Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Modal
MUST, HAVE TO, SHOULD,
Verbs
OUGHT TO, CAN, NEEDNT
A. Choose the correct alternatives. 1. People can / have to be fit if they want to climb high mountains. 2. In my opinion, you have to / should do a less violent sport, like table tennis. 3. We neednt / mustnt take any food with us because well be back by lunchtime. 4. I can / ought to train more often, but I dont have time. 5. The club rules say that you ought to / have to be 18 to join. 6. You neednt / mustnt close your eyes when you dive into the swimming pool because you might hit somebody. 7. My grandmother can / ought to still swim 1000 metres. Shes amazing! B. Complete the sentences with the modal verbs. Use CAN, HAVE TO, MUSTNT, NEEDNT, SHOULD OR SHOULDNT. 1. The views from the mountain top will be wonderful, so I think you _______________ take your camera. 2. You ______________ go into the water because the current is too strong. Its very dangerous. 3. You _________________ obtain a special permit to climb in China or you wont be allowed to climb. 4. In my opinion, you ____________________ swim so soon after eating your lunch. 5. I ___________________ fly planes now because Ive finished my flying lessons. 6. You ___________________ take a coat with you because it will be hot today.
F. Complete the text with the past forms of the modal verbs. Use COULD, COULDNT,HAD TO or SHOULD HAVE.
It was a beautiful morning when Rob and I went down into the caves to explore. At first we walked, but soon the cave became smaller, and we 1. _________________ (crawl) along on our hands and knees. We continued, but the water in the cave was rising. Soon the water was up to our necks, and we 2. ___________________ (keep) our heads up to breathe. Suddenly, my torch went out. I knew that the battery was low. I3. __________________ (recharge) it before we left, but Id forgotten. Then, Rob saw that the tunnel ahead of us was completely under water. We were in a difficult situation. We 4. _____________________ (not turn back) because the cave was too narrow, so we decided to continue. We 5. ___________________ (hold) our breath, dive down and swim along the tunnel. Finally we arrived in a large cave and we 6. ____________________ (breathe) all the air we wanted. We were safe at last!
G. Complete the sentences. Use MIGHT HAVE, MUST HAVE or CANT HAVE, and the correct form of the verb. 1. Hes slimmer. He ______________________ (start) eating less and exercising more. 2. Theyre not smiling. They ______________________ (understand) the joke. 3. Ryan is looking very happy about his exam results. He ________________________ (pass)! 4. I like your engagement ring. It _________________________ (cost) a lot of money. 5. Its one oclock but my watch still says half past eleven. It _____________________ (stop). 6. I dont know where my sunglasses are. I _________________________ (leave) them at home, or maybe at school. H. Rewrite the sentences. Use MIGHT HAVE , MUST HAVE or CANT HAVE.
C a v e
f r i g h t
1. Perhaps the programme on Channel 4 was better than the one we watched on Channel 5. The programme on Channel 4 might have been better than the one we watched on Channel 5.
1. Its impossible that you saw Hannah with Rachels boyfriend. -__________________________________________________________________________ 2. Im certain that there was a good reason why the show was cancelled. -__________________________________________________________________________ 3. Its possible that you left your coat in the club. -__________________________________________________________________________ 4. Im certain that the children werent disappointed with the circus. -__________________________________________________________________________ 5. Im sure David wasnt at the library this morning because it was closed. -__________________________________________________________________________ 6. Ive met that boy before, but Im not sure. -__________________________________________________________________________
I. Think about each situation. Write sentences about what MAY, MIGHT, COULD, MUST or CANT HAVE happened.
1. The traffic lights have changed to green. The first car still hasnt moved and the driver is examining the engine. =The car must have broken down.
2. You cant find your wallet anywhere. You think you last saw it at home, or perhaps at your friends house. -__________________________________________________________________________ 3. A boy is in a three-hour exam. Theres only one hour left and he still hasnt written anything. -__________________________________________________________________________ 4. A girl has just had her exam results. Shes not smiling. -__________________________________________________________________________ 5. A young couple went to a club together. Now the boy cant find the girl, and her coat isnt there, either. -__________________________________________________________________________ 6. People are coming out of the cinema. They are all laughing. -__________________________________________________________________________ 7. A young couple have just come out of a church. They are smiling and waving at everybody. -__________________________________________________________________________ J. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs. CATCH CHANGE GIVE TELL TURN 1. You should be honest and always ____________________ the truth. 2. If you stand there in the rain you will __________________ a cold. 3. I ___________________ the key and opened the door. 4. Chris __________________ me a joke which was so funny that I couldnt stop laughing. 5. If you go to the station now, you might be in time to ________________ the train to Manchester. 6. I ___________________ my best friend some advise and she did what I suggested. 7. He __________________ his young children a story to help them go to sleep. 8. When I mentioned the money he owed me, he ____________________ the subject and started talking about the weather. 9. When youve finished Chapter 1 in your books, ____________________ the page and begin Chapter 2. 10. First I wanted to buy the red sweater, but then I _________________ my mind and bought the green one. 11. At first I couldnt find Kirsty, but then I ________________ the corner into Bridge Road and she was there. 12. My parents have to ____________________ permission for me to go on the school trip.
1.
O. Rewrite the sentences. Use MIGHT HAVE , MUST HAVE or CANT HAVE . 1. Im sure that the film was very funny. They went to see it twice. -__________________________________________________________________________ 2. Its possible that they missed the plane. -__________________________________________________________________________ 3. Im sure that Jack didnt win the race. Hes very unfit. -__________________________________________________________________________ 4. Perhaps you left your wallet at home. -__________________________________________________________________________ 5. Its impossible that you saw Helen. Shes in New York. -__________________________________________________________________________ 6. Im sure that you dropped your ticket. -__________________________________________________________________________ 7. Maybe Chris decided not to come. -__________________________________________________________________________ 8. Im sure that they didnt like the music. They didnt dance all night. -__________________________________________________________________________ 9. Perhaps he didnt call her to meet again. -__________________________________________________________________________ 10. Im certain that he hurt himself when he fell. -__________________________________________________________________________ PLEASE, TRY TO USE MODAL VERBS IN YOUR COMPOSITIONS, OK?
Modal
MUST, HAVE TO,
KEY ANSWERS
SHOULD, OUGHT TO,
Verbs
CAN, NEEDNT
A. Choose the correct alternatives. 1. People can / have to be fit if they want to climb high mountains. 2. In my opinion, you have to / should do a less violent sport, like table tennis. 3. We neednt / mustnt take any food with us because well be back by lunchtime. 4. I can / ought to train more often, but I dont have time. 5. The club rules say that you ought to / have to be 18 to join. 6. You neednt / mustnt close your eyes when you dive into the swimming pool because you might hit somebody. 7. My grandmother can / ought to still swim 1000 metres. Shes amazing! B. Complete the sentences with the modal verbs. Use CAN, HAVE TO, MUSTNT, NEEDNT, SHOULD OR SHOULDNT. 1. The views from the mountain top will be wonderful, so I think you should take your camera. 2. You MUSTNT go into the water because the current is too strong. Its very dangerous. 3. You HAVE TO obtain a special permit to climb in China or you wont be allowed to climb. 4. In my opinion, you SHOULDNT swim so soon after eating your lunch. 5. I CAN fly planes now because Ive finished my flying lessons. 6. You NEEDNT take a coat with you because it will be hot today.
F. Complete the text with the past forms of the modal verbs. Use COULD, COULDNT,HAD TO or SHOULD HAVE.
It was a beautiful morning when Rob and I went down into the caves to explore. At first we walked, but soon the cave became smaller, and we 1. COULDNT CRAWL (crawl) along on our hands and knees. We continued, but the water in the cave was rising. Soon the water was up to our necks, and we 2. HAD TO KEEP (keep) our heads up to breathe. Suddenly, my torch went out. I knew that the battery was low. I 3. SHOULD HAVE RECHARGED (recharge) it before we left, but Id forgotten. Then, Rob saw that the tunnel ahead of us was completely under water. We were in a difficult situation. We 4. COULDNT TURN BACK (not turn back) because the cave was too narrow, so we decided to continue. We 5. HAD TO HOLD (hold) our breath, dive down and swim along the tunnel. Finally we arrived in a large cave and we 6. COULD BREATHE (breathe) all the air we wanted. We were safe at last!
G. Complete the sentences. Use MIGHT HAVE, MUST HAVE or CANT HAVE, and the correct form of the verb. 1. Hes slimmer. He MIGHT HAVE STARTED (start) eating less and exercising more. 2. Theyre not smiling. They CANT HAVE UNDERSTOOD (understand) the joke. 3. Ryan is looking very happy about his exam results. He MUST HAVE PASSED (pass)! 4. I like your engagement ring. It MUST HAVE COST (cost) a lot of money. 5. Its one oclock but my watch still says half past eleven. It MUST HAVE STOPPED (stop). 6. I dont know where my sunglasses are. I MIGHT HAVE LEFT (leave) them at home, or maybe at school. H. Rewrite the sentences. Use MIGHT HAVE , MUST HAVE or CANT HAVE.
C a v e
f r i g h t
1. Perhaps the programme on Channel 4 was better than the one we watched on Channel 5. The programme on Channel 4 might have been better than the one we watched on Channel 5.
1. Its impossible that you saw Hannah with Rachels boyfriend. -You cant have seen Hannah with Rachels boyfriend. 2. Im certain that there was a good reason why the show was cancelled. -There must have been a good reason why the show was cancelled. 3. Its possible that you left your coat in the club. - You might have left your coat in the club. 4. Im certain that the children werent disappointed with the circus. -The children cant have been disappointed with the circus. 5. Im sure David wasnt at the library this morning because it was closed. -David cant have been at the library this morning because it was closed. 6. Ive met that boy before, but Im not sure. - I might have met that boy before.
I. Think about each situation. Write sentences about what MAY, MIGHT, COULD, MUST or CANT HAVE happened.
1. The traffic lights have changed to green. The first car still hasnt moved and the driver is examining the engine. =The car must have broken down.
2. You cant find your wallet anywhere. You think you last saw it at home, or perhaps at your friends house. -I might have left my wallet at home or at my best friends house. 3. A boy is in a three-hour exam. Theres only one hour left and he still hasnt written anything. - He cant have studied anything for the exam. 4. A girl has just had her exam results. Shes not smiling. -The girl may have failed her exam. 5. A young couple went to a club together. Now the boy cant find the girl, and her coat isnt there, either. -The girl cant have been interested in that boy. 6. People are coming out of the cinema. They are all laughing. - They must have watched a funny film. 7. A young couple have just come out of a church. They are smiling and waving at everybody. - They must have got married. J. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs. CATCH CHANGE GIVE TELL TURN 1. You should be honest and always TELL the truth. 2. If you stand there in the rain you will CATCH a cold. 3. I CHANGED the key and opened the door. 4. Chris TOLD me a joke which was so funny that I couldnt stop laughing. 5. If you go to the station now, you might be in time to CATCH the train to Manchester. 6. I GAVE my best friend some advise and she did what I suggested. 7. He TELLS his young children a story to help them go to sleep. 8. When I mentioned the money he owed me, he TURNED the subject and started talking about the weather. 9. When youve finished Chapter 1 in your books, TURN the page and begin Chapter 2. 10. First I wanted to buy the red sweater, but then I CHANGED my mind and bought the green one. 11. At first I couldnt find Kirsty, but then I TURNED / CAUGHT the corner into Bridge Road and she was there. 12. My parents have to GIVE permission for me to go on the school trip.
O. Rewrite the sentences. Use MIGHT HAVE , MUST HAVE or CANT HAVE . 1. Im sure that the film was very funny. They went to see it twice. - The film must have been very funny. 2. Its possible that they missed the plane. - They might have missed the plane. 3. Im sure that Jack didnt win the race. Hes very unfit. - He cant have won the race, hes very unfit. 4. Perhaps you left your wallet at home. - You might have left your wallet at home. 5. Its impossible that you saw Helen. Shes in New York. - You cant have seen Helen, shes in NY. 6. Im sure that you dropped your ticket. - You must have dropped your ticket. 7. Maybe Chris decided not to come. - Chris might have decided not to come. 8. Im sure that they didnt like the music. They didnt dance all night. - They cant have like the music. 9. Perhaps he didnt call her to meet again. - He might not have called her to meet again. 10. Im certain that he hurt himself when he fell. - He must have hurt himself when he fell.