How to make a great on train CCTV system

Paul Soor 02 December 2004 Rail Interiors Expo 04

What this paper will cover About me and Angel Trains On Train CCTV requirements Reproduction of moving images Technical train integration Legal requirements Operational requirements Conclusion

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About me and Angel Trains

Paul Soor

14 Years Rail experience Chartered Engineer Passion for delivering passenger benefits

Angel Trains

Worlds largest private owner of trains Formed in 1994 at the time of UK rail privatisation Leasing 4000 rail vehicles to 20 of the UKs 25 train operating companies Owning more than 40% of the UKs rolling stock Employing 187 staff with an ethos of employing best in class

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On Train CCTV requirements

Four key requirements:

1. Reproducing highly usable moving pictures of people 2. Integrating the system in trains 3. Integrating the system with the train operation 4. Ensuring the recording are legally admissible

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Reproduction of moving images Most CCTV supplier know little about image capture and
reproduction

Good understanding of photography and video required as

well as electronic engineering

Train environments compared to others

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Train environment is different compared to others

Ambient lighting
changes constantly and rapidly High concentration of people in small area Options for camera locations are limited Vibrations Depending on the type of train service and geographical routes, the purpose of CCTV will vary. One size does not fit all!

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The Dos and Donts of image capture Camera selection

Dont use wide angle lenses alone Do consider using narrow angle lens with wide angle

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Video

Video

Wide Angle Lens Good over view of the train but no facial recognition Poor resolution Poor light handling capabilities Distortion

Narrow Angle Lens Provides clear facial recognition more of the time Proves a person entered and left the train

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The Dos and Donts of image capture Camera selection Do chose the best camera you can afford Understand the need then select the camera Example for forward facing CCTV

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Video

Video

Low quality Camera Crude Exposure Low resolution Most of video is not usable Adds little value

Low quality Camera A more usable picture more of the time

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The Dos and Donts of image capture Other dos Do Use best quality cable between camera and recorder Do mount the camera solidly. Do Work closely with Train operator to understand exactly what
the want images of and why?

Do carry out a mock installation before freezing system design

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Good examples of fleet installations

Video

Video

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Technical train integration Harsh environment shock / vibration / dust / dirt / moisture /
condensation / very hot / very cold / low maintenance

Specifications BSEN 61373 (shock and vibration) BSEN

50121 (EMC) EN 50155 (General train environmental requirements)

UK Rail Approvals VAB / RSAB / HMRI / EMC Operator and owner engineering change procedures Supplier accreditation

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Retrofit installation vs. New build

Retro New Build

Limited camera locations Lighting / window issues Limited power supply Expensive and labour intensive

Opportunity to design interior and CCTV

together

Opportunity for cameras in central

locations

Opportunity for highest value installation

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Operational and functional Requirements What are the Operators needs?

Location of recorder housing and how many? What trigger inputs for special event recording? Downloading options? Viewing options on / off trains or both? Maintenance regimes

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Legal requirements
Ensure the defence team cannot question the integrity of the recorded
image in any way. This means: Images are very clear Innocent people are protected Signs showing that CCTV is operational Images have been securely stored and not tampered with Audit trail) All images time and date stamped (GPS even better) All equipment is well maintained CCTV operator knows how to respond to request for information (Data Protection Act) Think hard before considering dummy cameras

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Conclusion The sole purpose of CCTV on trains is to capture and

reproduce clear moving images of people getting on trains, using the train, getting off trains, referenced to a time, date and (ideally) location base.

Any compromise in picture quality compromises the whole

system and its usability.

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References

Angel Trains On-Trains CCTV guidance Document 2004 Digital Images As Evidence The United Kingdom Parliament, House of Lords, Science and Technology, Fifth Report 03 February 1998. Data protection Act 1998 CCTV Small User Checklist 27 June 2002

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