Native resolutions Standard Resolution XGA (Extended Graphics Adaptor) 1024x768 SXGA (Super XGA) 1280x1024 WXGA (Wide

XGA) 1440x900 WSXGA (Wide SXGA) 1600x1024 UXGA (Ultra XGA) 1600x1200 WUXGA (Wide UXGA) 19201200 WQXGA (Wide Quad XGA) 25601600

Pixels 786,432 1,310,720 1,296,000 1,638,400 1,920,000 2,304,000 4,096,000

Windows XP Printer Installation

To install a local printer 1. 2. 3. 4. Click Start - Settings - Printers and Faxes. In the Printers and Faxes window, click File - Add Printer. In the Add Printer Wizard, click Next. Select the Local printer attached to this computer option. If you are using a Plug and Play printer, check the Automatically detect and install my Plug and Play printer checkbox. Click Next. 5. Select a port for the printer, using the dropdown menu. Alternatively, you can create a new port. When you've selected a port, click Next. 6. Select the printer's manufacturer and model, then click Next. 7. In the Printer name text box, specify a name for the printer. Choose if the printer is to be set as the default printer, then click Next. 8. Specify whether or not the printer will be shared with other network users. If the printer is to be shared, enter a name for the printer in the Share name text box. Click Next. 9. Choose whether or not to print a test page, then click Next. 10. Review the details of the printer. If you need to change any of the details, navigate to the relevant page using the Back button. Once you are satisfied with the details, navigate to the final page of the wizard and click Finish to complete the process. To install a network printer 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Click Start - Settings - Printers and Faxes. In the Printers and Faxes window, click File - Add Printer. In the Add Printer Wizard, click Next. Select the A network printer, or a printer attached to another computer option, and click Next. On the Specify a Printer screen, select one of the three options to specify the name and the location of the network printer you want to add. 6. The wizard then locates the selected network printer and installs it. Note: During installation, some inkjet printers require calibration to produce optimal output. Calibration helps correct color matching and removes blank lines or uneven spaces. You calibrate these printers using a configuration wizard, which appears automatically when calibration is required. List of SCSI types

SCSI SCSI-1 SCSI-2 SCSI-2 SCSI-2 SCSI-3 SCSI-3 SCSI-3 SCSI-3 SCSI-3

Term SCSI-1 Fast-5 Wide (Wide SCSI) Fast-10 (Fast SCSI) Fast-10 Wide (Fast Wide SCSI) Fast-20 (Ultra SCSI) Fast-20 Wide (Ultra Wide SCSI) Fast-40 (Ultra2) Fast-40 Wide (Ultra-2 Wide) Fast-80DT (Ultra160, Ultra-3) Fast-160DT (Utra320, Ultra-4) Fast-320DT (Ultra640, Ultra-5)

Bus width 8 16 8 16 8 16 8 16 16 5 5

Bus speed

Connector 50 68 50 68 50 68 50 68 68 5 10 10 20 20 40 40 80

Transfer Speed 8 16 8 16 8 8 8 16 16

Maximum devices

Maximum meters of cable 6 6 3 3 1.5 1.5 12 12 12

10 10 20 20 40 40 40

160

SCSI-3

16

80

68

320

16

12

SCSI-3

16

160

68

640

16

Vista 32-bit and 64-bit features Architecture Vista 32-bit editions Vista 64-bit editions 16-bit Supports some Supports no software software software support Supports drivers 32-bit driver designed for Supports no 32-bit drivers support Windows Vista Software based Hardware based DEP Unsigned drivers can Driver Only drivers digitally signed by the developer may be used signatures be used Only available in 64-bit editions it stops potentially malicious programs from updating the Windows Vista Kernel by preventing Kernel Patch Not available kernel-mode drivers from extending or replacing kernel services. It also Protection stops other programs from editing the kernel in any way. Memory access Up to 4 GB of RAM More than 128 GB

SCSI

Term

Bus width

List of SCSI types Bus Transfer Connector speed Speed Vista Home Basic 8 GB Vista Home Premium 16 GB

Maximum devices

Maximum meters of cable

Memory access per edition

Up to 4 GB of RAM Vista Business more than 128GB Vista Enterprise more than 128GB Vista Ultimate more than 128 GB

1-GHz 32-bit (x86) processor or 64-bit System 1-GHz 64-bit (x64) processor, 1 GB of RAM (4 GB recommended) requirements (x64) processor, 512 MB of RAM

Installing Windows XP
Installing Windows XP
Text mode stage 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Insert the installation CD into the CD-Rom drive and reboot the computer. Press any key to boot the CD. Press Enter on the Setup Notification screen. Press Enter again on the Welcome screen. Press F8 to agree with the Licensing Agreement on the Licensing Agreement screen. If you don't have partitions on your hard drive, press Enter to make a new partitions. Select the partition and press Enter. Select an appropriate file system. You have the option of leaving the current file system as is, which is selected by default. Press Enter after you have made your selection. 9. When the formatting is complete, the files are copied to the Windows installation folders. The computer then reboots automatically. The text-mode stage of the Windows XP installation is now complete. GUI stage

Dynamic update The Setup program automatically assesses configuration settings and hardware. It detects updates and prepares the system for installation. Preparing for installation
1. The Regional and Language Options page has default settings and lets you select language settings. Click Next after you have made your selections or accepted the default settings. 2. On the Personalize Your Software page, type your name and your company's name and click Next.

3. Type in the product key on the Product Key page. The product key is the 25-digit number you received with your installation CD. Click Next to continue. 4. You can choose to accept or replace the default name assigned to the computer on the Computer Name and Administrator Password page. Here you also need to choose and confirm a password. 5. On the next page you select the correct date and time and time zones and click Next.

If you have a network card or modem installed, the Setup program will install the networking files that are needed. Automatic installation of network files
1. On the Network Settings page, you can choose to accept the standard networking options by selecting the Typical settings radio button, or you can customize network connections. Click Next once you have chosen your network settings. 2. On the Workgroup and Computer Domain page you can join the company's domain by selecting the option and entering the domain name. Alternatively, choose to remain with the default option and click Next.

Finalizing installation
1. Click OK when the Settings dialog box informs you that the resolution will be adjusted automatically.

You are automatically taken to the desktop. You have now successfully installed Windows XP. Common switches for ipconfig Description /all This switch displays the full TCP/IP configuration information for all adapters. This switch renews the DHCP configuration for all adapters if an adapter is not specified and /renew [Adapter] for a specific adapter if the parameter is included. This switch sends a message to the DHCP server to release the current DHCP configuration /release [Adapter] for all adapters if the adapter is not specified or for a specific adapter if the parameter is included. This switch flushes and resets the information contained in the DNS client resolver cache. /flushdns You can use this switch to flush negative cache entries from the cache and also all other entries that might have been added dynamically. This switch displays the contents of the DNS client resolver's cache. The DNS Client service /displaydns uses these records to quickly resolve names queried often before requesting information from the DNS servers. This switch initiates a manual registration of DNS client resolver cache and the IP addresses. You can use this to troubleshoot and resolve a dynamic update issue between a client and the /registerdns DNS server and also to resolve a failed DNS name registration without rebooting the client system. /showclassid This switch displays the DHCP class ID for a specific adapter. You can use this switch only Adapter on computers using DHCP for IP address allocation. /setclassid This switch is used to configure the DHCP class ID for a specific adapter. You can use this Adapter switch only on computers using DHCP for IP address allocation. [ClassID] Common Switches for ping Switch

Switch -t -a -n Count -l Size -f -w Timeout

Description This switch is used to specify that the ping command should continue to send Echo Request messages to the destination computer until it is interrupted. This switch indicates that reverse name resolution should be performed on the destination IP address. If the request is successful, the ping command displays the host name corresponding to the IP address. This switch is used to indicate the number of Echo Requests sent. The default value is 4 This switch specifies the length of the Data Field in the Echo Request messages that are sent. The default value is 32 bytes and the maximum size is 65,527 bytes. This switch specifies that the "Don't Fragment flag" in the IP Header of the Echo Request message is set to 1. This value ensures that the routers in the path to the destination do not fragment the Echo Request message. This switch specifies the amount of time, in milliseconds, to wait for the Echo Reply message corresponding to a given Echo Request message.

Check Disk and Disk Defragmenter Commands

Check Disk

You run Check Disk using the chkdsk command:

chkdsk [Volume:] [[Path] Filename]

In this syntax, Volume is the drive letter, mount point, or volume. The [Path ] Filename parameter specifies the location and name of a file or set of files that you want to check. The common switches used with the chkdsk command are
/F /R /X

Using chkdsk without parameters checks the status of the current drive in Read-only mode. The following switches can be used with the chkdsk command:
Check Disk command switches Switch volume [Path ] FileName /F Description This specifies the drive letter, mount point, or the name of the volume. This specifies the location and names of file or files that you want chkdsk to check for errors. This switch is used to fix errors on the disk. Check Disk must be able to lock the disk for this purpose.

Check Disk command switches Switch /V /R Description This switch is used to display the name of each file in every directory as the disk is being checked. This switch is used to locate bad sectors on the disk and recover readable information. Check Disk must be able to lock the disk for this purpose. This switch is used with NTFS only. It forces the volume to dismount first, if necessary, to fix the errors on the disk. This switch is used with NTFS only. It performs a less thorough check of the disk's indexed entries, taking less time to run chkdsk. This switch is used with NTFS only. It skips the checking of cycles within the folder structure thus taking less time to run chkdsk. This switch is used with NTFS only. It changes the size of the log file to the size you specify. If the [:size ] parameter is not used, the switch displays the current log file size.

/X

/I

/C

/l[:size ]

Suppose you want to run the chkdsk command to check the current drive on your system. You type chkdsk at the command prompt and press Enter. The command checks the current drive and displays the results.

Check Disk output

Disk Defragmenter

You run Disk Defragmenter using the defrag command:

defrag volume [switch]

In this syntax, Volume is the drive letter or the mount point of the volume that is to be defragmented and switch specifies the switch you want to use with the command. The switches used with the defrag command include
/a /v /f

Suppose you want to defragment your C drive and also want to display the analysis and defragmentation reports. You type defrag C: /v at the command prompt and press Enter. The analysis and fragmentation reports are displayed.

Disk Defragmenter output

Windows XP System Updates

Manual updates

To perform operating system updates manually in Windows XP, you navigate to the Windows Update (or the Microsoft update) web site and allow the site to check your system so it can recommend updates for your computer.

To do this, you enter the appropriate URL in a web browser. Another way to update Windows XP is to select Start - Help and Support. This opens the Help and Support Center window. You click the Keep your computer up to date with Windows Update link. You are connected to a Microsoft web page that automatically scans your machine and offers you recommended system updates based on your specific system configuration. You then download and install any critical updates and review other recommended updates. This method works better if you have a high-speed Internet connection.
Automatic updates

You can also enable Automatic Updates on this page by clicking Turn on Automatic Updates. Alternatively, you can turn on Automatic Updates locally. To do so, you select Start - Settings - Control Panel. Then you double-click Automatic Updates. In the Automatic Update dialog box, you select Automatic (Recommended). This feature lets you schedule automatic downloads for recommended updates and choose when to install them. You can also use this feature to disable Automatic Updates. Different DRAM types and specifications Type of DRAM Specifications DDR memory is marketed with several specifications:

DDR SDRAM

DDR-200, also known as PC1600, operates with a memory and I/O bus clock speed of 100 MHz DDR-266, or PC2100, operates with a memory and I/O bus clock speed of 133 MHz DDR-333, or PC2700, operates with a memory and I/O bus clock speed of 166 MHz DDR-400, or PC3200, operates with a memory and I/O bus clock speed of 200 MHz, and DR-500, also known as PC4000, operates with a memory and I/O bus clock speed of 250 MHz

DDR2 memory is marketed with various specifications:

DDR2 SDRAM

DDR2-400, or PC2-3200, operates with a memory clock speed of 100 MHz and an I/O bus clock speed of 200 MHz DDR2-533, also known as PC2-4200, which operates with a memory clock speed of 133 MHz and an I/O bus clock speed of 266 MHz DDR2-667, or PC2-5300, operates with a memory clock speed of 166 MHz and an I/O bus clock speed of 333 MHz DDR2-800, or PC2-6400, operates with a memory clock speed of 200 MHz and an I/O bus clock speed of 400 MHz, and DDR2-1066, also known as PC2-8500, operates with a memory clock speed of 250 MHz

Different DRAM types and specifications Type of DRAM Specifications and an I/O bus clock speed of 533 MHz DDR3 memory is marketed with numerous specifications:

DDR3 SDRAM

DDR3-800, also known as PC3-6400, operates with a memory clock speed of 100 MHz and an I/O bus clock speed of 400 MHz DDR3-1066, or PC3-8500, operates with a memory clock speed of 133 MHz and an I/O bus clock speed of 533 MHz DDR3-1333, or PC3-10600, operates with a memory clock speed of 166 MHz and an I/O bus clock speed of 667 MHz, and DDR3-1600, also known as PC3-12800, operates with a memory clock speed of 200 MHz and an I/O bus clock speed of 800 MHz

Common Memory Card Standards

Memory cards Memory card Compact Flash I Compact Flash II SmartMedia Memory Stick Standard and Pro Memory Stick DUO, PRO DUO, PRO HG Memory Stick Micro xD Secure Digital Card MiniSD Card MicroSD Card MMC, MMCplus RS-MMC, MMCmobile MMCmicro Memory card dimensions 43 x 36 x 3.3 mm 43 x 36 x 5.5 mm 45 x 37 x 0.76 mm 50 x 21.5 x 2.8 mm 31 x 20 x 1.6 mm 15 x 12.5 x 1.2 mm 20 x 25 x 1.78 mm 32 x 24 x 2.1 mm 21.5 x 20 x 1.4 mm 15 x 11 x 1 mm 32 x 24 x 1.4 mm 16 x 24 x 1.4 mm 12 x 14 x 1.1 mm

Intel and AMD processors

List of Intel Celeron processors Processor Speed (MHz) Pentium II Celeron 266-300 Pentium II Celeron 300-533 Pentium III Celeron 533-1,100 Socket Slot 1 Slot 1/Socket 370 Socket 370

Processor Pentium III Celeron Pentium 4 Celeron Pentium 4 Celeron Celeron M Celeron M Celeron D Celeron M Celeron D Celeron Dual-Core Processor AM386 AM486 K5 K6 K6-2 K6-III Athlon Duron Athlon XP Athlon 64 Athlon 64 FX Sempron Turion Athlon 64 X2 Phenom X3 Phenom X4 Phenom II X2 Phenom II X3 Phenom II X4

List of Intel Celeron processors Speed (MHz) Socket 1,000-1,400 Socket 370 1,700-1,800 Socket 478 2,000-2,800 Socket 478 800-1,500 Socket 479 900-1,700 Socket 479 2,133-3,333 Socket 478, LGA775 1,466-2,000 Socket M 3,200-3,466 LGA775 1,600-2,400 LGA775 List of AMD processors Speed (MHz) As per Intel 386 As per Intel 486 75-133 166-300 233-570 400-570 500-1,400 600-1,800 1,333-2,333 1,800-2,600 2,200-2,800 1,500-2,200 1,600-2,400 2,000-2,400 1,900-2,500 1,800-2,600 3,000-3,100 2,500-2,800 2,500-3,200 Socket As per Intel 386 As per Intel 486 Socket 5 and 7 Socket 7 Super Socket 7 Super Socket 7 Slot A, Socket A

Socket 754, Socket 939, Socket AM2 Socket 939, Socket AM2 Socket A, Socket 754 Socket 754 Socket 939, Socket AM2 Socket AM2+ Socket AM2+ Socket AM3 Socket AM3 Socket AM2+, Socket AM3 Socket Socket 940 Socket 939 Socket 939 Socket 940 Socket 949 Socket 940

List of AMD Opteron processors Processor Opteron 100 Opteron 100 Dual Core Opteron 100 Opteron 200 Dual Core Opteron 200 Opteron 800 Speed (MHz) 1,400-2,400 1,800-2,800 1,800-2,600 2,000-2,400 1,600-2,600 1,600-3,000

List of AMD Opteron processors Processor Speed (MHz) Socket Dual Core Opteron 800 1,800-2,200 Socket 940 Dual Core Opteron 1000 1,800-2,800 Socket AM2 Dual Core Opteron 2000, 8000 1,800-2,800 Socket F