lightning discharge. It provides data for analyze the performance of lightning system.

Features
Counts up to 999,999 events before automatically resetting. ALP LC-1500 is always attached on down conductor. Quick and easy installation and no any external power required. Triggers pulse from 0.5~100kA. The digit reading of counter is triggered by every lightning stroke that coursed by electromagentic field of passing lightning energy. Model M d l Min. current for detection Max. current for detection Wave form Max. number of events Material Dimensions(cm) Weight W i ht Color ALP LC 1500 0.5kA 100kA 8/20 999,999 Stainless steel 7.5(L) X 10.5(W) X 6.5(H) 0.15kg 0 15k Silver

Installation
The number of pulses displayed by the counter during the d l h delivery corresponds to the routing test of the d h f h product. It must be placed on the down-conductor above the control joint and in all case, 2m above the ground. Fit to tape 30mm and round 6~8mm, without drilling or cutting conductors conductors.

NOTE! Lightning counters have registered 3. After manufacture, counters were tested 3 times to ensure their operation and quality.

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LIGHTNING WARNING SYSTEM

Principle of Storm Tracer
Storm Tracer indicates process of thunderbolt by scenting electric strength and short-distanced or long-distance discharge of thunderbolt in this location. Strength of electric field of earth surface is approximately 100V/m when there is no thunder cloud. If pole of electric field on the earth surface at the measuring point develop by approaching thundercloud and measuring point is the very under the thundercloud. Strength of electric field of earth surface reach thousands of V/m. Also when discharge starts inside of thundercloud. Strength of electric field of earth surface changes suddenly by sudden movement of electric charge. Furthermore, charge Furthermore when thunderbolt starts nearby measuring point point. Thundercloud and electric charge of earth surface moves to the point of thunderbolt fast, So pole of electric field reverses nearby the point of thunderbolt. Through this process strength of electric field of earth surface at the measuring point shows the change as illustrated. Strom Tracer makes it possible to provide against damage by perceiving this change and forecasting thunderbolt.

Function of storm tracer

The storm tracer is designed to provide cost effective and reliable, single-point, omnidirectional thunderstorm detection for use with modern automated data acquisition and processing systems. Also, it is ideal for integration with weather platforms platforms. The Storm tracer may be used without the host computer of an automated weather station by using a data terminal or personal computer as an I/O device to allow interaction with a human operator.

Perception of possibility of outbreak thunderbolt

Operation of storm tracer

Alarm of outbreak thunderbolt by level.

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STORM TRACER ALP-

STROM TRACER ALP- is a storm detector that measures the environmental electric field.

It is fully automatic,, robust and highly reliable

COMPOSITION
<SENSOR> <MAIN CONSOLE> Features
Possible to self test. - Possible to self test when turning on. Alarm possible to self test when operating possible to operate alarm when emergency. Rating Voltage Weight Size (cm) Digital equipment 50W 220V 15kg 43 x 36 x 15 RS232
The capacity and external appearance of products can be changed by improvement of efficiency.

Function to emergency power. - Auto change when normal condition. - Auto conversion to an electric condenser when blackout. Function to reset.

Operation order

Sensor

Main console

PC

. Issue the signal when thundercloud approaches by sensor or antenna. . Transmit this signal to control plate installed seperately. . Control plage plays role that amplity input signal, turn on the lamp on the display panal by discrimination, occurance of alarm, issue the relay signal to the outer circuit. . It operates normally when use common used power, because it includes charge or condenser.

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STORM TRACER ALP-

Operation of Storm Tracer Warning Step
Step 1. NORMAL The red lamp turns on from 1 step to 3 step. Sensing voltage reaches 2kv/m. warning tone sounds repeatly. Step 2. WARNING p The red lamp turns on from 7 step to 10 step. Sensing voltage reaches 4kv/m. it turns on and off signal warning for BUZZER SWITCH LAMP, RESET SWITCH LAMP, SELF TEST SWITCH LAMP, ATTERY SWITCH LAMP REPEATLY. warning tone sounds repeatly. Step 3. CAUTION The red lamp turns on from 11 step to 16 step. Sensing voltage reaches 6kv/m. it turns on and off signal warning as well as hearing warning for BUZZER SWITCH LAMP, RESET SWITCH LAMP, SELF TEST SWITCH LAMP, BATTERY SWITCH LAMP REPEATLY. warning tone sounds repeatly. Step 4. RED ALERT The red lamp turns on from 17 step to 20 step. Sensing voltage reaches 10kv/m. it turns on and off signal warning as well as hearing warning for BUZZER SWITCH LAMP, RESET SWITCH LAMP, SELF TEST SWITCH LAMP, BATTERY SWITCH LAMP REPEATLY. in this step, tone sounds 5 times every 6 second at outside siren. warning tone sounds repeatly. p Step 5. ALL CLEAR The red lamp goes down from step 4 to step 1.and when red lamp goes down under 5 step, clear siren sounds 5 times every 3 second repeatly.

Warning Color Green White Whit Yellow Red Green

Sensing Voltage 2kV/m 4kV/m 4kV/ 7kV/m 10kV/m All clear alarm

kV/m (electric field)

RED ALERT

WARNING

CAUTION

NORMAL / ALL CLEAR LAMP

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SURGE
What are transient voltages?
When a lightning flash occurs to a structure or service the injected lightning current causes a rapid rise in voltage due to the impedance of the conductor. It is this voltage that can exceed the rating of the insulation of the service, resulting in a flashover, and/or the voltage may exceed the withstand of the connected equipment, causing extensive equipment damage. Voltage transients are one type of power distribution system disturbance that can damage electrical and electronic equipment, or affect its operation. As SPDs are often incorrectly thought to offer protection against a wide range of power distribution system disturbances, the main types of power quality problems and solutions are briefly described. With power quality problems, it is important to correctly identify the problem(s) in order to ensure that the intended preventative equipment is suitable.

Causes of transient overvoltages

A transient overvoltage is a voltage peak with a maximum duration of less than one millisecond. There are two possible causes of overvoltages on electrical networks: natural causes (lightning), other causes due to equipment or switching devices. Overvoltages due to direct lightning strikes

[Direct lightning strike on a lightning conduc tor or the roof of a building]

[Direct lightning strike on an overhead line]

Overvoltages due to the indirect effects of lightning strikes

[Increase in ground potential]

[Magnetic field]

[Electrostatic field]

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SPD
Surge Protective Device (SPD)
The international standard IEC 61 643-1and EN 61 643-11 compiles lightning arresters and surge arresters under the integrated term SPD (Surge Protection Device). Surge protective devices are items of equipment whose basic components are voltage-controlled resistors (varistors, suppressor diodes) and/or spark gaps (discharge paths). The function of surge protective devices is p q p g p y g g / to protect other electrical equipment and installations against impermissibly high surges and/or to establish the equipotential bonding.

Surge wave
- Current waveform which passes through equipment when subjected to an overvoltage due to a direct g g lightning strike. - Current waveform which passes through an overvoltage (low energy). - Standardized overvoltage waveform created on networks and which adds to the network's voltage.

10/350 wave

8/20 wave

1.2/50 wave

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SPD SELECTION
The most important parameters to take into account are: Where the area to be protected is located. Maximum residual voltage allowed. Additional parameters of the line.

Zone of protection p
Lightning protection standards, as IEC61312, define Lightning Protection Zones (LPZ) depending on the electromagnetic characteristics of each area around and inside the structure to be protected. For each of these zones, the damage that surges can cause is different, and therefore equipment should be protected according to this risk. Surge Protective Devices are installed in the transitions between zones. Regulations describe three different types of SPD according to the area where they are located:

Class I Protectors
Class I SPDs should be tested with 10/350s lightning impulse wave, simulating the effects of direct lightning discharges. To be installed where lightning currents and electromagnetic effects are unattenuated.

Class Protectors
Class II SPDs should be tested with 8/20s current impulse wave, simulating lightning secondary effects. To be installed where lightning currents and electromagnetic effects are already attenuated.

Class Protectors
Class III SPDs should be tested with combination impulse wave but with low values simulating values, very attenuated over voltages. Normally they are installed near the equipment and have low residual voltages.

ZONE LPZ 0A

CHARACTERSTICS
External zone, exposed to direct lightning strikes.

SURGES
Full lightning current unattenuated electric field. and

LPZ 0B

External zone but within the LPS protection p area and, therefore, protected against direct strikes. Internal zone, where surges are limited by current spreading, up-stream SPDs and sometimes by screening.

Part of the lightning current and g g unattenuated electric fields.

Low currents electric fields.

and

attenuated

LPZ 1

LPZ 2...n

Internal zones with more limited surges thanks to current spreading, screening and up-stream SPDs

Minimum currents attenuated electric fields.

and

very

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POWER BOX TYPE

Surge protection for POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
Application
Industry UPS, Machine, Computer Elevator, Motor Mobile a base station Subway , Rail way station MODEL CLASS Nominal a c voltage Un a.c. Max. continuous operating voltage Uc Voltage protection level Up Max. discharge current (8/20s) Imax Nominal discharge current (8/20s) In Response time tA Dimension (W*L*H) Operating temperature range SB-PB40 /4-A420 AC380V AC420V <2.5kV 40kA 20kA 25ns 124*179*85 -40C ~ +70C SB-PB40 /2-A320 AC220V AC320V <1.5kV

-- SPDs for low-voltage installations and equipment

CLASS2 LPZ12

MODEL CLASS Nominal a c voltage Un a.c. Max. continuous operating voltage Uc Voltage protection level Up Max. discharge current (8/20s) Imax Nominal discharge current (8/20s) In Response time tA Dimension (W*L*H) Operating temperature range

SB-PB80 /4-A420 AC380V AC420V <2.5kV 80kA 40kA 25ns

SB-PB80 /2-A320 AC220V AC320V <1.5kV

CLASS2 LPZ12

159*214*85 -40C ~ +70C

26

POWER BOX TYPE

CLASS
MODEL CLASS Nominal a.c. voltage Un Max. continuous operating voltage Uc Voltage protection level Up a . discharge current (8/20s) Max. d sc a ge cu e t (8/ 0s) Imax Nominal discharge current (8/20s) In Response time tA Dimension (W*L*H) Operating temperature range SB-PB120 /4-A420 AC380V AC420V <2.5kV 120kA 60kA 25ns 159*214*85 -40C ~ +70C 40C SB-PB120 /2-A320 AC220V AC320V <1.5kV

CLASS2 LPZ1 2 LPZ12

MODEL CLASS Nominal a.c. voltage Un Max. continuous operating voltage Uc Voltage protection level Up Max. discharge current (8/20s) Imax Nominal discharge current (8/20s) In Response time tA Dimension (W*L*H) (W L H) Operating temperature range

SB-PB160 /4-A420 AC380V AC420V <2.5kV 160kA 80kA 25ns

SB-PB160 /2-A320 AC220V AC320V <1.5kV

CLASS2 LPZ12

159 214 85 159*214*85 -40C ~ +70C

27

POWER BOX TYPE

CLASS
MODEL CLASS Nominal a.c. voltage Un Max. continuous operating voltage Uc Voltage protection level Up a . discharge current (8/20s) Max. d sc a ge cu e t (8/ 0s) Imax Nominal discharge current (8/20s) In Response time tA Dimension (W*L*H) Operating temperature range SB-PB200 /4-A420 AC380V AC420V <2.5kV 200kA 100kA 25ns 159*214*85 -40C ~ +70C 40C SB-PB200 /2-A320 AC220V AC320V <1.5kV

CLASS2 LPZ1 2 LPZ12

CLASS
MODEL CLASS Nominal a.c. voltage Un Max. continuous operating voltage Uc Voltage protection level Up Max. discharge current (8/20s) Imax Nominal discharge current (8/20s) In Response time tA Dimension (W*L*H) (W L H) Operating temperature range SB-PC20/2-A320 CLASS2 LPZ23 AC220V AC320V <1.5kV 20kA 10kA 25ns 62 85 49 62*85*49 -40C ~ +70C

28

POWER TYPE SPD-C

Surge protection for POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
-- Counts influx surge of the line. Feature
SPD-C keeps record data for the number of influx surge. Counts up to 999,999 events. Counts t C t two i fl path, th t i li influx th that is line and ground. d d Made up of zinc oxide varistors able to withstand very high currents. Their activation causes no interruption in power supply. Optimum protection level. Quick response. High energy diverting capability. Limits supply following currents. Tested and certified as Class II according to regulations IEC61643-1. IEC61643 1. MODEL CLASS Nominal a.c. voltage Un Max. continuous operating voltage Uc Voltage protection level Up Max. discharge current (8/20s) Imax Nominal discharge current (8/20s) In Response ti R time tA Dimension (W*L*H) Operating temperature range MODEL CLASS Nominal a.c. voltage Un Max. continuous operating voltage Uc Voltage protection level Up Max. discharge current (8/20s) Imax Nominal discharge current (8/20s) In Response time tA Dimension (W*L*H) Operating temperature range SB-PBC 40/2-A320 CLASS2 LPZ23 AC220V AC320V <1.5kV 40kA 20kA 25ns 25 80*136*78 -40C ~ +70C SB-PBC40/4-A420 CLASS2 LPZ23 AC380V AC420V <2.5kV 40kA 20kA 25ns 120*179*83 -40C ~ +70C

29

POWER TYPE - SPDC

CLASS
MODEL CLASS Nominal a.c. voltage Un Max. continuous operating voltage Uc Voltage protection level Up Max. Max discharge current (8/20s) Imax Nominal discharge current (8/20s) In Response time tA Dimension (W*L*H) Operating temperature range SB-PBC 80/2-A320 CLASS2 LPZ23 AC220V AC320V <1.5kV 80kA 40kA 25ns 120*179*83 -40C ~ +70C

MODEL CLASS Nominal a.c. voltage Un Max. continuous operating voltage Uc Voltage protection level Up Max. discharge current (8/20s) Imax Nominal discharge current (8/20s) In Response time tA Dimension (W*L*H) Operating temperature range

SB-PBC80/4-A420 CLASS2 LPZ23 AC380V AC420V <2.5kV 80kA 40kA 25ns 155*214*83 -40C ~ +70C

30

POWER DIN RAIL TYPE

CLASS
MODEL CLASS Nominal a.c. voltage Un Max. continuous operating voltage Uc Voltage protection level Up Lightning impulse current Iimp Max. discharge current (8/20s) Imax Nominal discharge current (8/20s) In Response time tA Dimension (W*L*H) Operating temperature range <2.5kV 100kA 50kA 25ns 36*90*49 -40C ~ +70C SD-PB100 /4-A420 AC380V AC420V <2.0kV 20kA 50kA SD-NPE/C

CLASS2 LPZ12

MODEL CLASS Nominal a.c. voltage Un Max. continuous operating voltage Uc Voltage protection level Up Lightning impulse current Iimp Max. discharge current (8/20s) Imax Nominal discharge current (8/20s) In 8 20 Response time tA Dimension (W*L*H) Operating temperature range

SD PB100 SD-PB100 /2-A320 AC220V AC320V <2.2kV 100kA 50kA 25ns 36*90*49

SD-NPE/C

CLASS2 LPZ12

<1.8kV 20kA 50kA

-40C ~ +70C

31

POWER DIN RAIL TYPE

CLASS
MODEL CLASS Nominal a.c. voltage Un Max. continuous operating voltage Uc Voltage protection level Up Lightning impulse current Iimp Max. discharge current (8/20s) Imax Nominal discharge current (8/20s) In Response time tA Dimension (W*L*H) Operating temperature range <2.2kV 80kA 40kA 25ns 36*90*49 -40C ~ +70C SD-PB80 /4-A420 AC380V AC420V <2.0kV 20kA 50kA SD-NPE/C

CLASS2 LPZ12

MODEL CLASS Nominal a.c. voltage Un Max. continuous operating voltage Uc Voltage protection level Up Lightning impulse current Iimp Max. discharge current (8/20s) Imax Nominal discharge current (8/20s) In 8 20 Response time tA Dimension (W*L*H) Operating temperature range

SD PB80 SD-PB80 /2-A320 AC220V AC320V <2.2kV 80kA 40kA 25ns 36*90*49

SD-NPE/C

CLASS2 LPZ12

<1.8kV 20kA 50kA

-40C ~ +70C

32

POWER DIN RAIL TYPE

CLASS
MODEL CLASS Nominal a.c. voltage Un Max. continuous operating voltage Uc Voltage protection level Up Lightning impulse current Iimp Max. discharge current (8/20s) Imax Nominal discharge current (8/20s) In Response time tA Dimension (W*L*H) Operating temperature range <1.8kV 40kA 20kA 25ns 18*90*49 -40C ~ +70C SD-PC40 /4-A420 AC380V AC420V <1.5kV 12.5kA 20kA SD-NPE/B

CLASS2 LPZ23

MODEL CLASS Nominal a.c. voltage Un Max. continuous operating voltage Uc Voltage protection level Up Lightning impulse current Iimp Max. discharge current (8/20s) Imax Nominal discharge current (8/20s) In 8 20 Response time tA Dimension (W*L*H) Operating temperature range

SD PC40 SD-PC40 /2-A320 AC220V AC320V <1.8kV 40kA 20kA 25ns 18*90*49

SD-NPE/B

CLASS2 LPZ23

<1.5kV 12.5kA 20kA

-40C ~ +70C

33

POWER DIN RAIL TYPE

CLASS
MODEL CLASS Nominal a.c. voltage Un Max. continuous operating voltage Uc Voltage protection level Up Lightning impulse current Iimp Max. discharge current (8/20s) Imax Nominal discharge current (8/20s) In Response time tA Dimension (W*L*H) Operating temperature range <1.5kV 40kA 10kA 25ns 18*90*49 -40C ~ +70C SD-PC20 /2-A320 AC220V AC320V <1.5kV 12.5kA 20kA SD-NPE/B

CLASS2 LPZ23

34

DATA / SIGNAL TYPE SPD

Surge protection for Data / Signal line
Feature
Large current capability High-level protection Fast respond Low residual oltage Lo resid al voltage Simple structure and easy installation and maintain Optimum protection level. High energy diverting capability. CE certificated Tested and certified as Class II according to regulations IEC61643-21. Application pp Telecommunication Line, Server, Networks, Hub, CCTV control signal line MODEL Connection type CLASS Nominal d c voltage Un d.c. Voltage protection level Up Max. discharge current (8/20s) Imax Nominal discharge current (8/20s) In Response time tA Dimension (W*L*H) Operating temperature range MODEL Connection type yp CLASS Nominal d.c. voltage Un Voltage protection level Up Max. discharge current (8/20s) Imax Nominal discharge current (8/20s) In Response time tA Dimension (W*L*H) Operating temperature range SB-DC10/2-D24 Strip type CLASS2 LPZ23 DC24V 33V 10kA 5kA <1ns 131*31*22 -40C ~ +70C SB-DC10/4-D24 Strip type p yp CLASS2 LPZ23 DC24V 33V 10kA 5kA <1ns 131*54*32 -40C ~ +70C

35

TELECOMMUNICATION TYPE SPD

Surge protection Telecommunication
Feature
Large current capability High-level protection Fast respond Low residual oltage Lo resid al voltage Simple structure and easy installation and maintain Optimum protection level. High energy diverting capability. CE certificated Tested and certified as Class II according to regulations IEC61643-21. Application pp Telecommunication Line, Server, Networks, Hub, CCTV control signal line MODEL Connection type CLASS Nominal d.c. voltage Un Voltage protection level Up Max. discharge current (8/20s) Imax Nominal discharge current (8/20s) In Response time tA Dimension (W*L*H) Operating temperature range MODEL Connection type CLASS Nominal d.c. voltage Un Voltage protection level Up Max. discharge current (8/20s) Imax Nominal discharge current (8/20s) In Response time tA Dimension (W*L*H) Operating temperature range SB-DC10/2-D110 Strip type CLASS2 LPZ23 DC110V 232V 10kA 5kA <1ns 131*31*31 -40C ~ +70C SB-DC10/RJ45-D24 RJ45 CLASS2 LPZ23 DC24V 33V 10kA 5kA <1ns 110*42*27 -40C ~ +70C

36

COAXIAL TYPE SPD

Surge protection for Coaxial line
Feature
Large current capability High-level protection Fast respond Low residual voltage Simple structure and easy installation and maintain Optimum protection level. High energy diverting capability. CE certificated Tested and certified as Class II according to regulations IEC61643-21. MODEL Connection type CLASS Nominal d.c. voltage Un Voltage protection level Up Max. discharge current (8/20s) Imax Nominal discharge current (8/20s) In Insert loss Transmit speed Response time tA Dimension (W*L*H) Operating temperature range MODEL Connection type CLASS Nominal d.c. voltage Un Voltage protection level Up Max. discharge current (8/20s) Imax Nominal discharge current (8/20s) In Insert loss Transmit speed Response time tA Dimension (W*L*H) Operating temperature range SB-XC10/BNC-D24 BNC Type CLASS2 LPZ23 DC24V 33V 10kA 5kA 0.3dB 16Mbit/s <1ns 94*29*29 -40C ~ +70C SB-XC10/ANT-D6 F type CLASS2 LPZ23 DC6V 11V 10kA 5kA 0.3dB 16Mbit/s <1ns 94*29*29 -40C ~ +70C

37

CCTY TYPE
CCTV

MODEL Connection type CLASS POWER Nominal a.c. voltage Un Voltage protection level Up Max. discharge current (8/20s) Imax Response time tA COAXIAL Nominal d.c. voltage Un Voltage protection level Up L-L L-G

SB-PC10/CCTV-A320 Series CLASS2 LPZ23

AC220V 1.8kV 10kA <2.5ns

DC24V 65V 300V 10kA 5kA 0.2dB 20Mbit/s

Max. discharge current (8/20s) Imax Nominal discharge current (8/20s) In Insert loss Transmit speed SIGNAL Nominal d.c. voltage Un Voltage protection level Up Max. discharge current (8/20s) Imax Dimension (W*L*H) Operating temperature range

DC24V 60V 10kA 94*29*29 -40C ~ +70C

38

GROUNDING

Grounding and bonding are an integral part of any modern electrical protection system design. An effective, low-impedance ground system is a key element of this system. It is crucial in ensuring personnel safety, as well as providing reliable protection for vital equipment and to minimize interruptions of service and costly downtime. With almost a century of experience in the design and manufacture of bonding and grounding products, SUNKWANG, a single source provider, offers what we believe is the best range of long lasting and cost-effective grounding products available.

THE NEED TO GROUND

There are important reasons why a grounding system should be installed installed. 1. The most important reason is to protect people! 2. Protection of structures and equipment from unintentional contact with live conductors. 3. Ensure maximum safety from electrical system faults and lightning. It is a fundamental fact that electricity always flows to the point of lowest potential. The task is to ensure that electricity, including faults, lightning and electronic noise, flows to this point with maximum safety to people, while maintaining the reliability of equipment. Therefore we must ensure the safe, controlled flow of electricity with minimum voltage drop to earth in all cases.

GROUNDING PRINCIPLES
Low impedance is the key to lightning protection. All grounding connections should be as short and direct as possible to minimize inductance and reduce peak voltages induced in the connections. The ground electrode system must efficiently couple lightning surges into the ground by maximizing capacitive coupling to the soil. The resistance of the ground itself to lightning currents must also be minimized. Only when all these factors are taken into account will maximum lightning protection be achieved.

The primary functions of grounding Personal safety

Avoid hazardous Step and Touch Potentials (shock) or even death by low impedance grounding and bonding between metallic equipment, chassis, piping, and other i t h i i i d th conductive objects so that currents, due to faults or lightning, do not result in hazardous voltage rise.

Equipment and building protection

A direct, low impedance path to ground and bonding between electrical services, protective devices, equipment and other conductive objects so th t f lt d ti bj t that faults or lightning currents are quickly dissipated and do not result in hazardous voltages within the building. Proper grounding also facilitates the operation of over-current protective devices.

39

GROUNDING
Grounding System Design
Grounding systems are important. It is not expensive to build an appropriate ground system during initial construction of a facility, but it can be very expensive to add to it, enhance it, or replace it after the facility is complete. Care should be taken to design a system that is appropriate both for clearing ground faults and dissipating g g gy y g p , pp y, lightning energy. The system must have a long performance life, meet applicable codes / standards for safety, and have sufficient bonding points to make it easy to add new equipment / facility grounding to it easily. Design considerations include Purpose of facility Design life of facility Soil resistivity at 3 depths Corrosive nature of soil Shape and available area of facility site Existing structures and their grounding systems Seasonal variations in moisture and temperature for facility site Public access & personnel use Adjacent facilities and electrical systems Future uses, additions, equipment for facility

GSI Ground Rod System

The GSI Ground Rod System is suitable for high soil resistivity, dry soil conditions, as it can replace multiple conventional ground rods, making the system ideal where space limitations apply. Where seasonal variations cause fluctuations in soil resistivity, the GSI Ground Electrode ensures a constant and reliable low impedance ground.

Benefits and Features Contains natural electrolytic salts, which permeate into the surrounding soil to condition the soil and increase its conductivity. Low impedance to effectively dissipate lightning and electrical fault currents. Easy connection to ground electrode conductor using the factory provided pigtail (up or down orientation) Provides decades of reliable services due to rugged construction, and high quality metals with a 30 year minimum service life. Optional factory attached radial strips are available to reduce impedance to high-frequency lightning energy and to control the direction of the dissipation

40

GROUNDING
Advantages of GSI System
Ground Surge Incorporate (GSI) System is a system for maintaining a low grounding resistance most efficiently and stably irrespective to the soil type of ground, geological structure, components of soil, status of moisture content and seasonal temperature change. Ground Surge Incorporate system is a new grounding method which is developed in order to satisfy highly integrated communication services and hi hl reliable communication quality of th modern ti i t t d i ti i d highly li bl i ti lit f the d time th through th h the grounding method using electrolyte-producing highly conductive grounding rod. Particularly, it is proud of its superior performance as a grounding system offering the best solution for a system requiring for an extremely low grounding resistance such as communication grounding or the geological stratum in which it is difficult to obtain a low grounding resistance of the base rock, earth and sand layer, etc.

Stability and reliability

Long-term and continuous stability and economical attributes. Lowered grounding resistance after construction. Stable against change of season, temperature, weather and time

Protection of environment

Not harmful to environment and soil.

Protection of human lives and equipment

Safe and fast discharge grounding system against high capacity lightning current. Grounding system for the protection of equipment against surge voltage.

Maintenance and repair

Feasibility of measurement, maintenance, and repair.

Economy E

Reduction of maintenance, repair, and re-construction expenses to the minimum. Minimization of maintenance expenses of equipment and f f system due to occurrence of problems with grounding. Reduction of re-ultilizable expenses.

41

PRODUCT
PERMOST ROD
PERMOST Rod (Chemical Ground Electrodes) provide a low-impedance ground in locations of high soil resistivity. Together with LMCX as backfill, the system dissipates lightning energy and other dangerous electrical fault currents, even in sandy or rocky soil conditions.

Features
Safe and fast discharge grounding system against high lightning current. Long-term and continuous stability and economical attributes. United States Patent and South Korea Patent. Tested at KERI (Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute). Lowered grounding resistance after construction. Stable against change of time-guaranteed for longer than 10years. Type MODEL NO. IP101 IP102 I Type yp IP103 IP106 IP109 LP102 LP102 L Type LP103 LP106 LP106 TP101 TP102 T Type TP103 TP106 TP109 Diameter Thickness ROD Material U-bolt Skin Plate type 54mm 2.11mm Pure-copper Brass Pure-copper Weep hole Length 1m 2m 3m 6m 9m 1mx1m 1mx2m 1mx3m 1mx6m 1mx9m 1mx1m 1mx2m 1mx3m 1mx6m 1mx9m Skin Plate type Bare copper

Exothermic Welding

42

PRODUCT
X - ROD
X-ROD (Chemical Ground Electrodes) provide a low-impedance ground in locations of high soil resistivity. Together with LMCX as backfill, the system dissipates lightning energy and other dangerous electrical fault currents, even in sandy or rocky soil conditions.

Features
Safe and fast discharge grounding system against high lightning current. Long-term and continuous stability and economical attributes. Tested at KERI(Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute). Lowered grounding resistance after construction. Stable against change of time-guaranteed for longer than 10years.

Bare copper

Type

MODEL NO. IX101 IX102

Length 1m 2m 3m 6m 9m 1mx1m 1mx2m 1mx3m 1mx6m 1mx9m 1mx1m 1mx2m 1mx3m 1mx6m 1mx9m Surge Reduction Conic needle Exothermic Welding

I Type

IX103 IX106 IX109 LX102 LX102

L Type

LX103 LX106 LX106 TX101 TX102

T Type

TX103 TX106 TX109

Diameter Thickness ROD Material U-bolt

54mm 2.11mm Pure-copper Brass Pure-copper Weep hole

Surge Reduction Conic needle

43

PRODUCT
C - ROD
C-ROD (Chemical Ground Electrodes) provide a low-impedance ground in locations of high soil resistivity. Together with LMCX as backfill, the system dissipates lightning energy and other dangerous electrical fault currents, even in sandy or rocky soil conditions.

Features
Safe and fast discharge grounding system against high lightning current. Long-term and continuous stability and economical attributes. Tested at KERI(Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute). Certified UL(Underwriters Laboratories). Lowered grounding resistance after construction. Stable against change of time-guaranteed for longer than 10years. Type MODEL NO. IC101 IC102 I Type IC103 IC106 IC109 LC102 LC102 L Type LC103 LC106 LC106 TC101 TC102 T Type TC103 TC106 TC109 Diameter Thickness ROD Material U-bolt Brass 54mm 2.11mm Pure-copper Weep hole Length 1m 2m 3m 6m 9m 1mx1m 1mx2m 1mx3m 1mx6m 1mx9m 1mx1m 1mx2m 1mx3m 1mx6m 1mx9m Exothermic Welding g

Bare copper

44

PRODUCT
Ground enhancement material
Only rarely do grounding system designers and contractors get to work on a site with good grounding conditions. Even under ideal circumstances, soil structure can vary and make it difficult to achieve uniform, low levels of resistivity across a wide area. Under almost all soil conditions, the use of a ground enhancement material will improve grounding effectiveness. Some are permanent and require no maintenance. When selecting a ground enhancement material be sure it is compatible with the ground rod, conductor and connection material. To improve the conductivity of a grounding system, SUNKWANG recommends using Ground Enhancement Material (LMCX).

Features
High efficiency resistance reducing performance. Stable electrical conductivity. Excellent corrosion resistance character. Performs in all soil conditions even during dry spells. Tested at KTR( Korea Testing & Research Institute). Type Filling weight Powder Alynate 25kg

EFFECTIVE
No other material matches LMCX or reducing earthing resistance and maintaining low resistance permanently. No other material equals LMCX in providing conductivity for the life of the grounding system. LMCX can dramatically lower earth resistance and impedance measures LMCX maintains constant resistances for the life of the system once in set form LMCX performs in soil conditions even during dry spells Because it is chemically stable and very low in sulfate and chloride, it protects ground conductors from corrosion instead of attacking them like salts do.

INSTALLATION
LMCX is supplied in easy-to-handle 25 lb. bags for one-man installation. LMCX can be installed dry or wet (recommended). LMCX quickly absorbs moisture from the soil when used dry, to reach its maximum conductivity in days. To accelerate curing time, water can be added after LMCX is installed, or it can be premixed with water.

45

ACCECERIES
WELDING
Welding employs an exothermic reaction to obtain on-site, homogeneous connections among conductors. The procedure consists of fixing the conductors to be welded using a graphite mould. Welding mixture and starting powder are also placed inside this mould. When a spark is applied, it starts the reduction of the copper oxide This reaction is highly exothermic thus reaching a high enough temperature oxide. exothermic, to melt both the preparation and the conductors. The whole mass therefore becomes homogeneously welded. The conductivity of the connection is the same or even higher than in the conductors, being able to

Mould
The device of this material in which the complete process takes place. Mould can be used for up to 40 to 50 weldings of the normal environment.

Disk
Disk is included in the welding kit and have a larger diameter than the bottom of the crucible, blocking the tap hole so that the welding mixture remains in the crucible before the reaction starts.

Handle Clamp
Necessary for the opening and closing of the mould. y p They are an important accessory for assuring the safety of the welding process, and have a longer working life than the moulds.

Powder
Powder mixture which con the necessary chemical p y components to carry out the reaction. Depending on the materials to weld and their sections, different quantities will be required.

Gun, Brush, Mould sealing

In order to carry out the process correctly, requires a range of accessories such as gun, cleaning brush,, sealing etc. Gun : Initiates the reaction by producing a spark which activates the starter B h : Cl Brush Clean th slag f the l from moulds with a ld ith vertical opening Sealing : It is mainly used to avoid Leakages when we want to join conductors of a different size to the available mould or when the mould shows a few worn signals.

46

ACCECERIES
How to use
Welding employs an exothermic reaction to obtain on-site, homogeneous connections among conductors. The procedure consists of fixing the conductors to be welded using a graphite mould. Welding mixture and starting powder are also placed inside this mould. When a spark is applied, it starts the reduction of the copper oxide by the aluminium This reaction is highly exothermic thus reaching a high aluminium. exothermic, enough temperature to melt both the preparation and the conductors. The whole mass therefore becomes homogeneously welded. conductors, being able to The conductivity of the connection is the same or even higher than in the

1
1. Place the conductors in the mould and close the handle clamps to avoid material leakages during the reaction reaction.

2
2. Obstruct the tap hole with the metallic disk. And put the powder on to the side of the mould. Then close the mould lid lid.

3
3. Ignite the starting powder extended on the side of the mould using the gun.

4
4. Once started, the reaction will take 3 4 seconds d i k 3-4 d during which i i hi h it is recommended to stand back behind the mould.

5
5. After the reaction, it is advisable to wait 10 seconds more before i h ld Never touch the mould at this stage, always h h ld hi l opening the mould. N handle it with the clamps. Once open, clean the slag stuck to the mould with the relevant cleaning brush. After having done this, it will be ready to be used again without having to reheat it with a gas welding torch as explained before.

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