PROJECT WORK

1.1 Objective Most modern wireless communication system use Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) for proper utilization of frequency band. Recently, there has been some interest in alternative multiple access techniques based on the idea to utilize a number of carriers spreaded regularly over a frequency band, in such a way that each of them is modulated with just a small portion of the available energy. There are several ways to utilize the frequency band in a flexible way so that the available bandwidth is utilized to maximal efficiency. Some common multiple access schemes are Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Ultra Wide Band (UWB) System. These access techniques uses a small portion of available energy with low power spectral density, high data transmission rates, less inter-carrier interference and efficient use of bandwidth. The main cause of interference in OFDM and UWB system is channel fading, and all the errors are in transmission occurred due to effects of channel. So the objective is to study the performance of OFDM and UWB system in different channels such as additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and multipath fading channel on the basis of Bit Error Rate (BER). So due to performance analysis of the systems in different channels one can choose best system for efficient transmission or high data rate transmission. Each multiple access technique has its own features such as data transmission rate, bit error rate and efficient use of channel bandwidth. These features affect the performance of a system and channel plays an important role for these features. Because in some data transmission systems the data transmission rate is important and in some systems the efficient transmission is important. Data transmission rate and its efficient transmission depend upon the channel properties. So the different multiple access technique are analyzed on the basis of bit error rate (BER) to study that whether the system has high data rate or efficient transmission.

1.2. Work Methodology (a). System Modeling: First, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and ultra wide band (UWB) systems are modeled by using Simulink tool developed by The Math Works. Simulink is a software package that enables us to model, simulate, and analyze systems whose outputs change over time. Such systems are often referred to as dynamic systems. Simulating a dynamic system is a two-step process with Simulink. First, a user creates a block diagram, using the Simulink model editor that graphically depicts time-dependent mathematical relationships among the system's inputs, states,

and outputs. The user then commands Simulink to simulate the system represented by the model from a specified start time to a specified stop time.

(b). Analysis of Modulation Techniques: After the system modeling, analyze the systems with different modulation techniques such as quarature phase shift keying (QPSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), get the best suited modulation technique with lesser bit error rate (BER) with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and multipath fading channels.

(c). Analysis of Encoding Schemes: Then study the system with different encoding schemes such as Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC) and Reed Solomon (RS) encoding. Analyze the system with these encoding techniques to best encoding schemes with minimum BER.

(d). Redesign the System: Again model the system with best modulation and encoding schemes and analyze both orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and ultra wide band (UWB) systems with these techniques under the influence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and multipath fading channels.

Comparison of Systems: Then compare orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and ultra wide band (UWB) system on the basis of transmitted signal, received signal, scatter plots of received and transmitted signals and bit error rate (BER). Analyze that which system has high data transmission rate and efficient transmission. Because in some system high data transmission is required, while in others the efficient transmission is required. In this way OFDM and UWB systems are analyzed in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and multipath fading channels.