OEP: Versification: (all these form rhythm) 4 stresses Alliteration on stressed sylables: The repetition of initial consonant sounds

Caesura: the pausing or stopping within a line of poetry caused by needed punctuation

Anaphora: content wrods!! Repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or verses. I needed a drink, I needed a lot of life insurance, I needed a vacation, I needed a home in the country. What I had was a coat, a hat and a gun." Kenning: metaphorical ...sea men sheapered of the people Litotes: A figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite. We are not amused." I am not unaware how the productions of the Grub Street brotherhood have of late years fallen under many prejudices." Repetition of concepts Genealogy Synecdoche ( atribute for an object, bows are busy) A figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole (for example, ABCs for alphabet) or the whole for a part ("England won the World Cup in 1966"). All hands on deck. white-collar criminals Give us this day our daily bread. Assonance - The repetition of vowel sounds. Identity or similarity in sound between internal vowels in neighboring words. Imagery - Words or phrases that appeal to any sense or any combination of senses Metaphor - A comparison between two objects with the intent of giving clearer meaning to one of them. Often forms of the "to be" verb are used, such as "is" or "was", to make the comparison.

An implied comparison between two unlike things that actually have something important in common. "But my heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill." "The rain came down in long knitting needles Antithesis: The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced phrases. "Love is an ideal thing, marriage a real thing." "You're easy on the eyes Hard on the heart." many are called, a few are chosen Apostrophe: Breaking off discourse to address some absent person or thing, some abstract quality, an inanimate object, or a nonexistent character. "Blue Moon, you saw me standing alone Without a dream in my heart Without a love of my own." "Hello darkness, my old friend I've come to talk with you again . . .." Meter - The recurrence of a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables Onomatopoeia - The use of words which imitate sound. The use of words that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to. Plop, plop, fizz, fizz, oh what a relief it is." Personification - A figure of speech which endows inanimate objects with human traits or abilities. Fear knocked on the door. Faith answered. There was no one there." The operation is over. On the table, the knife lies spent, on its side, the bloody meal smear-dried upon its flanks. The knife rests."

Point-of-view - The author's point-of-view concentrates on the vantage point of the speaker, or "teller", of the story or poem.

1st person: the speaker is a character in the story or poem and tells it from his/her perspective (uses "I") 3rd person limited: the speaker is not part of the story, but tells about the other characters but limits information about what one character sees and feels.

3rd person omniscient: the speaker is not part of the story, but is able to "know" and describe what all characters are thinking.

Repetition - the repeating of words, phrases, lines, or stanzas. Rhyme - The similarity of ending sounds existing between two words. Rhyme scheme - The sequence in which the rhyme occurs. The first end sound is represented as the letter "a", the second is "b", etc. rhyming couplet: a pair of lines which end-rhyme expressing one clear thought Simile - A comparison between two objects using a specific word or comparison such as "like", "as", or "than". A stated comparison (usually formed with "like" or "as") between two fundamentally dissimilar things that have certain qualities in common. "He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow." Life is like an onion: You peel it off one layer at a time, and sometimes you weep." Stanza - a grouping of two or more lines of a poem in terms of length, metrical form, or rhyme scheme. allusion: a casual reference to someone or something in history or literature that creates a mental picture. analogy: the comparison of two things by explaining one to show how it is similar to the other The day dawns as a journey. enjambement: the continuation of thought from one line of poetry to the next without punctuation needed at the end of the previous line(s). ROL hyperbole: extreme exaggeration for effect. Pronunciation: hi-PURR-buh-lee. An extravagant statement; the use of exaggerated terms for the purpose of emphasis or heightened effect. I was helpless. I did not know what in the world to do. I was quaking from head to foot, and could have hung my hat on my eyes, they stuck out so far." My toaster has never once worked properly in four years. I follow the instructions and push two slices of bread down in the slots, and seconds later they rifle upwards. Once they broke the nose of a woman I loved dearly." symbol: something which represents something else besides itself. Other terms: elegy: a poem of lament (extreme sorrow, such as caused by death)

free verse: a poem without either a rhyme or a rhythm scheme, although rhyme may be used, just without a pattern. blank verse: un-rhymed lines of iambic pentameter (ten syllables with all even numbered syllables accented) imagery: the use of words to create a mental picture mood: the emotional effect of a poem or a story. tone, mood feelings or meanings conveyed in the poem

Irony The use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning. A statement or situation where the meaning is contradicted by the appearance or presentation of the idea. Gentlemen, you can't fight in here! This is the War Room." Synecdoche A figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole (for example, ABCs for alphabet) or the whole for a part ("England won the World Cup in 1966"). Atribute for an object

Hyperbaton: Reversal of word normal order. figure of speech that uses disruption or inversion of customary word order to produce a distinctive effect; also, a figure in which language takes a sudden turn--usually an interruption. Pronunciation: high PER ba tun to emphasize he rhythm rhyme. It does not affect meaning Polysyndeton: using several conjuctions, spacially when some might be ommited. He ran and jumped and laughed for joy Duplication of subject ( hipermetrical line) Oxymoron: s a figure of speech that combines normally-contradictory terms. Secuences of adjective+ noun (usually) E.g: Short eternity A figure of speech in which incongruous or contradictory terms appear side by side. the expressions "act naturally," "random order," "original copy," "found missing," "alone together," "criminal justice," "old news," "peace force," "even odds," "awful good,"

"student teacher," "definite possibility," "definite maybe," "terribly pleased," "civil war," "real phony," "ill health," "turn up missing," "jumbo shrimp," "loose tights," "small crowd," and "clearly misunderstood" "The best cure for insomnia is to get a lot of sleep." I hate intolerant people." Health food makes me sick." polysemi: many meanings Allegory: convey the meaning by th esymbolic figure. Extended metaphor. Metonymy A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated; also, the rhetorical strategy of describing something indirectly by referring to things around it. Detroit is still hard at work on an SUV that runs on rain forest trees and panda blood." Paradox A statement that appears to contradict itself. If you wish to preserve your secret, wrap it up in frankness." War is peace." "Freedom is slavery." "Ignorance is strength." Pun A play on words, sometimes on different senses of the same word and sometimes on the similar sense or sound of different words. Kings worry about a receding heir line. "Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight"

Understatement A figure of speech in which a writer or a speaker deliberately makes a situation seem less important or serious than it is. "I have to have this operation. It isn't very serious. I have this tiny little tumor on the brain." Pathetic Fallancy: give an inanimate object feelings and a will of their own ( more than

personification) the chair was sad

Sustained metaphor or extended metaphor:

A comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem.

malapropism: is the substitution of a word for a word with a similar sound, in which the resulting phrase makes no sense but often creates a comic effect. paralelism: similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases or clauses. Eg: please leave your name, your number and your nessage Paralelism: Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words,
phrases, or clauses. The more we do, the more we can do." When you are right you cannot be too radical; when you are wrong, you cannot be too conservative."

Antithesis: contrasting ideas in balanced phrases or clauses.

Love is an ideal thing, marriage a real thing."

se trata de dar un rodeo para evitar una expresin estereotipada o comn ms usual, utilizando para ello varias palabras que la evocan sin citarla de forma expresa.
periphrasis: a roundabout description of something.

Ejemplos....

"el techo del mundo" = la cumbre del Everest; "el rey de los animales" = el len; "la materia que sirve para calcular los ngulos" = la trigonometra; "dio su ltimo suspiro" = muri;