LTE/LTE-A SON

(for Femtocells)

Mischa Dohler CTTC,Spain ManuelPalmowski &Dimitri Marandin mimoOn,Germany

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SystemDegreesofFreedom[1/2]

DegreesofFreedom(DOF)/Area:
newsystemDOF=oldsystemDOFx2030 newsystemdensity=oldsystemdensityx4 newDOF/km2=oldDOF/km2x100

1E+12 1E+10 00000000 1000000 10000 100 1 GSM CELLULAR+WIFI+FEMTO CELLULAR+WIFI CELLULAR

EDGE

UMTS

HSPA

LTE

LTEA

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SystemDegreesofFreedom[2/2]

Withfemtocells,theDOF increasessignificantly!

[presented by Interdigital: Globecom11 IWM2M, Houston]

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LikelihoodofFailure/Outage

ImportantHighLevelInsides:
DOF/areaincreases failures/outagesincrease:
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0951832004000031]

lossinrevenueifnothingdone,and/or verycostlyifaddressedbyhumanlabour
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ImportanceofSON

PreviouslyManualProcesses:
reducemanualinterventionfordeploymentsavings automaterepetitiveprocesses examples:automaticplanning&selfconfiguration

TooFast/ComplexProcesses:
improveruntimeoperationbasedonrealtimedata automateoptimizationofcriticalnetworkelements example:selfoptimization&selfhealing

SONautomation,however,isnotnewbutrathera furtherevolutionofpriorautomationefforts
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ElementsofSON

ImportantElements:
elementsofautonomous elementsofdistributed elementsofintelligent/cognitive elementsofoptimality

SONSON:
despitelargeDOF,SONhastobe(closeto)optimal sinceitmakesnosensetohaveasystemwithamazing componentswhichhoweverunderperformsduetopoor management

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SONinCellularNetworks

Automated Planning Planning Self Configuration Deployment Self Optimisation Self Healing
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Optimisation/ Maintenance

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PresentationOverview

1.SONinNGMN&3GPPLTE 2.SONArchitecturalElements 3.3GPPSONFeatures 4.3GPPSONFunctionalDetails 5.Conclusions

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1.SONinNGMN&3GPPLTE

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NGMNsInputToSON

NextGenerationMobileNetworks (NGMN)Alliance:
createdin2006bygroupofoperators business requirementsdriven oftenbasedonusecases ofdaily networkingroutines

NGMNandSON:
SONinputto3GPPsince2006 10SONusecaseshavebeendefined (seeright)whichinputto3GPPRx QoS SONislikelytoappearshortly
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3GPPHighLevelStructure

Management!
maintenance/ development ofGSM/GPRS/ EDGERAN maintenance/ development ofUMTS/HSPA/ LTERAN system architecture,service capabilities,codecs (inc. EPC) CNinterfaces, protocols, interworking,IMS, terminals,SIM
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SONin3GPPLTERelease8

3GPPR8isabouteNB selfconfiguration:
automaticneighbor relation automaticphysicalcellID(PCI)assignment automaticinventory automaticsoftwaredownload

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SONin3GPPLTERelease9

3GPPR9isaboutnetworkoptimizationprocedures:
mobilityrobustnessandhandoveroptimization RACHoptimization loadbalancingoptimization intercellinterferencecoordination(ICIC)

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SONin3GPPLTEARelease10

3GPPR10isaboutoverlaidnetworks:
coverage&capacityoptimization enhancedICIC celloutagedetectionandcompensation selfhealingfunctions minimizedrivetest energysavings
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SONin3GPPLTEARelease11

3GPPR11willbeaboutheterogeneousnetworks:
automatednetworkmanagement troubleshooting multilayer,multiRATheterogeneousnetworks amongotherissues

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3GPPSONStatus ANR

Rel8

Rel9
MLB,MRO,RACH

Rel10
MLB,MRO,CCO

PCI_Sel.

RAN

EnergySaving(ES) MinimizeDriveTest(MDT) PCI_Selection EnergySaving

SA5
ANR=AutomaticNeighborRelation PCI=PhysicalCellID MLB=MobileLoadBalancing MRO=MobilityRobustnessOpt. RACH=RandomAccessChannel CCO=Capacity&CoverageOpt.
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MDT SelfHealing SONMgmt

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2.SONArchitecturalElements

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SONArchitectureApproaches[1/2]

LevelsofSONExecution:
localised:autonomousSON executionbasedonpurelylocal informationat(H)eNB &UE distributed:autonomousSON executionbasedoninformation exchangedwithneighbouring (H)eNB (eg viaX2interface) centralized:decisiontaking basedon(fairlycomplete) systeminformation(eg at NM/DM/EMlevels) hybrid:anymixtureofabove
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NM SON DM/EM SON DM/EM SON

SON

X2

NM=NetworkManagement DM=DeviceManagement EM=ElementManagement

SON
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SONArchitectureApproaches[2/2]

centralizeddistributed

localised

hybrid

KPI=KeyPerformanceIndicator
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KeyTimeIntervals

ForCentralised SON,timingisimportant:
CollectionInterval:timeperiodduringwhichstatistics anddataarecollected;limitedbyvendorsOAM bandwidth;typical5min(i.e.notatschedulinglevel!) AnalysisInterval:timeperiodneededtodrawdecision; typicallyseveralcollectionintervals(filteringeffectby consideringalsopriordatahistory) ChangeInterval:timeperiodbetweenexecutingthe changesinthenetwork;typicallylimitedbysystems operationalconstraints

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ImportantSONTradeOffs

faster&lesspronetosinglepointoffailure infofromnumberofcells/RATs

Centralised
multiplecells longtermstatistics usesOAM multivendor/multi RAT

Distributed
normallyca.2cells usesX2 multivendor(X2)

Localised
adv.RRM smallimpactonncells shorttermstatistics

selfconfiguration coverageoptimisation (loadbalancing)

handoveropt. loadbalancing RACHopt

scheduleropt Linkadapt.opt RACHopt

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CoordinatedSONModel
verydifficult tostandardise: lotsofdifferentwaysto implementaSONfunctionare possible e.g.loadbalancing(LB)done atNMlevelbuthandover(HO) optimizationdoneateNB level andbothwant toadjustthesame parameterineNB practicalwayaround today: iffunctionatNMlevel, configureisstandardised ateNB levelnotstandardised currentlyprimary&secondary targetsaredefined
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decisiontaking

management

feedback

execution

[basedonS5102029]
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BeFEMTO HeNB Architecture

Management Functions Perform. Mgmt FaultDiag. Probe Security LocalNetw ElemAgent Network Functions Local Location Mgmt. Routing GeoSublayer MAC PHY S1/X2/Type1C/Rt /Lminterfaces Network/MgmtFunctions ProtocolStacks PHY RF Uu /Uninterfaces RadioFunctions BB NMM SOAP RPC HTTPS EAP AKA IKEv2 TCP/ UDP S1AP/ X2AP GTPU SCTP UDP RLC MAC Scheduler PDCP RRC SON Enabling Functions Positioning Coverage Estimation Network Sync Context Learning

network

users
RadioSON Coordinator SORRIM SO-RRIM Sub-functions Energy Saving Mobility Control Load Balancing Admission Control

TCP

IP/IPsec

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3.3GPPSONFeatures

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SONinCellularNetworks

Automated Planning Planning Self Configuration Deployment Self Optimisation Self Healing
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Optimisation/ Maintenance

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SONFunctions(NGMN&3GPP)
Automated Planning SelfOptimisation

Self Configuration SelfHealing

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AutomatedPlanning

Fromtrial&errortoplanningautomation:

[ICTMOMENTUM]
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SelfConfiguration

ImportantSelfConfigurationFunctions:
authentication addressallocation secureOAMtunnelsetup SWinstallation inventorymanagement transportparameterssetup radioparameterssetup selftest

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SelfOptimisation 3GPP
AutomaticNeighbourRelation MobilityRobustness/HandoverOptimisation (Mobility)LoadBalancing RACHOptimisation CoverageandCapacityOptimisation EnergySaving InterferenceCoordination HeNBSON

additionalfromSocrates/NGMN(notdiscus)
QoS Optimisation(advancedRRM) Scheduler admissioncontrol congestioncontrol linklevel/L2/HARQretx/MIMOparameters
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SelfHealing

ImportantSelfConfigurationFunctions:
failurerecovery celloutagecompensation

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4.3GPPSONFunctionalDetails

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eNB SelfConfiguration(Rel.8)

Benefits:
reductionofmanuallabour fasterandcheapernetworkdeployment

Description:
detecttransportlink&establishconnection download&upgradesoftware setupinitialconfigurationparameters performselftest gointooperationalmode

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Benefits:
keepingcentralizedneighborhoodtablesisimpossible automatingthisisoneofthemostimportantSONfeatures

Description:
keepupdatedneighborcell (ncell)tablethroughUE obtainECGI&IPviaMME tocommunicatetotargeteNB
ECGI=EUTRANCellGlobalIdentifier OAM=OperatingAdministration&Maintenance MME=MobilityManagementEntity RRC=RadioResourceControler TCI=TargetCellIdentifier
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PCISelection(Rel 8/9)

Planned/CentralisedPCI
directvalueisassigned(3x168=504intotalonly!)

SON/DistributedPCIselection
arangeofPCIs isgiven

eNBwillnotselectcellIDsthatare
reportedbyUEs reportedovertheX2interface(notforHeNB asofnow) acquiredthroughNWlistenmode(willnotcatchall)

selectPCIvaluerandomlyfromtheremainingPCIs PCIcollisions:>1eNB seeingeachotherchoosesameID

PCI=PhysicalCellID
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PCISelection Collisions

PCIcollisionprobabilitydependsonthenumberofPCIs availableforsuchcells PCIreportedbelongstotwodifferentECGI Collisionrecovery

500nonmacroeNBs (e.g.HeNBs)droppedrandomlyineachmacroeNB [R3091018]
Number of PCIs available for non-macro eNBs Percentage of UEs observing collision of PCIs with random PCI allocation Percentage of UEs observing collision of PCIs with random PCI allocation plus downlink receiver (sensitivity at -6 dB) 12.2% 2.6% 1.3% 0.7% Percentage of UEs observing collision of PCIs with random PCI allocation plus downlink receiver (sensitivity at -8 dB) 11.7% 2.4% 1.2% 0.6%

10 50 100 200

15.2% 3.3% 1.7% 0.9%

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MRO(Rel9,extRel10)

MobilityRobustnessOptimization(MRO)because Handovers(HOs)betweensame(intra)anddifferent (inter)radioaccesstechnologies(RATs)cangoverywrong:

too latehandover (HO): too early intraRATHO: wrong cell intraRATHO:

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MRO(Rel9,extRel10) MobilityRobustnessOptimization
detectradiolinkconnectionfailuresduetobeingtooearly,toolate handoversorhandovertowrongcells causedbynotoptimisedintra/interRAThandoverparameters alsousedforoptimisingidlemodecellreselectionparameters

UEsendsRadioLinkFailure(RLF)measurementreporttoeNB whereUEdidreestablishment OptimisedforRel10tousealsoConnectionRequest

tooearlyhandover

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MRO (Rel9,ext Rel10)

OAM monitorKPIs,alarms: config target:

Rateoffailuresrelatedto HO NrofHOevents NrofHOfailures NroftooearlyHO

eNB MRO Mobility Control

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RRMconfig examples:
TriggerThreshold TimetoTrigger HysteresisagainstPingPong Speed&NeighbourParam. ElectricAntennaTilt
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MLB(Rel9) MobilityLoadBalancing
Distributecellloadevenlyamongcellsor Transferpartoftraffictoothercellssothatradioresourcesremainhighly utilized Optimisationofmobilityparametersorhandoveractions Alsoincludessettingofcellreselectionmodeforidlemodebalancing

LoadReporting
theradioresourceusage (UL/DLPRBusage) HWandTNLload indicator(UL/DLload:low,mid,high,overload) acellcapacity classindicatorandcapacityvalue(UL/DL)

PRB=PhysicalResourceBlock TNL=TransportNetworkLayer HW=Hardware UL=uplink DL=Downlink RAB=RadioAccessBearer(nextslide)

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MLB ActiveModeLB

OAM
config target:
RABsetupfailurerateduetoload RateoffailuresrelatedtoHO

monitorKPIs,alarms:
NrRABsetupfailureduetoload TotalnrofRABsetupfailure

Target eNB

ServingeNB
LOADINFO MOBILITYCHANGE
targetcellisinformed proposedsourcecell change proposalfortargetcell change

RRMconfig
HOTrigger /+10dB (incr/reduce timeuntilHO decision)

MLB Mobility Control

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RACHoptimisation (Rel 9) Optimisesthe(P)RACHconfigurationaccesstointernal measurementsandaccesstofeedbackfromUEs(viaRRC)and fromother(H)eNBs ThesettingofRACHparametersthatcanbeoptimizedare:

RACHconfiguration(resourceunitallocation),preamblegroupssplit, backoff,powercontrol

UEswhichreceiveUEInformationRequest shallfeedback: NumberofRACHpreamblessentuntilthesuccessfulRACH completion(indicationofqualityoflink) Contentionresolutionfailure(indicationofcellload) X2allowstoexchangeRACHconfig betweeneNBs Rel 10OAMpolicytargets:AccessProbabilityandAccessDelay Probability
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Min.DriveTests(R10procedure) Performsloggingofavailablemeasurementstogetherwith locationandtimeforloggedmeasurementconfiguredUEs Types:Immediateandloggedmeasurements Immediatemeasurements(UEoptionalFFS) Reusesnormalmeasurementswithadditionoflocation EnhancementofRLFReporttoincludelocation Idlemodeloggedmeasurements(UEoptional) Input:duration,interval,cellidsand/ortrackingareas Time,Location,Cellid,scell/ncell RSRP/Q Add.eNBmeas:eNBRIPandCQIunderdisc,+PHRandULSINR MDTactivationviaOAMpercell/region(notreusedatHO) S1UEspecifictraceactivation(canbecont.onHO)
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CoverageandCapacityOpt(Rel10)

Coveragedefinition
coveragehole(shouldcoverULalso)
unsuccessfulRXofDLcontrolchannelsandsignallingradiobearers differentcontrolchannelshavetobeoptimisedjointly

weakcoverage:celledgeusers,minimumservicerate notreached

Typesofcoverageholes
otherRATs/noradio,coveragetoosmall/toolarge

CCOdetectionusingMDT/MRO
Inputs:UEmeasurements,Performancemeasurements, alarms Outputs:powercontrol,antennatilt,azimuth

Capacity&Coverageimprovements
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EnergySaving
Optimiseenergyconsumption:acellprovidingadditionalcapacitycanbe switchedoffwhenitscapacityisnolongerneededandtobereactivated whenneeded Thedecisiontypicallybasedoncellloadinformation PeereNBs areabouttheswitchoffovertheX2interface(eNB ConfigurationUpdateprocedure) InformedeNBs keepthecellconfig whenacellisoffandmayrequestre activationifneeded(X2:CellActivationprocedure) Howtoselecttocorrectcelltoswitchon? TheoperatorscanconfigureESfunction:
enable/disableES OAMpoliciesforswitchoffandreactivation

open
interRAT,overlaidintereNBsavings solutionstocapacitylimitedscenarioofintereNBenergysaving ESinnetworksharing
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5.Conclusions

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SONConclusions

BenefitsofSON:
reductionofhumanintervention realtimeoptimizationofnetwork significantCAPEX&OPEXsavings!

NGMN&3GPP:
importantSONfeaturesstandardised from R8R11 focus shifting from autoplanning &selfconfiguration towards selfoptimization andselfhealing most important SONfeatures have been discussed inthis presentation whereas concreteembodiments ofSONcomeslater today
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