Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum

Project Work II (EC8P2) Report on

LINE FOLLOWING ROBOT

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement of VIII semester ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION Engineering by AMITHASH E. PRASAD (1GA01EC002) Under the guidance of Internal Guide B. N. Manjunatha Reddy Assistant Professor Dept. of E&C, GAT

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Global Academy of Technology, Bangalore-98

2005

GLOBAL ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY

(National Education Foundation)

Rajarajeshwari Nagar, Ideal Home Township, Off. Mysore Road, Bangalore 560098. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the project work entitled LINE FOLLOWING ROBOT carried out by Mr Amithash E, Prasad USN 1GA01EC002 a bonafide student of 8th Semester in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum, during the year 2005. It is certified that the corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the Report department library. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of project work prescribed for the said degree.

Signature of the Guide (B. N. Manjunatha Reddy)

Signature of the HOD (Prof.N. Narasimha Swamy) External Viva

Signature of the Principal (Dr.T.R.Seetharam)

Name of the Examiners 1.

Signature with date

2.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
An endeavor over long period can be successful only with advice and guidance of many well wishers. My sincere thanks to the management and Dr. T. S. Seetharam, principal, Global Academy of Technology, for providing me the opportunity to conduct my project work. I am highly indebted to N.Narasimha Swamy, H.O.D, Electronics & Communication Department, GAT for his assistance and constant source of encouragement. I wish to express my profound and deep sense of gratitude to H. S. Manjunatha Reddy, Assistant professor, Department of Electronics and Communication, Project Co-ordinator, for sparing his valuable time to extend help in every step of my project work. I whole heartedly express my thanks to, B. N. Manjunatha Reddy, Assistant Professor, Electronics & Communication Department, GAT for sparing time to go through every tiny detail and give his valuable suggestions to make this project and report a success. I would also like to thank the staff of E& C Dept for their generous guidance. Id like to thank Prof. A. J. Menon, Instrumentation department, IISC, Bangalore, for his valuable support and guidance throughout the project. Last but not the least we would like to thank our friends and family for their help in every way for the success of this project report. AMITHASH E. PRASAD

CONTENTS
1. SYNOPSIS. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 3.1 INTRODUCTION.... PROBLEM DEFINITION..... OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY. SCOPE OF STUDY. REVIEW OF LITERATURE.. APPLICATIONS......... LIMITATIONS.... METHODOLOGY... THE DIFFRENTIAL STEERING SYSTEM.. 01 03 04 04 05 05 06 06 07 09 10 11 14

2. PREAMBLE... 03

3. THEORY.... 09 3.2 D.C. MOTORS 33 H-BRIDGE MOTOR CONTROL... 34 INTELLIGENCE. 3.5

THE PIC 16F873 MICROCONTROLLER. 16 36 PWM SPEED CONTROL... 18

37 THE PICMICRO CCP MODULES. 18 4. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION. 22 4.1 SCHEMATIC.... 22 4.2 PROCESS EXPLANATION..... 35 4.3 FLOW CHART..... 37 4.4 CODE.... 40 4.5 CODE EXPLANATION... 51 55 58

5. RESULT & CONCLUSION.. 7. APPENDIX

6. BIBLIOGRAPHY.. 56

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