ELECTIVE COURSES The following 5-credit courses are offered.

For information on prerequisites and requirements, please refer to the Educational Opportunities Handbook. Advanced Algebra/Trigonometry (Standard): As an alternative to Precalculus, this course provides students with a strong foundation for more advanced work around algebraic functions, their relationships, properties, and graphs. It also has a greater emphasis on trigonometry, matrices, and networks. Precalculus (Standard & Honors): This course presents a comprehensive study of trigonometric, logarithmic, and exponential functions, and includes more advanced study around complex numbers, mathematical induction, matrices, vectors, sequences, and series, and data distributions. Calculus (Honors & Advanced Placement): This course provides a theoretical foundation in the treatment of functions, graphs, limits, derivatives, and integrals. The AP level will include additional topics and preparation for the AP exam. Computer Programming (Honors): This course provides students with an intensive hands-on investigation of the object-oriented programming language C++, and covers syntax, program design, and programming algorithms. Functions, loops, strings, arrays, and various searching and sorting techniques will also be discussed. Explorations in Computer Programming (Standard) This course provides an introduction to the development of computer programming techniques using several programming languages including Scratch and Python. Students will analyze problem descriptions and design programming solutions using common problem-solving techniques, locate and correct errors in programs and create appropriate program documentation. Probability & Statistics (Standard): An alternative to Precalculus or Adv. Alg/Trig, this course presents an introductory study of a variety of topics in probability (e.g. rules, randomness, sampling, normal distribution), and investigates different statistical methods using authentic data. Topics in Discrete Mathematics (Standard): This course provides students the opportunity to use discrete models to interpret data, make inferences, and solve problems that answer questions to real situations. They will determine reasonableness and evaluate mathematical representations of real-world situations. Topics include graph theory, linear programming, combinatorics, arithmetic & geometric growth, statistical modeling, iteration and recursion, voting theory, fair division, symmetry & tessellations, finance, and more.

COURSE SEQUENCE OPTIONS

MEDFORD PUBLIC SCHOOLS Medford, MA 02155 DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS ESSENTIAL LEARNINGS GRADES 9-12

See the course flowchart in the Educational Opportunity Handbook for course sequence options. Most common sequences are as follows: Algebra 1 Geometry Algebra 2 Optional Elective Or Geometry Algebra 2 Pre Calculus Calculus

The following 2-credit mathematics courses are offered:

MCAS Mathematics Review: Prep for MCAS exam SAT Mathematics Prep: Prep for SAT exam Algebra Challenge: Support for Algebra 1

For additional information on the curriculum, instructional or assessment programs of the Mathematics Department, contact Carolyn Joy, Director at 781 393-2214.

Medford Public Schools Http//www.medford.k12.ma.us Department of Secondary and Elementary Education Http://www.doe.mass.edu

This guide provides an overview of what secondary school students should know and be able to do at the end of each core mathematics course. The Medford Public Schools is committed to providing all students with the academic and problem-solving skills essential for personal development, responsible citizenship, and life-long learning. The curriculum goals for the Department of Mathematics are as follows: Provide all students with a high-quality mathematics program that is aligned with state and national standards. Develop high standards and expectations for all students, and support them in achieving mathematical power through problem solving, reasoning, communication, representation, and connections. Develop mathematical ideas in ways that balance the development of conceptual understanding and procedural knowledge, and increase students confidence. Integrate technology (e.g. graphing calculators, computers) into the teaching, learning, and assessment of mathematics. Measure student learning through multiple forms of assessment, including MCAS. Roy Belson, Superintendent of Schools 781 393-2442 Beverly Nelson, Deputy Superintendent 781 393-2364 Dr. Paul Krueger, Headmaster MHS 781 393-2301 William Mahoney, Director MVTHS 781 393-2260 MEDFORD SCHOOL COMMITTEE Mayor Michael McGlynn Ann Marie Cugno Erin DiBenedetto John Falco Robert E. Skerry George Scarpelli Paulette Van der Kloot

ALGEBRA 1: Through problem solving, reasoning, communication, representation, and connections, students. Number Sense and Operations: Use the properties of operations on real numbers; identify and compute within the real number system and the subsets of real numbers. Use estimation to judge reasonableness of results of computations and of solutions to problems. Simplify expressions; solve problems involving absolute value, square and cube roots, and exponents. Patterns, Relations and Algebra: Describe, analyze, generalize, and create a variety of numeric and geometric patterns. Simplify and evaluate expressions; solve linear equation and inequalities; find the linear equation describing a line from a graph or geometric description. Recognize and describe functions translating among tables, graphs, rules, and words; use technology as appropriate. Model and demonstrate facility in symbolic manipulation of polynomial and rational expressions to simplify expressions and solve equations. Find solutions to quadratic equations with real roots by factoring. Solve everyday problems that can be modeled using linear and non-linear functions. Solve everyday problems that can be modeled using systems of equations and inequalities. Geometry: Apply ratios to scaling problems, find the distance between two points. Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to the solution of problems. Measurement: Understand measurable attributes of objects and the units, systems, and processes of measurement. Data Analysis, Statistics, and Probability: Select, create, and interpret an appropriate graphical representation for a set of data and use the appropriate statistics to communicate information, develop and evaluate inferences, and make predictions that are based on data. Approximate the line of best fit; solve problems involving the line of best fit. Apply basic probability concepts.

GEOMETRY: Through problem solving, reasoning, communication, representation, and connections, students Number Sense and Operations: Apply operations with powers, roots, and absolute value to the solution of problems; simplify radicals. Use estimation to judge the reasonableness of results of computations and solutions to geometry problems. Patterns, Relations and Algebra: Describe, complete extend, analyze, and create a variety of geometric patterns. Use properties of the real number system to prove or disprove statements, and to justify steps in a sequential argument. Find a linear equation describing a line from a geometric description of the line (e.g. perpendicular, parallel). Apply formulas for a rectangular coordinate system (e.g. distance, midpoint, point-slope, slope-intercept); apply the results to the solution of problems. Geometry: Recognize polygons; apply properties of sides, angles, and diagonals; detect symmetries. Use logical processes to test mathematical conjectures and write simple proofs. Apply congruence and similarity correspondences; draw congruent and similar figures using a compass, straightedge, protractor and/or technology. Apply properties of angles, parallel lines, arcs, radii, chords, tangents, and secants to solve problems. Use properties of special triangles to solve problems; apply Pythagorean Theorem, triangle inequality and other inequalities associated with triangles. Draw the results and interpret transformations on figures in the coordinate plane. Visualize solid figures and recognize their projections, cross sections, and 2-D nets. Measurement: Calculate perimeter, circumference and area of plane figures. Given the formula, find the lateral area, surface area, and volume of prisms, pyramids, spheres, cylinders, and cones. Relate changes in measurement of attribute of an object to changes in other attributes. Data Analysis, Statistics, and Probability: Represent geometric data in tables, charts, and graphs; form generalizations.

ALGEBRA 2: Through problem solving, reasoning, communication, representation, and connections, students Number Sense and Operations: Define, identify, and perform computations with complex numbers; relate the system of complex numbers to the systems of real and rational numbers. Simplify numerical and variable expressions with powers, roots, absolute value, and rational numbers. Patterns, Relations and Algebra: Identify and use the properties of arithmetic and geometric sequences and finite arithmetic and geometric series to solve problems. Identify and describe families of functions from their symbolic, tabular, verbal, and graphic representations. Write, graph, and solve problems involving linear, exponential, quadratic, rational, and polynomial, functions, absolute values and square roots. Solve problems involving quadratic relations by factoring, finding square roots, completing the square, and using quadratics. Solve a variety of equations and inequalities using algebraic, graphical and numeric methods. Solve systems of equations and inequalities using a variety of methods (e.g. substitution, elimination, graphing, matrices). Identify maximum and minimum values of functions and apply to the solution of problems. Perform operations on functions. Geometry: Specify locations and describe spatial relationships using coordinate geometry. Define sine, cosine, and tangent of an acute angle; apply basic trigonometric identities and laws of sines and cosines. Measurement: Understand measurable attributes of objects and the units, systems, and processes of measurement. Use radian measures in the solution of problems. Data Analysis, Statistics, and Probability: Collect, interpret, and organize data in tables, matrices, and graphs; select appropriate models for a set of data and use appropriate statistics to analyze data. Use combinatorics to solve problems. Note: Standard and Honors levels of Geometry and Algebra 2 are available.