Computer Control Process-Unit I (IL 451)

1. What is a digital controller? A digital controller is a device introduced in the control system to modify the error signal for better control action. The digital controller can be a special purpose computer (microprocessor based system) or a general purpose computer or it is constructed using non-programmable digital devices. 2. Explain the terms sampling and sampler. Sampling is a process in which the continuous-time signal (or analog signal) is converted into a discrete-time signal by taking samples of the continuous time signal at discrete time instants. Sampler is a device which performs the process of sampling. 3. What is periodic sampling? The periodic sampling is a sampling process in which the discrete time signal or sequence is obtained by taking samples of continuous time signal periodically or uniformly at intervals of T seconds. Here T is called sampling period and 1/T = F s is called sampling frequency. 4. State Shanon's sampling theorem. Sampling theorem states that a band limited continuous-time signal with highest frequency fm, hertz can be uniquely recovered from its samples provided that the sampling rate Fs is greater than or equal to 2fm samples per second. 5. Write the advantages and disadvantages of sampled data control systems. Advantages of sampled data control system Systems are highly accurate, fast and flexible. Use of-time sharing concept of digital computer results in economical cost and space. Digital transducers used in the system have better resolution. The digital components are less affected by noise, non-linearities and transmission errors of noisy channel. Disadvantages of sampled data control system Conversion of analog signals to discrete-time signals and reconstruction introduce noise and errors in the signal. Additional filters have to be introduced in the system if the components of the system does not have adequate filtering characteristics. 6. What is sampled data control system? When the signal or information at any or some points in a system is in the form of discrete pulses, then the system is called discrete data system or sampled data system. 7. What are the advantages of digital controllers. The digital controllers can perform large and complex computation with any desired degree of accuracy at very high speed. The digital controllers are easily programmable and so they are more versatile

 Digital controllers have better resolution. 8. Compare the analog and digital controller. Analog controller Complex Costlier than digital controller Slow acting Non-programmable Separate controller should employed for each control signal Digital controller Simple Less costlier than analog controller Fast acting Programmable be A single controller can be used to control more than one signal on time shared basis

9. When the control system is called sampled data system? . The control system becomes a sampled data system in anyone of the following situations. When a digital computer or microprocessor or digital device is employed as a part of the control loop. When the control components are used on time sharing basis. When the control signals are transmitted by pulse modulation. When the output or input of a component in the system is digital or discrete signal. 10. Distinguish between discrete time systems and continuous time systems. The discrete time systems are devices or algorithm that can process discrete-time signals whereas the continuous time systems are devices that can process analog signals. The input and output signals of discrete-time systems are digital or discrete, but the input and output signals of continuous time systems are analog or continuous time signals. 11. What is meant by quantization? The process of converting a discrete-time continuous valued signal into a discrete time discrete valued signal is called quantization. In quantization the value of each signal sample is represented by a value selected from a finite set of possible values called quantization levels. 12. Define Acquisition time. In analog-to-digital conversion process, the Acquisition time is defined as the total time required for obtaining a signal sample and the time for quantizing and coding. It is also called conversion time. 13. Define Aperture time The duration of sampling the signal is called aperture time. 14. What is coding? The coding is the process of representing each discrete value by a n-bit binary sequence (or code or number). 15. What are hold circuits? Hold circuits are devices used to convert discrete time signals to continuous time signals.

16. What is zero-order hold. The zero-order hold is a hold circuit in which the signal-is reconstructed such that the value of reconstructed signal for a sampling period is same as the value of last received sample.

17. What is first-order hold? The first-order hold is a hold circuit in which the last two signal samples (current and previous sample) are used to reconstruct the signal for the current sampling period. The reconstructed signal will be a straight line in a sampling period, whose slope is determined by the current sample and previous sample. 18. Define settling time In digital-to-analog conversion process the settling time is defined as the time required for the output of the D/ A converter to reach and remain within a given fraction of the final value, after application of input code word. 19. What are the advantages of state space analysis? The state space analysis is applicable to any type of systems. They can be used for modeling and analysis of linear & non-linear systems, time invariant & time variant systems and multiple input & multiple output systems. The state space analysis can be performed with initial conditions. The variables used to represent the system can be any variables in the system. Using this analysis the internal states of the system at any time instant can be predicted. 20. What is state and state variable? The state is the condition of a system at any time instant, t. A set of variable which describes the state of the system at any time instant are called state variables. 21. What are the advantages of state space modeling using physical variable? The advantages of choosing the physical variable are the following, The state variable can be utilized for the purpose of feedback The implementation of design with state variable feedback becomes straight forward. The solution of state equation gives time variation of variables which have direct relevance to the physical system. 22. What are phase variables? The phase variables are defined as those particular state variables which are obtained from one of the

system variable and its derivatives. Usually the variable used is the system output and the remaining state variables are then derivatives of the output. 23. What is bush form or companion form of state model? In bush form or companion form of state model, the system matrix, A has all 1s in the upper offdiagonal and its last row is comprised of the negative of the coefficients of the original differential equation and all other elements are zero 24. What are the advantages in choosing phase variables for state space modeling? Using phase variables the system state model can be written directly by inspection from the differential equation governing the system. The phase variables provides a link between the transfer function design time-domain design approach. . approach and

25. What is the disadvantage in choosing phase variable for state-space modeling? The disadvantage in choosing phase variables is that the phase variables are not physical variables of the system and therefore are not available for measurement and control purposes. 26. Write the canonical form of state model of nth order system. In canonical form of state model, the system matrix, A will be a diagonal matrix. 27. What is the advantage and the disadvantage in canonical form of state model. The advantage of canonical form is that the state equations are independent of each other. The disadvantage is that the canonical variables are not physical variables and so they are not available for measurement and control.

Computer Control Process- Unit-II

1. State the theoretical properties required for a digital control algorithm Open loop characteristics, Reset problem, Controller tuning, Robustness, Constraint handling, dead time Compensation, working with right half plane. 2. State deadbeat algorithm? An algorithm that requires the closed loop response to have finite settling time, minimum rise time and zero steady state error is referred to as a dead beat algorithm. 3. Give the advantages and disadvantages of a deadbeat algorithm. Advantages: Control Specification is simple. Disadvantages: Existence of ringing Closed loop response is likely to deviate from the specification due to inertia present in the industrial scale processing and modeling errors. 4. State Dahlin Algorithm. Dahlins Algorithm specifies that the closed loop sampled data control system behave as though it were a first order process with dead time. 5. State the closed loop specification for a Dahlin Algorithm. The closed loop specification is given by,

C(z)/R(z)= F(z) . z-(N+1) F(z)First Order lag NNumber of Sampling periods in the process dead time, d. 6. Give the disadvantage of Dahlin Algorithm. The only disadvantage of Dahlin Algorithm is it is unsuitable for process with inverse response due to the choice of z-(N+1) . 7. State the position algorithm in a digital PID controller. Pn=P+ Kc[en+ t/ I(n=0 to k)ek+ D/ t(en- en-1) P constant or position at 0th instant Pn position at nth instant n instant from 0 to k 8. State the velocity algorithm in a digital PID Controller P(z)/E(z)= Kc[1-z-1+ t/ I + D/ t(1-2z-1+z2) 9. Give the difference between the position and velocity algorithm in a digital PID. The difference between the position and velocity algorithm is that the velocity algorithm only computes the incremental output instead of the actual output of the controller. 10. What are the features of a digital PID Controller? Elimination of reset windup. Elimination of derivative kick Effect of saturation on controller performance Comparison of position and velocity algorithms Use of dimensionless controller gain Time delay compensation

11. Give the specification of deadbeat algorithm C(z)/R(z)=Z-1 12. Give the advantage of Smith Predictor Algorithm. In a Smith Predictor Algorithm the dead time of a process is determined and compensation is performed to avoid it in the process output. 13. What are the advantages of veolocity form over the position form? (i) it does not need initialization (ii) it is protected against integral windup (iii) it protects the process against computer failure 14. Explain ringing. When the roots of the denominator D(z), transfer function contain a term whose coefficient is positive then it implies the presence of a pole of negative value, thus the controller ringing is caused. 15. How can ringing be avoided? It can be eliminated by multiplying the transfer function with the ringing term and then multiplying the term to the denominator by applying a limit z1.

16.What are the criteria to be noted while using the f in D(z)? a)The high value of f close to 1 gives a high degree of robustness but the response becomes quiet sluggish b)Smaller value of f close to zero includes dynamic response but the system becomes more sensitive to modeling errors. 17.What are the advantages of using f? f can be used to enhance the robustness of the loop in the presence of modeling errors and even in the absence of modeling errors the parameter f can be used to shape the output response and to reduce ringing. 18. State the condition when a controller is said to be physically unrealiasable? If the process contains a time delay i.e. d>n then D(z) will require future values of the error to determine the current value of controller output which is physically impossible, when this occurs the controller is said to be physically unrealiasable. 19. Define robustness of a digital control algorithm. The control algorithm must have the ability to maintain stability of the control system in the presence of a plant model mismatch i.e. it must maintain stable process operation in the presence of modeling errors. 20.What is a sampler and hold? A sampler is used for the purpose of ADC, it converts the continuous signal into a discrete signal of samples. A hold is similar to a DAC but the output is a continuous signal in pulsed form.

Computer Control Process III

1. Draw the general block representation of a computer control system?

2. Define SCADA? Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is computerised hardware and software based project that provides a single integrated view of all control and information resouces, enable engineers, supervisors, managers, operators to view and interact with the working of an entire operation through graphical representation of their product process. 3. What is CIMPLICITY?

CIMPLICITY is a SCADA package. It is based on a client-server architecture consisting of servers and viewers. Servers are responsible for the collection and distribution of data. Viewers connect into servers and have full access to the collected data for viewing and control actions. 4. State the requirement of CIMPLICITY HMI Plant Edition? CIMPLICITY HMI Plant Edition provides an extraordinary selection of features that enables to configure comprehensive and robust project. It gives a quick tour which provides links to the related subject in the documentation. 5. What ia a DDC? The DDC(Direct Digital Control) directly interface to the process for data acquisition and control purposes. 6. List the tasks performed by P in DDC? It reads the various process variables from different transmitters through multiplexer and ADC It determines the error for each control loop and executes control strategy for each loop It outputs the correction value of control valve through DAC 7. Mention the two algrothims used in DDC software ? There are two algorithms for programming a three mode PID control loop Position algorithm Velocity algorithm 8. Define AI ? Artificial intelligance has been defined as the branch of computer science which deals with the software and hardware techniqes to solve symbolic problems as against number crunching problems solved by EDP machines. 9. What is heuristics? The learned facts, experience and intuition are three basic inputs which enable decision making collectively these are known as heuristics. In AI systems the decisions are taken on the basis of heuristics. 10. Detail on the difference in working of conventional EDP systems and AI systems. Conventional EPD systems Initial data to solve problem Problem solving using well Known algorithms AI systems Formal knowledge in the field of Problem solves problem solving by -reasoning -search -heuristics Solutions in the form of -opinions

specific numerical solutions

-conclusions -logic solutions new data (result) New knowledge 11. Mention the various categories under the AI system AI system can be divided into three major categories Natural language system Perception system for vision, speech and touch Expert or knowledge based systems 12. List the various types of information presented to expert system. The information presented to expert system may be factual, incomplete, judgmental, speculative, experimental, uncertain, fuzzy, intuitive.Expert system should derive conclusions based on such incomplete information, just like reat life human expert. 13. What is a domain knowledge? The domain knowledge is stored in the knowledge base of system. The domain knowledge contains: -facts -Relation between facts -Heuristics. 14. Draw the flow diagram of Human Decision making Process?

15. List down the methodologies used in knowledge representation The knowledge representation methodologies include Semantic networks: In semantic network nodes and arcs form graphical notation to represent objects (achons, events) and relationship among them.

Frames: Frames are templates or modules for holding clusters of related knowledge about a particular narrow subject. Rules: Rules may be in one of the three forms. a) If {this happens} then do {that} or b) If {this is the case} then {that is true} or c) If {this is the case} then do {that}. 16. Differentiate the two reasoning mechanisms: The two main reasoning mechanisms include Backward chaining starts with a goal (i.e.) conclusion which is most probable and then tries to go backward and match the left hand side of rule i.e. conditions. Forward chaining is a top down approach. It proceeds in the direction until the goal, i.e. conclusion is reached. 17. List the goals for an ideal expert controller. An ideal expert controller should be able to satisfy the following goals: 1. Ability to control a large class of processes which may be time varying, non linear, with variety of disturbance. 2. Requirement of minimum prior knowledge about the process. 3. Ability to improve its performance with time, as it acquires more knowledge. 4. Ability to monitor the performance of the system and detect problems with sensors, achitors, and other components. 18. Differentiate between analog controller and digital controller Analog controller though are faster than digital controllers, the later is preferred because the changes in the parameter values are possible in digital controller while not in analog controller. 19. Draw the block representation of expert controller?

20. Draw the structure of DDC?

Computer Control Process-Unit IV

1. What is a PLC ? A Programmable Logic Controller(PLC) is defined as a digital electronic device that uses a programmable memory to store instructions and to implement functions such as logic, sequencing, timing, counting and arithmetic in order to control machines and processes. 2. Why the term logic is used? The term logic is used because the programming is primarily concerned with implementing logic and switching operations.

3. Write the operating principle of the logic controllers. Input devices (example - switches) and output devices ( example - motors) being controlled are connected to the PLC and then the controller monitors the inputs and outputs according to this program stored in the PLC by the operator and so controls the machine or process. 4. What is the main advantage of PLC ? PLC's have great advantage that it is possible to modify a control system without having to rewire the connections to the input and output devices. 5. What are the features of PLC as a controller? The features of PLC as a controller are, They are rugged and designed to withstand vibrations, temperature, humidity and noise. The interfacing for inputs and outputs is inside the controller. They are easily programmed and have an easily understood programming language. 6. Write about the architecture of a PLC. It consists essentially of a central processing unit- (CPU), memory and input/output circuitry. The CPU controls and processes all the operations within the PLC. It is supplied with a clock with a frequency between 1 and 8 MHz. It also has a bus system, memory and input/output units, a system ROM for permanent storage, RAM for the users' program and temporary buffers. 7. What happens when the power supply is switched off? To prevent the loss of the programs, when the power supply is switched off, a battery is likely to be used in the PLC to maintain the RA.M contents for a period. 8. How are programs entered? Programs are entered into the input/output unit from a panel, which can vary from a small keyboards with liquid crystals to those using a visual display unit (VDU) with keyboard and screen display. Alternatively, the programs can be entered into the system by means of a link to a PC. 9. Write about the input/output channels. The input/output channels provide signal conditioning and isolation functions so that sensors and actuators can be generally directly connected to them without the need for other circuitry. Common input voltages are 5 V and 24 V. Common output voltages are 24 V and 240 V. 10. Write about the relay. With the relay type, the signal from the PLC output is used to operate a relay and so is able to switch currents of the order of a few amperes in an external circuit. The relay isolates the PLC from the external circuit and can be used for both D.C. and AC. switching. Relays are, however, relatively slow to operate 11. What are optoisolators ? Optoisolators are used with transistor switches to provide isolation between the external circuit and the PLC. They are also used to provide isolation. 12. What is ladder programming? The ladder programming involves each program task being specified as though a rung of a

ladder. Thus such a rung could specify that the state of switches A and B, the inputs, be examined and if A and B are both closed then a solenoid, the output is energized. 13. What is PLC and lists its advantages? A Programmable Logic Controller(PLC) is a solid state device designed to perform logic function previously accomplished by electrochemical relays. Programmable logic controllers are used for the control and operation of manufacturing process equipment and machinery. Advantages of PLC over relay logic Relays They have to be hard-wires to perform a specific function When the system requirements change, the relay wiring has to be changed or modified. Higher power consumption PLC No hard-wire requirement Can be easily changed or expanded Lower power consumption

14. List the parts of PLC. A typical PLC can be divided into three parts. These three components are the Central Processing Unit(CPU) The Input/Output section Programming device Error: Reference source not found 15. Differentiate (or) Distinguish PLC Vs Computer Computer PLC It cannot be used in industrial PLC is designed to operate in the environment industrial environment with wide ranges of ambient temperature and humidity Computers are complex computing But PLCs, execute a single program in an machines capable of executing several orderly and sequential fashion from first programs or tasks simultaneously. to last instruction. In computers, the hardware and software Hardware and software of PLCs are designed are not much easily designed for easy use by plant electricians Fig. PLCand technicians. It is programmed in relay parts understandable by plant technicians. ladder logic. 16. Explain the three size classification for PLCs and state one general application for each size. PLCs are divided into three major size categories Small Medium Large 1. Small:

It covers units with up to 128 I/Os and memories up to 2K bytes. There PLCs are capable of providing simple to advanced levels of M/C control. 2. Medium: It covers units up to 2048 I/Os and memories up to 32K bytes. 3. Large: Large PLCs, offcourse are the most sophisticated units of the PLC family. They have up to 8192 I/Os and memories up to 750K bytes. PLCs of this size has virtually unlimited application. Application: PLCs are mostly applied in steel mills, paper and pulp plants, chemical and automotive and power plants. 17. Write the key factors in selecting a PLC. The key factor in selecting a PLC is establishing exactly what the unit is supposed to do. In general it is not advisable to buy a PLC system that is larger than current needs dictate. However, future conditions should be anticipated to ensure that the system is the proper size to fill the current and possibly future requirements of an application. 18. Define memory and list the types of memories. Memory is where the control plan or program is held or stored in the controller. The information stored in the memory relates to how the input and output data should be processed. Memory types are: Read Only Memory(ROM) Random Access Memory(RAM or R/W) Programmable Read-Only Memory(PROM) Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory(EPROM) Electrically Allocable Read Only Memory(EAROM) Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory(EEPROM) Magnetic core memory 19. Define program loader. Program loaders are used to record and store the user program or to load preprogrammed instructions into the processor. There are two types of program loaders: 1. Magnetic cassette 2. disk recorders and electromagnetic magnetic modules 20. Explain the functions of PLC I/P and O/P modules. The input and output interface modules provide the equivalent of eyes, ears and tongue to the brain of a PLC, the CPU. Input interface modules accept signals from the machine or process devices(120V ac) and convert them into signals(5V dc) that can be used by the controller. Output interface modules convert controller signals(5V dc) into external signals(120V ac) used to control machine or process. 21. List three possible functions of a PLC programming device. Easy to use programming equipment is an important feature of the PLC The programming device provides the primary mean by which the user can communicate with the circuits of controller.

 The programming device allows the user to enter, change, or monitor a PLC controller program 22. Explain the function of an optical isolator. There are three main functions. They are Separate the higher ac input voltage from the logic circuits. Prevents damage to the processor due to line voltage transients. Helps top reduce the effect of electrical noise which can pass entire operation of the processor. 23. List the conditions for drawing the ladder logic. Contacts may be always inserted in the upper left. Coils must be inserted at the end of a rung. All contacts must run horizontally(i.e.) no vertically oriented contacts are allowed. The no: of contacts per network is limited. Only one output may be connected to a group of contacts. The contacts must be nested. Flow must be from left to right. Contact progression should be straight across. Rung scanning- Allen Bradley Column scanning-Modern automation 24. List the sequence of operations carried out in PLC programming. Processor memory organisation Program scan PLC programming language Relay type instruction Instruction addressing Branch instruction Internal relay instruction Programming examine ON and OFF instructions Entering the ladder diagram Modes of operation. 25. What is meant by program scan? During each operating cycle the processor reads all the inputs, takes there values and according to the user program energises or de-energises the output. This process is known is a program scan. Error: Reference source not found 26. What is meant by PLC programming languages? PLC programming language refers to the method by which the user communicates information to PLC. 27. List the relay type instructions. Instruction set is composed of contact symbols so the ladder diagram language is also referred as contact symbology. 1. EXAMINE ON instructions 2. EXAMINE OFF instruction 3. OUTPUT ENERGISE

28. What is meant by internal relay instructions? Most PLCs have an area of memory allocated for what are known as internal storage bits. These storage bits are also called internal outputs, internal coils, internal control relays are just internals. The internal output does not directly control an output device. 29. Explain EXAMINE ON and EXAMINE OFF instructions. EXAMINE ON means: Normally open contact EXAMINE OFF means: Normally closed contact

30. List the modes of operation in PLC. There are 5 different modes of operation. They are 1. Connect PLC with PC 2. Clear the RAM 3. Store the logic in the RAM. 4. Run 5. Continuous until stop mode is selected. 31. Draw the ladder logic diagram for AND,NOR & EXOR gates. Ladder logic diagram:

32. Explain ON delay and OFF delay timer. ON delay timer: This increments while it receives power flow and resets to zero when power flow is stopped. OFF delay timer: OFF delay timer increments while power flow is off and resets to zero when power flow is on.

Computer Control Process-Unit V

1) What are the types of communication used in PLC? Point to point communication Network communication 2) How is the point-to-point communication constructed in PLC? All PLCs offer this type of communication via an RS 232C ASCII based link that utilize a separate intelligent I/O module. This module supports multidrop RS-422 and RS-485 links. 3) What are the functions of the module present here? a) These modules provide the necessary software functions to allow the module to communicate with the PLC processor via input output systems. b) This helps to communicate with a wide variety of devices such as colour graphics terminal,intelligent,push button stations,bar code readers,servomotor controllers and ASCII terminals. 4) What are the different ways to use this module? a) These modules can be user programmable for the external ASCII communications port. The software for the external communication must be used b y the ASCII.. b) Some modules come programmed with a fixed protocol that allows I/O &internal memory to be accessed by an external 232 device. 5) What are the instructions sets in PLC? Search, compare, ASCII to binary, binary to ASCII block transfer functions(to transfer data to or from the ASC11 communication module) & flexible conditional statements. This helps in the efficient handling of ASC11 information. 6) What are the demerits when there is insufficient instructions set in PLC? If the PLC instruction set is insufficient , then most of the processing will need to be done either in the external device or in the communication module itself. 7) What are the functions of network communication? This provides a. Reading and writing variables. b. Uploading and downloading programs. 8) What are the points considered when evaluating a network for a PLC application? response time through put. error checking. 9) What is response time?

The length of time required for an input changing state on one node of a network to a second node. The input has changed is a critical parameters during the control of a process of a network. 10) What is through put? The characteristics is present during the communication of a great deal of data the network that allows large packet of data to be sent over the network will exhibit a higher through put than network that only supports packet size. 11) What is the need of error checking? Any network that is used for transferring control information should utilize extensive error checking on the information sent the sender and the receiver should be capable of detecting errors and should perform error recovery mechanisms like retransmission. 12) What is the need for access mechanism? For a network consisting of multiple devices, some method for determining who has access to the network at any given time. 13) What are the types of access mechanisms? master-slave peer to peer 14) What is the function of master slave mechanism? This is the only master slave PLC ,the master sends commands out to the slave PLCs and responds appropriately, the slaves only responds to the commands from the master. 15) What is peer to peer mechanism? This allows any device on the network to initiate message. This determines the access between the entire device not just between the master and the slave. The various mechanism implemented are token passing and CSMA/CD. 16)What are the time requirements of the control information? The control signals such as end of travel and emergency stop should be hardwired. 17) What are the different networks used in PLC network protocols? MAP->manufacturing automation protocol OSI-> open system interconnect The protocol is MMS ->manufacturing message specification. 18) What is the Bus Access method in a PLC network? a) Peer to peer token passing-IEEE 802.4 CSMA/CD-IEEE 802.3 b) Master-slave 19) What are the media used in PLC communication?

a) Coaxial cable b) Twisted pair c) Twinaxial cable 20) What are the different types of signals? a) Broadband(multiple channels) b) Carrierband (freq shift keyed) c) Baseband-no modulation 21) What is the use of PC? The personal computer can also be used everywhere but it is particularly meant for the office environment. any type of operation can be done here by selecting a suitable environment. 22) What are the limitations of PC? Suited for office environment Any input cannot be directly connected. The interface must be used. 23) What is the use of PLC? a) b) c) d) This is used to perform logic functions accomplished by electromechanical relays. This is used in virtually in every segment of industry were automation is required. This is used for the control & operation of manufacturing process equipment and machinery. This is user friendly and helps in understanding.

24) What are the advantages of PLC? a) Withstands any environmental conditions. b) Any inputs can be directly inbuilt. c) This eliminates the use of hardwiring with relay ctrl circuits. d) This is small and inexpensive. e) This provides solid state reliability, lower power consumption & ease of expandability.

Computer Control of Process

Unit-1
1. Discuss state model of a discrete data system. Refer notes and xerox material 2. Explain Pulse transfer function of system. Refer notes and xerox material 3. Determine the Z transform of sinwt from the definition of z transform. Refer book : Computer process control, Deshpande 4. Find the inverse z transform of (1+2z-1+z-2)/ (z-0.368) by long division method. Refer book : Computer process control, Deshpande 5. Check whether the discrete data system represented by the characteristic polynomial (z) = 2z3 + 4z2 + 9z +1 is stable or not Refer notes and xerox material

Unit-2
1. Derive the digital equivalent of both position form and velocity form of PID control algoriths. Refer book : Computer process control, Deshpande 2. Discuss the ringing phenomena in digital controllers. Refer notes 3. Derive pole placement controller algorthm with a neat block diagram. Refer notes and xerox 4. Explain Smith preditor algorithm for deadtime compensation. Refer book : Computer process control, Deshpande 5. Design Deadbeat algorithm and dahlins algorithms for G(s) = e-2s/(18S+1) Refer book : Computer process control, Deshpande

Unit 3
1. Explain tbe basic building blocks of computer control system. Refer book : Computer process control, Deshpande, pp. 35 2. Explain SCADA with neat diagram Refer notes and xerox material 3. With the help of neat schematic diagram explain the function of direct digital control of a process. Refer book: Computer based industrial control , Krishnakant, pp-135 4. Explain how AI can be used in contol? Refer notes and xerox material 5. What is an expert system? Discuss the components of an expert system. Refer notes and xerox material Unit-4

1. Explain Sequential & programmable controller. Refer notes and xerox material 2. With a neat diagram explain the architecture of PLC. Refer notes and xerox material 3. Discuss Input & output module of PLC. Refer notes and xerox material 4. Discuss the various types of programming terminals and devices used in PLC. Refer notes and xerox material 5. Explain any two functional blocks in PLC with an example.

Unit-5
1. With the help of block diagram, explain how can a PLC be interfaced with computer. Refer notes and xerox material 2. Mention the different types of communication networks available for PLC. Explain them in detail with relevant diagrams. Refer notes and xerox material 3. Discuss how the bottle filling systme is implemented uaind PLCs. Refer notes and xerox material 4. Discuss any two applications of PLC in process industries. Refer notes and xerox material 5. Explain the structure, operation conditions of communication networks of PLC. Refer notes